One
In 1194 AD, Jiangnan grass long warbler flying, twenty-year-old Nanyang young writer Chen Hu, stepped into yuezhou Xu's garden to play, suddenly, he found that on the wall, there is Lu Fangweng's inscription poem, the gesture is flowing, at the end there is "book in Shen Garden, Xin Wei March inscription" words.
At that time, the land tour, nearly ancient and rare years, the poetry name has long been famous. Xu's Garden, formerly known as Shen Yuan, Xin Wei March, when shaoxing twenty-one years (1151 AD), Lu You was twenty-seven years old. When the young man saw the poems of famous writers, he naturally wanted to read them carefully, and Chen Hu read them sentence by sentence, as if he was in the scene of the great poet's sorrow and love:
Red crispy hands, yellow wine, full of spring color palace wall willows. The east wind is evil, and the joy is thin. A few years of sorrow. Wrong, wrong, wrong. Spring is as old as ever, people are empty and thin, and the tear marks are red and silky. Peach blossom fall, idle pond pavilion. Although the mountain alliance is there, the Jinshu is difficult to trust. Mo, Mo, Mo!
This poem "Chao tou Feng" is not complicated in meaning, but contains feelings but magnificent, it has become a model of traditional Chinese expression of love like "Guan Ju" in the "Book of Poetry", "Peacock Southeast Flying" in Han Le Fu, Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song", and Su Dongpo's "Jiang Chengzi".
Lu You's love has long been known to the world, and Chen Hu naturally knows it. After Lu You Tang Wan divorced, they started their own families, and a few years later (the well-written record should be seven years later, when Lu You was thirty-one years old), one spring day, Lu You went to shen garden south of YuJi Temple to relax, and met Tang Wan Zhao Shicheng and his wife.
Two
The love of celebrities, writers continue to pay attention to, almost sixty years younger than Chen Hu, careful, in his "Qi DongYe Language" volume I, recorded in more detail.
Thoughtfully provided a detail. In his later years, Lu You, who lived in the Three Mountains by the Jian Lake, every time he entered the city, he must climb the temple to overlook the Shen Garden, no matter the clear sky, no matter the smoke and rain, his thoughts will always fly through time and space, Tang Wan and her "Phoenix", the words stand:
The world is thin, people are evil, and the rain sends dusk flowers to fall easily. The wind dried and the tears were broken. Want to write a heart, monologue oblique. Hard, hard, hard! People are everywhere, today is not yesterday, and the sick soul is often like a swing rope. The horns are cold, and the night is dark. Afraid of people asking, tears filled with joy. Conceal, conceal, conceal!
The raindrops of dusk, answering and knocking on the window, Tang Wan looked at the pieces of peach blossoms falling in the courtyard, and the sadness suddenly hit her heart, look at it, this flower, it is not the right time, why did God separate us? It's a hot and cool thing! It's sinister hearts! Tang Wan's silent narration could be heard by Lu You.
This love caused Lu You a pain that lasted for life. Elaborate continue with examples.
Shao Xi Nongzi (1192 AD), the sixty-eight-year-old Lu You came to Shen Garden, he wrote a poem, the poem is orderly: "South of Yuji Temple, there is a small garden of the Shen family. Forty years ago, I tried the inscription between the walls. Occasionally, the garden has changed hands three times, and it is humbling to read. "Poetry Cloud:
Maple leaves are yellow, and Heyang is sad and timid about the new frost. Lin Ting felt the old empty looking back, Quan Lu by whom to say broken intestines? The bad walls are drunk and deserted, and the broken clouds are dreamy. The delusions of the years have been eliminated, and the incense is returned to the niches.
Everything has changed, and the original spirited youth has become an old man with white hair, to whom to tell? "The delusions of the years have been eliminated, and the incense has burned back to the niches", it seems that those attachments have passed.
The dream has been sold for forty years, and Shen Yuanliu is not flying. This body is like a mountainous soil, and it is like hanging on to the traces.
In fact, this kind of sincere thought still lingers. The willow trees in Shen Garden were all old, and Lu You sighed that even if he died, his soul would still come to Shen Garden, and this was the place where he would see Tang Wan for the last time.
The slanting sun on the city paints the corner of mourning, and the Shen Garden has no old pond platform. The spring wave green under the sad bridge was once a shocking photo.
