Why did there not be a theocratic state in China's history?

In fact, this land is also close to becoming a theocratic country.

In those years, Buddhism was so powerful and influential in the political situation that it far exceeded your imagination.

When Buddhism came over, it was still a matter of the Han Dynasty, and Buddhism was still relatively weak at that time, and the monks who came to spread the sutra were also a little unsatisfied.

It was not until the Wei and Jin dynasties that Buddhist masters began to appear.

This master mastered the metaphysics of the family, and began to translate the Buddhist texts, which can be called the dual practice of Buddhism and Taoism, and for a time the scriptures he translated were widely circulated and accepted on a large scale.

Especially on the Eastern Wu side, Sun Quan also supported monks to build relics and build Buddhist temples, all of which were there.

But after all, it is still a bit dependent on Confucianism, and Buddhism has not yet become a big climate.

Only the next thing is different, the Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, hundreds of years of chaos, etiquette collapse and happiness, Confucian principles are often useless, Taoist escape is not complete, whether it is the people or readers, they need something new to calm their hearts.

The Buddhist family expanded rapidly.

It is said that unlike the West, we have never been controlled by religion, but in fact, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism was once very closely integrated with politics.

It is not about theocracy, but it is a little interdependent.

The emperor of the Northern Wei period, in addition to the Son of Heaven, had another title, called Jinrulai.

Northern Wei officials also used Buddhism to educate the people, and for a while, from top to bottom, all Buddhist believers.

Like the Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes, they were built there.

Qin Shi Huang has built the Great Wall into a tyrant, and these emperors of Northern Wei are crazy to let people dig grottoes, and they are very good, which really amazes me.

The officials are like this, and the people are even more compared with each other, in order to worship the Buddha more than the neighbors, the Buddhist hall built is larger, exhausting the family's wealth, and dying nine times without regret.

Fortunately, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei was calmer and ordered the abolition of all comparisons.

But even so, the strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty's Buddha worship is still breathtaking.

In the "Luoyang Jia Lan Ji", it is said: The golden cha is higher than the spiritual platform, and the broad hall is strong and strong, not only the wooden clothes are embroidered, the soil is covered with vermilion, and in the surface of the capital, there are more than a thousand temples.

The Northern Dynasty has the present day, and the Southern Dynasty is not to be outdone, and Emperor Wudi of Liang is the Bodhisattva Emperor.

Monks cannot eat meat and drink wine, which is the precept made by Emperor Wudi of Liang.

This bodhisattva emperor respected the Buddhist precepts very much, not only was he ordained to worship the Buddha, but he also laid down the laws according to the Buddhist precepts, and even when he sacrificed to the temple, he did not give meat to his ancestors.

Four hundred and eighty temples in the south, how many buildings are in the smoke and rain.

The Bodhisattva Emperor's handwriting was no worse than it is today.

Of course, with the change of dynasties, there were also founding monarchs who were more decisive, such as Emperor Wudi of Zhou, who advocated the destruction of Buddha, all three million Buddhist disciples returned to farm or become soldiers, and all temple property was confiscated.

But soon, Emperor Xuan of Zhou re-recognized Buddhism.

Not to mention that the Sui Emperor Yang Jian has lived in the Banruo Temple since he was a child, let alone destroy the Buddha, the Sui Dynasty unified the north and south, and the exchanges between the Buddhist gates were more frequent.

Until the chaotic era of hundreds of years came to a complete end, after the establishment of the Great Tang Dynasty, a senior monk who remained famous for thousands of years appeared in the Buddhist gate.

The senior monk Xuanzang, in his twenties, became the first person in Eastern Buddhism, and then abandoned all his fame and glory and resolutely learned the scriptures from the western heavens.

After returning to Tang, Xuanzang founded the Dharma Sect, analyzed all the Dharma, obtained the truth of the world, and opened up the path to Mahayana Buddhism.

Since then, both Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian have believed in Buddhism, built temples on a large scale, and worshiped Buddha bones.

So after the Anshi Rebellion, among the Buddhist sects of the Southern School, accumulation broke out, and a genius appeared.

That is a real genius, if it is said that Fa Xiangzong must distinguish all foreign objects in order to understand the true heart, it is to be diligent at all times and not to cause dust.

This was already a very clever self-cultivation method.

There are more genius people in the Buddha Sect.

