Zou Rong was a propagandist of the bourgeois democratic revolution in the early 20th century. Lu Xun highly praised his book "Revolutionary Army", saying: "Even if it is a tragic and magnificent poem, it is only a piece of paper, and it has little to do with the subsequent Wuchang uprising." If we talk about influence, then the other thousand words are probably not worth the "Revolutionary Army" made by zou Rong, a pawn of the revolutionary army. ”
Zou Rong (1885-1905), formerly known as Shao Tao, the character Wei Dan, also known as Wei Dan, was a native of Ba County, Sichuan, and was born into a large merchant family. At the age of 6, he went to a private school, and within a few years he had read the Nine Classics, the Records of History, and the Book of Han. At the age of 12, he took the county boy exam for the first time, and because he was dissatisfied with the eight-strand test question, he confronted the main examiner on the spot and withdrew in anger. His father advised him to seek merit by virtue of his merits. But he said: "Stinky eight strands do not want to read, full of children do not love to enter, the name of the decaying world, what is the use of getting it?" "Showed strong dissatisfaction with the feudal system.
During the Reform of the Law, Zou Rong came into contact with the progressive books and periodicals of the Reform and Reform Law, and planted the seeds of revolution in his heart. In 1898, Zou Rong came to Chongqing in pursuit of new knowledge, learned English and Japanese from the Japanese, learned about Western capitalist culture and the history of the Meiji Restoration in Japan, and ideologically demanded innovation.
A bust of Zou Rong in the Shanghai Zou Rong Memorial Hall
When the change of law failed and the six gentlemen of Wu Shu were killed, Zou Rong was very sad and indignant, hung the statue of Tan Si next to the seat, and inscribed a poem to encourage himself: "Hehe Tan Jun's old age, Hu Xiang's morale is weakened; but he hopes that those who come after him will not be discouraged." Over the years, Zou Rong studied at the Jingxue Academy in Chongqing. He was not bound by the precepts, and he was unrestrained, "pointing to the heavens and the earth, not Yao Shun, Bo Zhou Kong, and no avoidance", and lashed out at the idea of feudal rule, and as a result, he was expelled from the academy.
In the summer of 1901, Zou Rong walked thousands of miles to Chengdu and studied in Japan at the official fee. However, those in charge of the Tao even disqualified him from studying abroad at official expenses. However, Zou Rong did not succumb to the feudal obscenity and was determined to go to Japan at his own expense to study and seek the truth of saving the country and the people.
In the autumn of 1901, Zou Rong resolutely came to Shanghai and entered the Cantonese Dialect Hall attached to the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau to learn Japanese in preparation for going abroad.
In the spring of 1902, Zou Rongdong crossed to Japan and entered the Tongwen Academy in Tokyo to study. At that time, the revolutionary trend of Chinese scholars studying in Japan was active. Zou Rong assiduously studied Rousseau's "TheOry of the People's Covenant", Montesquieu's "The Essence of The Ten Thousand Laws", and the history books on the bourgeois revolution in the United States and France, and was greatly encouraged and strengthened the revolutionary will to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.
"Revolutionary Army" book shadow
In Japan, Zou Rong actively participated in various struggles in the academic circles studying in Japan. At the Spring Festival group meeting in 1903, he took the stage to give a speech, "advocating Manchuism" and calling for an anti-Qing revolution. After that, whenever international students hold meetings, he will "scramble to speak first, sharp and tragic, rarely compared with the unmatched." He has made a name for himself among students studying in Japan.
The revolutionary activities of Zou Rong and the overseas students were repeatedly criticized and sabotaged by the Qing government envoys in Japan and the overseas students. 为了教训这帮败类，1903年3月31日，邹容和一些战友，借留日陆军学生监督姚文甫发生奸私事，闯进姚的住所，揭露其丑行，厉声痛斥说：“纵饶尔头，不饶尔辫发”，随即剪下他的辫子，悬挂在留学生会馆示众。
The righteous actions of Zou Rong and others dealt a blow to the reactionary arrogance of the Officials sent to Japan by the Qing court. Under the guidance of the idea of "revolution is not open and does not do anything", Zou Rong spent his main energy on the propaganda work of advocating the revolution, and began to compile the book "Revolutionary Army" in an attempt to awaken his compatriots, but due to the persecution of the "removal of braids" incident, Zou Rong was forced to stop writing and leave Japan to return to China.