It was still a bright spring light, but Shen Yuan was no longer the Shen Garden at that time, and he did not dare to walk on the bridge, because the spring wave under the bridge had illuminated Tang Wan's former figure.
The above two poems were written in Qingyuan Jiwei (1199 AD), and Lu You was already seventy-five years old.
The older I get, the deeper this longing becomes, a deepness that soaks into the bone marrow.
One night in the twilight of the Kaixi Yi ugly (1205 AD), the eighty-one-year-old Lu You, in a dream, visited Shen Garden, got up early in the morning, and he couldn't help but write two last sentences:
The road near the south of the city is already afraid to go, and Shen Jiayuan is even more hurt. Fragrant wear guest sleeve plum blossom in, green dip temple bridge spring aquatic.
The small stranger in the south of the city is in the spring again, only to see plum blossoms and no one. The jade bone has long been a spring under the soil, and the ink marks are still locked in the dust between the walls.
Lu You's more than 9,300 poems, more than 6,000 were written in his later years when he lived in Shanyin, the poetic style at this time, there is no carving, just to express his own intentions, in the dream, he did not dare to go to Shen Garden, both poems wrote about plum blossoms, in fact, is a metaphor, the plum blossoms that witnessed his and Tang Wan's love, are still fragrant, the bridge is still the same, the waves are still the same, the spring is still the same, just the beloved, has long become the dust under the spring. A tree of plum blossoms blooms, perhaps, the plum blossom is himself.
Three
In the reeds and aquatic grasses of the southern region, there is a common and common water bird, which is shy, can swim, can also fly short distances, eats insects and small aquatic animals, and plant seeds are also staple food. They form simple disc-shaped nests of twigs, aquatic weeds and bamboo leaves, and give birth to children from May to September every year. During the breeding period, the male birds are fiercely chirping in the morning and dusk, emitting a "bitter and evil" sound, people call it a bitter bird, the ancients called it "Gu Evil".
In May of the tenth year of Chunxi (1183 AD), the fifty-nine-year-old Lu You, who was deposed from Fuzhou and returned to Shanyin, had been idle at home for several years, with a thin salary from the Liupin official (Chaofeng Dafu, in charge of the Chengdu Yujuguan), writing poetry, receiving some friends from outside the party, and was very idle.
After the Dragon Boat Festival, the hot weather forced people to take off their clothes one by one. In the evening, Lu You drilled into the narrow canopy cabin and went to the night tour of Jian Lake to feel the scenery of the summer night. The moonlight was like day, and the boat slowly traveled along the small channel, and soon entered the wide surface of Jian Lake. Lu You did not like that kind of vast and vast calm, he asked the boatman to row the boat to the shore of the lake, close to the shore of the lake, three or five farmhouses, bamboo trees, a few dog barks, it sounded comfortable. Along the shore of Jian Lake, he has walked many times, and many villagers know him.
Suddenly, a water bird called "Gu Evil Gu Evil" came from the front. As soon as Lu You heard "Gu Evil Gu Evil", many wounds immediately surged in his heart, and the vivid and agile Tang Wan seemed to be standing in front of him. The evil birds in estrus did not care about the mood of the poet in the boat by the lake, they had their own love, and they cried desperately for love.
The good mood of the land tour night tour was ruined by the sound of the evil birds. Back home, still unable to sleep at night, with mixed feelings, various images were released in turn, so there was "Listening to the sound of water birds in the summer night boat is very sad and evil and composing poems":
The girl hid in the deep boudoir and did not look at the wall. Get on the car and move the house on the day, and the parents will door it. Although the concubine is very foolish, she also knows the king and the aunt. Chickens chirping at the head of the bed, combing buns and skirts. The hall is sprinkled with sweeps, and the kitchen is plated. Qingqing picks sunflower amaranth and hates not beautiful bears. The girl was not happy, and her clothes were wet with tear marks. The concubines gave birth to males, and the concubines made grandchildren. This ambition is staggering, and the life is thin to slander. Give up and don't dare to complain, and be miserable and lonely. The ancient road is paved with Pi Ze, and the light rain ghosts are dim. Listening to the evil voice of the sister, is there no way to send the soul of the woman?
At this time, Lu You has gradually entered the state of old age, the world is insightful, and he has only expressed his love encounters with "East Wind Evil" before, and tonight, the cry of the evil bird has completely stirred up the resentment and love that he has buried in his heart for a long time.