At that time, the six ancestors Hui Neng, who were still very young, said: Bodhi Ben has no tree, the mirror is not a platform, there is nothing in the original, and where is the dust.

Without writing, pointing directly to people's hearts, seeing nature to become a Buddha, the six ancestors Hui Neng founded Zen Buddhism and multiplied the number of Buddhist disciples.

From now on, you don't need to make a special trip to worship the Buddha, you don't even need to listen to the sutras, you don't need to read and hyphenate, you just need to be religious.

The Zen Buddhism founded by Huineng also advocates: do not do for a day, do not eat for a day. You have to practice in farming, in every little thing of daily life.

For a time, the world of the Great Tang Dynasty was full of Buddhist disciples.

And with the improvement of the Dharma, each time it became more and more profound, and more and more senior doctors began to accept the Dharma.

Bai Juyi said: Outside is a gentleman's Confucianism, and the inside is a bodhisattva.

Liu Zongyuan said: Because of the path of enlightenment and Buddhahood, confusion can be turned into true wisdom, that is, confusion can be turned into enlightenment, and darkness can be turned into light.

If no one stands up at this time and resists the torrent of Buddhism, perhaps there will be another chaotic era that lasts for decades, and the present Rulai and Bodhisattva Emperor of the Southern and Northern Dynasties will return to the world, and this land will also become a country of dependence on politics and religion.

Troubled times are not even needed.

Just look at the number and cost of monks in the Tang Dynasty at that time, you can see the clue, there are more than 200,000 monks, these people do not have to pay taxes, do not have to serve in labor, but also use the taxes of the imperial court to support them.

A monk spends 30,000 dollars a year for five people to be able to provide for him.

More than 200,000 monks cost 7.8 billion yuan a year, and it takes more than 1 million people to be able to afford it.

At that time, the registered population of the Tang Dynasty was only two or three million households.

Remove the rest of the nobles, nearly one-third of the world's people are used to raise monks, and the rest can be used to maintain the country.

So whose kingdom is this?

In fact, after careful calculation, excluding monks, officials, princes and nobles, the money that probably fell into the emperor's inner court may not be as much as a large temple.

Money, money! They divided into seven percent, and only then took three percent!

Well, the emperor of the Great Tang was not as keen as Jiajing about money, and still respected Buddhism.

The world has reached such a point, who will clean it up?

Naturally, he was the first person on the anti-Buddha front, Han Yu, who had declined for eight generations, and Han retreated.

Han Yu has been an orphan since he was a child, studying hard, but he can take the entrance examination, and the official examination has also been taken for many years, thirty-five years old, destitute, just turned into a superintendent of imperial history, and began to scare the princes and nobles.

Han Yu this person, it's hard to say anything else, the temperament is really rigid.

He is never afraid of causing trouble, nor is he afraid of facing the consequences, even if he is the only one on the road, then it doesn't matter.

He taught his apprentices by hand and did things with himself.

Teachers, preachers are subject to karma and confusion.

Han Yue lectured directly in Chang'an.

At that time, lecturing was a rare thing, no one went around studying, and no one took the initiative to run a school, pretending to be a teacher.

Except for the enlightenment teacher, there are no adult discussions.

At this time, Han Yue jumped out and said that where he existed, what kind of situation would he face?

Earlier, I glimpsed an answer in an article by Yanagi Zongyuan.

At that time, there were also people who wanted to worship Liu Zongyuan, and Liu Zongyuan wrote a letter to politely refuse him, although he also pointed out and discussed literature, but he did not bear the name of the teacher.

He said that I had heard Shu dogs barking before, that is, dogs in Shudi rarely saw the sun, and they barked wildly at first sight, and I was degraded to South Vietnam, where it rarely snowed, and when it snowed, a group of dogs appeared, barking like crazy.

Liu Zongyuan said, have you heard of Han Yu? He is now the day of Shu, why does Jun need me to make Yue Zhixue?

There is nothing wrong with sun and snow, but there are too many mad dogs.

Han Yue didn't care, he only knew that the way of the master had not been passed on for a long time, he only knew that the Buddha Sect was powerful, and there was no Confucian Taoist system.

So millions of people went to it.

In the matter of anti-Buddha, Han Yue knows well what it means to make more friends and fewer enemies.

