Genghis Khan's unification of Mongolia changed the nature of steppe society. Nomadic peoples have always been flexible and mobile in ancient warfare and have a natural tactical advantage over other peoples. Their strength in the field is not equal to other peoples . Nomads have a large number of horses, move and assemble faster than their opponents, and are better than their opponents in reconnaissance terrain and on the other side. You can find the weak strength of the opponent's troops, and you can hit more and less. The opponent is strong (often the infantry is massed), and they can rely on horses to escape the opponent's strike range, minimizing casualties. And their supply dependence is for plundering other peoples, even if there is nowhere to rob, they can feed themselves with mare's milk . Unlike the army in civilized areas, which need logistical supplies, the difficulty of supplying after local robbery has increased the gap in strength. When the opponent is stronger than their own, the nomads also pretend to fail and escape, luring the enemy deeper and luring the opponent into the distance. Then cut off its logistical supply lines, so that the opponent loses its combat effectiveness in hunger. Moreover, the nomads are skillful in bow horses and horses in continuous collective hunting training, and with tacit understanding, the range of bows and arrows is often far from that of inadequately trained opponents, and they can wound the enemy more than their own in the firing of 10,000 arrows from the two armies.
But before the Mongol Empire, the traditional way of joint plunder of nomads was relatively loose tribal confederations. Union chiefs have no power to appoint and dismiss individual tribal leaders. The tribal leaders and subordinates are their own children. If a tribe loses too many of its own people in order to jointly plunder civilized areas in a war, it will suffer a big loss in the future steppe cannibalism, and even face extinction. Therefore, it is often the case that tribal leaders do not obey the unified command because they cherish the lives of their subordinates. This undoubtedly canceled out the natural military superiority of the nomads. After Genghis Khan conquered the tribes, not only was the scale of the union unprecedented, but he immediately separated the personnel of other tribes, rearmed them according to ten, hundred, thousand, tens of thousands and other units, distributed them to his cronies, and became his personal army (cowardly). This turned those teams that were already superb in combat skills but afraid of death into a crazy beast that did not care about their own life and death, and only cared about killing, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the army and greatly strengthened the difficulty of resisting civilized areas.