After the famous door, everyone was born in a wealthy family, her father Tang Hong was a Zhengzhou judge, and her grandfather Tang Yi was Hongru Shaoqing. After marrying into the Lu Mansion, scrupulously abide by the way of women, respect the elderly, be diligent and earnest, go to the hall, get down to the kitchen, do everything very well, even if the mother-in-law often picks bones in the egg, she also endures, secretly shed tears, the mother-in-law is more and more dissatisfied with her, there is only one reason, she did not give birth to a boy. In the end, she was expelled from the Lu family, and Tang Wan did not express resentment. Tonight, next to the ancient road, above the lake, the light rain accompanied by the mad ghost fire, the poor birds chirping, the sound is continuous, is that Tang Wan's wronged soul?
Evil, bitter, aunt is also the mother-in-law. When Lu You recounted his mother, he seemed calm on the surface, but there was a deep sense of helplessness and dissatisfaction in his tone, he wanted to resist, but he was always so weak and powerless, and his mother's authority was a heavy wall, which overwhelmed him. Wrong, wrong, isn't Lu You himself wrong?! As soon as he thought of Tang Wan, he hated himself.
The thoughts and guilt of Tang Wan, every time he heard the cry of the evil girl, caused irritation and pain to Lu You:
The lake bridge slopes from east to west, and the high city leaks drums to pass three more. The fishing boat swept through the sand at night, and the reeds xiao Xiaogu made a vicious sound.
The north and south of the lake bridge were dimly smoked and rainy, and people on both sides of the strait closed their doors early. I don't know what the evil of the aunt hates, but I can break my soul with a sound.
The heavens and the earth are big and small, and there is no crisis in the vicissitudes. Autumn can be full of rice, mourning so will be safe?
(Jiannan Poetry Manuscript, vol. 39, "Night Smell of Evil")
The poem was written in the summer of the fifth year of the Qingyuan Dynasty (1200 AD). Seventy-six-year-old Lu You was deeply infected and "broke his soul" for the hatred and mourning in his cries.
In the autumn of that year, he wrote about "Gu Evil" in a poem "Night Rain":
Flying fireflies are proud and chasing each other. The evil one complains, and the bushes cry. My song is also sad, and the old and dead are finally dead.
(Jiannan Poetry Manuscript, vol. 41)
Six years later, in the second year of the Jubilee (1206 AD), at the turn of spring and summer, the cries of the birds accompanied by the sound of the spring rain disturbed the dreams of the eighty-two-year-old man:
Learning the Tao should be light on all things, and the poor force is shallow and has not forgotten. Loneliness suddenly became impatient, and the wind and rain xitou gu evil voice.
(Jiannan Poetry Manuscript, vol. 66, "Night Smell of Evil")
Yu Cong MingGu Evil, Tall Tree Du Yu. Shock back to a thousand miles of dreams, listen to this five more rain. The exhibition window is not clear, and I feel more bitter. Tianya cherishes the old man, and has to insert two feathers!
(Jiannan Poetry Manuscript, vol. 66, "Five More Smells of Rain and Thinks of the Season")
In these poems, the evil night song always makes Lu You feel sad and bitter, and it is difficult to send.
Four
However, has the chirp of the evil bird always been a reminder of the memory of a stifled love for Lu You?
Yao Fan, a native of Tongcheng in the Qing Dynasty and a literary scholar of the Qianlong period, put forward a different opinion, he believes that none of us have read Lu You's "Gu Evil" poems: "Weng Yi may not feel this, but it is not an appropriate proposition" (see volume 47 of the Notes on Aiding Quail Hall for details), that is to say, Lu You's poems about Gu Evil are actually inspired by the current political and career frustrations, especially the one made by the fifty-nine-year-old who returned from a summer night trip to JianHu Lake, and was deposed several times, all because of his anti-Jin advocacy, and anti-Jin is the will that melts into his life and blood.
Well, I also agree with this point of view, which shows the level and feelings of the man, the Spring and Autumn Brushwork, the Beauty Vanilla, with which the metaphor of the other, love and politics are expressed in place, although they all cause him pain.
Bitterness, bitterness, the heavens have given those birds a unique physiological structure, they can only make such a mournful sound, alas, it is really bitter to the birds.
Author: Lu Chunxiang
Editor: Wu Dongkun