Like others who have friendship with senior monks, they all discuss Buddhism with each other, and Han Yue also has friendship with senior monks, but writing poems twice in three days is to say to the senior monks: Ah, you are so talented and insightful, it is better to be vulgar!

He really dug a few corners.

Jia Dao, who did not meet the hidden person, was originally a monk, but he was persuaded by Han Yu to return the custom, and he pushed it with him.

It is estimated that it is also because Han Yu's consistent and kind attitude towards the master misled Liu Zongyuan.

Liu Zongyuan actually took the monk's book to Han Yue as a preface.

Han Yu: Yo, stimulation~

What a great opportunity, if I don't write some private goods, am I still a little master of destroying Buddha and the king of Lingshanzui cannons?

So the brush brush began to write.

Say that I am not modest, you have a book of Dharma, write the preface should find your master, what to find me?

Oh, I understand, it must be because you see the righteousness of my Confucian princes and courtiers, the love between father and son, and you are very envious in your heart, and you think that this is also the right way. But because you are a monk, you are trapped by the Dharma, you can't admit it positively, and you also want to jump into the sea of suffering, so you can only secretly ask me to write the preface.

Dignitary:?????

The monk asked Liu Zongyuan about these situations, Liu Zongyuan was also very innocent, he also wrote the preface, and he himself wrote good words.

Han Yue also asked Liu Zongyuan about these situations, you little comrade is not enlightened enough, how can you still help the Buddha to abuse?

Liu Zongyuan held a big groove and had nowhere to vomit.

It can only be said that Han Yu is a real dog.

Of course, this operation cannot have any large-scale results, at most it is to show the attitude, if it really works, it still has to be decisive.

When he was about forty years old, Han Yue worked as an official in the ancestral hall.

The ancestral hall was originally a department to manage monks and nuns in the world, and later the imperial court got a two-street meritorious envoy to manage the monks and nuns, so who is generally in charge of these two streets of meritorious envoys?

All are eunuchs.

Hey, eunuchs, monks, and nuns are all top masters in martial arts novels.

Obviously, this arrangement was extremely mentally retarded in Han Yu's eyes, so after he took office, he did not follow the original transfer of power, but continued to deal with these affairs.

The meritorious envoys of the two streets obviously ignored him, these eunuchs were secretly increasing the number of shavings, and Meizizi took bribes, and Han Yue sent people from bottom to top, tying up all the monks and nuns who were approved by the meritorious envoys of the two streets, and throwing them home to return to the customs.

He also picked out the most jumpy few greedy and lawless criminals and hacked them directly to death.

Fierce and decisive.

Of course, the meritorious envoys of the two streets did not do it, and sued Han Yue, originally this matter Han Yue was soft, but Han Yue refused to be soft and began to confront the meritorious envoys of the two streets.

Obviously, Han Yu was demoted again.

At this time, he probably also realized that on his own, even if he could be in any important position, he would not be able to complete the great cause of opposing Buddhism.

Previously, Han Yu wrote essays, and he wrote about the decline of eight generations, and his articles criticizing Buddhism are well known in the sea.

But he felt that this may still not be in place, so he was weak.

So he continued to write, Han Yue was ready to expose the great sin in the Buddhist scriptures, and pointed out that Confucianism itself is complete, and readers in the world do not have to seek light from any Buddhist sect.

He said that there is only one way under the heavens, that is, the way of benevolence and righteousness, and the Buddha's relationship and law are all family interests, starting from cutting off love and desire, cutting off people's ethics, and by extension, naturally becoming a big Tang moth for the people and the party of calamity.

Therefore, the liberation of Buddhism is false liberation, and only on the road of Confucianism pursuing the great road can true liberation be obtained.

Then the question arises again, what should Confucianism do if it encounters darkness on the way to pursue the path of benevolence and righteousness? How can we regulate the relationship between the seven emotions and six desires and nature? And how to clear the clouds and see the blue sky?

To be honest, Han Yue himself only realized that Buddhism and Confucianism have irreconcilable parts, but with his philosophical level, he really can't compare with people like Tang Monk and Huineng .

Therefore, he did not solve the latter problem at all, and put forward one casually: benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and faith are all a priori quality, engraved in your mind from the moment you are born, and the regulation of seven emotions and six desires, as long as you fully accept the education and stick to your heart, you can adjust well. If you don't adjust well, it proves that you are born with a defect and are very stupid.