In April 1903, Zou Rong returned to Shanghai, quickly joined the Patriotic Society, and became acquainted with Zhang Binglin, and the two became friends for many years. Zou Rong ran away and shouted in the Patriotic Society; Zhang Yuan's rally was even more "generous in his statement, if there was no one around" and "gradually attracted the attention of the Chinese people"; he actively participated in the struggle against Russia and participated in the anti-Russian volunteer brigade. In May, he also initiated the establishment of the "Chinese Students League" to carry out anti-imperialist and patriotic struggles. However, Zou Rong's greatest achievement was to continue to complete the anti-Qing revolution masterpiece "Revolutionary Army" in the struggle against Russia.
Guangzhou, Zhongshan University inside the statue of Zhang Binglin
The Revolutionary Army was completely out of print in April. In May, it was officially published by a friend and sent to Shanghai Datong Bookstore. Signed "Zou Rong, a former pawn in the revolutionary army", Zhang Binglin wrote a preface for it. It is known as the Declaration of Human Rights in modern China. "Su Bao" introduced the book and said: "When reading it, all the swords are drawn and danced, and the hair is raised and the shoulders are erect. If this book can be popularized in the minds of 40 million people, China's prosperity will also flourish. ”
Zhang Shizhao said in his reading of the article "Revolutionary Army": "Zou's 'revolutionary army' also takes nationalism as its stem and uses hatred for Manchu, pulls on the past, takes root in extreme axioms, drives out sharp pens, and reaches a shallow and straightforward word. Although the stubborn husband, seeing his deeds and hearing his words, recklessly beat his heart and lungs with his bare ears, he drew his sword and slashed into the sea. alack! This sincerity today national education a textbook also. ”
The book "Revolutionary Army" is about 20,000 words and is divided into seven chapters. With fiery passion, sharp tone, strict logic, and plain and simple writing, it talks about the justice of the revolution and makes a detailed exposition of the necessity of the revolution, the methods of the revolution and the future of the revolution.
After the "Revolutionary Army" came out in Shanghai, it "did not go away". In order to evade the Qing government's ban, the revolutionaries used the method of changing the title of the book to constantly reprint it at home and abroad, such as Chen Chunan and Zhang Yongfu renaming it "Tucun Chapter" in Singapore, Changing the name of Hong Kong's "China Daily" to "Revolutionary Pioneer", changing it to "True Words of Salvation" when reprinted in Shanghai, and Feng Free published him in Japan in conjunction with Zhang Binglin's "Refuting Kang Youwei's Book on Revolution", entitled "Zhang Zou Hejie". "Revolutionary Army" was republished in one edition, and the sales volume accounted for the first place in the books and periodicals of the late Qing Dynasty.
Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Guangzhou
The Revolutionary Army inspired the people's struggle and inspired the people's revolutionary enthusiasm, and many patriots, under the influence of the Revolutionary Army, embarked on the revolutionary road. For example, Peng Chufan, a martyr of the Wuchang Uprising, read the books of the "Revolutionary Army" before his death and strengthened his revolutionary belief in the anti-Qing Dynasty. After reading "The Revolutionary Army", Wu Fan, a revolutionary volunteer, transformed from a reformist into a bourgeois revolutionary fighter.
Comrade Wu Yuzhang commented in the book "Xinhai Revolution": "Zou Rong sang the praises of the revolution with great enthusiasm, and his sharp and painful article was popular for a while and played a great role in drumming. The publication of the Revolutionary Army "played a great role in promoting people's leap from bourgeois reformist ideas to bourgeois revolutionary ideas." Therefore, its historical significance is indelible. ”
In the summer of 1903, Su Bao angered the Qing authorities by publishing a series of articles opposing Qing rule, such as Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army" and Zhang Binglin's "The Relationship between Kang Youwei and Jue Luojun", which angered the Qing government, who colluded with the Shanghai Public Concession Bureau to arrest Zhang Binglin, Zou Rong voluntarily surrendered, and Su Bao was sealed. Zhang and Zou persisted in the struggle and propagated the revolution at the trial office. The Qing government requested an attempted "extradition".
The following year, Zhang Binglin and Zou Rong were sentenced to three and two years in prison, respectively, and on April 3, 1905, Zou Rong died in prison. He is only 20 years old and has only been released from prison for more than 70 days. His body was collected by the "China and Foreign Daily" museum. On April 5, the China Education Association held a memorial service for Zou Rong. Later, the revolutionary heroes Liu San and Liu Donghai risked their lives to transport their coffins to Huajing Township in Shanghai for burial. In February 1912, the Provisional Government of Nanjing of the Republic of China posthumously awarded Zou Rong the title of General. #辛亥革命纪念日 #