I'm just: ???

Unconvincing!

No theoretical level!

It may be that people like Han Yu will be reckless in everything, no matter what they encounter, they are singing forward, and they can't consider how to solve people's problems at all.

So it is obvious that Han Yu's article is extremely well written, and the scolding of the Buddha Gate is also in place, but it cannot shake the theoretical basis of the Buddha Gate.

No way, Han Yue rushed left and right, like a monkey who couldn't turn over the five-finger mountain.

He thought about it for a long time, and in the end there was only one way left.

That's the method he's most familiar with, and that's how he's always been.

In case of indecision, he gambles his own life, does not die, and turns things upside down.

Thus, there is the "Bone Table of Welcoming the Buddha".

At that time, Han Yu, who had been in a hurry for half his life, had always been because of the anti-clan town and anti-eunuch, and when he did not show up, he finally followed Huaixi to a great victory and was promoted to the government, and he stepped into the center, and he was still so righteous.

Famen Temple has a section of Shakyamuni's finger bones, called relics, which are left every thirty years for people to offer.

At that time, the Son of Heaven believed in Buddha and sent people to the palace with fragrant flowers to welcome the Buddha bones, and wanted to make devotional offerings for three days.

The Son of Heaven welcomes the Buddha bones, of course, this is not the first time, but every time there is such a thing, it is indispensable for the people to abandon their homes and businesses, and the princes and nobles to run around, but I want to see the Buddha bones and provide for a while.

The world is like a pot of boiling water, watching the excitement, and when the heat falls and the water boils dry, you can see the devastated earth.

Han Yue didn't want this pot of water to continue to burn.

Ru Rafter waved a large pen, and the "Bone Table of Welcoming the Buddha" was handed over.

At the beginning, it was shocking, saying that before ancient times, there was no Buddha, the three emperors and five emperors all lived long, and the people lived in peace and contentment.

When Emperor Han Ming was emperor, there was Buddhism.

Guess what, Emperor Hanming reigned for eighteen years and was gone.

Not only is he gone, the world is in chaos into a pot of porridge.

Later, Song Qi Liang Chen, plus Northern Wei, provided for the Buddhist sect, none of them reigned for a long time.

That is, the Bodhisattva Emperor Liang Wudi, reigned for forty-eight years, but how did he die, was forced into the palace by thieves, starved to death, and soon the Liang Dynasty was finished.

Believe in Buddha and seek blessings, what is the result, Your Majesty, you see?

After writing this paragraph, he also expounded on many of the shortcomings of Buddhism, and said that the Buddha was just a man who did not understand the way of the king, did not know the righteousness of the king, that is, he was still alive and came under orders, that is, he called him into the palace, gave him something to eat and drink and wear, and nodded at him. Why are all dead now, and the bones of decay become treasures?

The important minister said, we should throw this bone into water and fire, forever fundamental, cut off the doubts of the world, and avoid the confusion of future generations! If a Buddha has a spirit, he can do evil, and if there is any suffering, he will be added to his body!

Heaven is coming, and the minister does not complain.

This "Bone Table of Welcoming the Buddha" is really well written and magnificent, and the decline of the eight generations of literature is by no means a false statement.

But precisely because it was written too well, Tang Xianzong was even more angry at that time, pointing to this music list, saying that Han Qizhi had several meanings, was this cursing a short life?

Han Yuhun didn't care, when he was reckless in this wave, it was estimated that he had already thought about how to die.

However, Han Yu's talent was too heavy, and there were many people who came to intercede with him, so he saved him from death and was degraded to Chaozhou.

So there is the famous poem - "Zuo moved to Languan Shi nephew Xiang"

A letter of nine heavens, and eight thousand Chaoyang Road.

If you want to eliminate evil for the Holy Ming, you are willing to decay and cherish the old age.

Where is the Yunheng Qinling family, and the snow is not moving forward.

Zhiru should come with intention, so as to collect my bones by the river.

Of course, Han Yu was not dead when he was demoted this time, and later he was transferred back to send an envoy to the rebels to rescue the general who was besieged by the rebels, and everyone was sorry and lamented, feeling that he would never return, and even the emperor could not bear it, and ordered him to return.

Han Yue has been the same Han Yu from beginning to end, raising his head and saying that the Holy Lord told me to go back, that is the benevolence of the Holy Lord, I will spare my life for the country, that is my duty!

So he rushed headlong into the rebels.

It is said that it is a rebel, and there is still a name of a temperance envoy on the surface, so it will not really be opposite, but it just does not listen to the order, and besieges the people who listen to the order.

Facing the sword, Han Yue did not lose his momentum, but took two steps forward, asking them if they really wanted to fight, from An Lushan to Huaixi in the battle, the reverse people wait to see who is still there?

A group of people looked at each other, led by a laugh to hide their embarrassment, and took Han Yue to drink.

Then he turned a blind eye to the breakthrough of the trapped general and let it go.

It's just that Han Yu, who is too strong, is easy to be overshadowed in the Tang Dynasty where party strife is rampant, and soon he was remembered in his heart for not consulting eunuchs, was expelled from the imperial court, and finally died of illness at home.

But Han Yu's master, his unyielding body and strong breath, are forever stretched out between heaven and earth.

Just as although the Buddha Gate was not shaken at the beginning, when someone mentioned the Buddha Gate, they would always think of Han Yulai at the same time.

This has planted a deep seed in the hearts of readers all over the world.

This seed was first detonated twenty years after Han Yu's death, when Tang Wuzong vigorously destroyed Buddha, demolished more than 4,600 temples, 40,000 monks' residences, and confiscated tens of millions of hectares of Buddha's good land.

This seed was dug up again many years later in the Song Dynasty, and Zhang Zao was in the Guanzhong, carrying a banner against Buddha.

Zhang Zai is more serious than Han Yue, over the years, there have been more and more talents in the Buddhist sect, from Xuanzang to Huineng killing all directions, anti-Buddha readers like Han Yu can only rely on a passion and gamble their lives to shout slogans.

No one can replace Buddhism from a theoretical level.

Zhang Zai was determined to give it a try.

Zhang Zai felt that in the dispute between Confucianism and Buddhism, the biggest weakness of Confucianism was to know people but not the sky.

The heavens here are, of course, the worldview.

What is this world, and how should people live in such a world?

Buddhism gave the answer, saying that the world is always empty, and the world is always a sea of suffering.

Zhang Zai took out the knife and said that the world has an ontology, wind, rain, thunder and lightning, fast and haoran, all in one breath.

In Zhang Zai's philosophical concept, the relationship between heaven and earth is only one breath, and all things in heaven and earth should also be one.

There is no heaven and earth, no things, no me.

Everything is just a gas.

So everything, it's me.

Between heaven and earth, there is only one me, and everything revolves in me.

So it's me who fills the gap between heaven and earth.

So it is also me who leads the changes in heaven and earth.

Zhang Zai said that all the old people in the world are me in my old age, and all the children in the world are also young me.

Then of course it is me who sets my heart for heaven and earth.

I am the one who lives for the people.

These expositions spread all over the world, and some people couldn't understand it, saying that all things in heaven and earth are one, then you are no longer pushing yourself and others, you are the equality and love of the Mo family.

Also a Confucian, this man thought, are you a Confucian traitor?

Zhang Zai: ???

Or this person's master, Cheng Yi, jumped out and said that the Mo family pays attention to complete equality, there is only one principle in heaven and earth, and everyone should be rich and poor, and love each other.

Zhang Zai is not, Zhang Zai is a reason.

There is only one principle in heaven and earth, but the ministry of all things is different.

For example, Zhang Zai also believes that human beings are compatriots, and all things are associated kindness. Or according to the different roles and positions, you can make your own benevolence and righteousness progressive.

And it is precisely because there is only one breath in heaven and earth, so there is one family under the world and one person in China.

Therefore, it is an inevitable choice to practice the path of benevolence and righteousness, and we cannot abandon ourselves and claim to be free from the sea of suffering.

Wealth and blessing are to make me virtuous.

Poverty and sorrow are meant to keep me improving.

Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, continue to study for the saints, and open peace for all generations.

This is the only way for man.

Later, it was Zhu Xi who further proposed how to practice self-in in a Confucian way, and Han Yue could not explain things, and Zhu Xi completed it by saving heaven and suppressing people's desires.

He mentioned Han Yu many times, advocated the exclusion of Buddha, and finally carried a new banner for Confucianism.

Although Zhu Xi's theory was also distorted by later generations and annexed into another strange appearance, Buddhism has never been able to rule this land at all.