Chile occupies only a little bit of territory on the South American continent, but it has one-third of the world's copper reserves, and has always been known as the Kingdom of Copper, and its copper reserves, production and export volume are the first in the world. In addition, the reserves of iron are 1.2 billion tons, coal is about 5 billion tons, and there are saltpeter, lithium, gold, silver, oil, natural gas and so on. We often describe a person as having a mine at home as having money. But Chileans face the dilemma of having mines in their homes and no money in their hands.
In fact, in the 50s of the last century, Chile's per capita income was 650 US dollars, comparable to most European countries, and although Chile's land was a narrow strip, the natural resources and climatic conditions were very good, and the cherries felt delicious, the most famous of which was produced in Chile; Chile is also a major producer and exporter of salmon and trout.
So how can they get by to the point where they have to make a march even if the price of public subway tickets is increased by three cents?
Chile is rich in products and attracts the covetousness of hungry wolves
If Chile is uninterrupted, it may be comfortable and comfortable. But it is within the scope of Latin America, and the United States has long taken it upon itself to classify Latin America as its own backyard, the place of origin of raw materials and the dumping of products, to put it bluntly, it is a new colony of the new era. Under this policy, Chile, which is rich in products, is like a piece of fat hanging on the side of the road, and anyone who sees it wants to take a bite.
Therefore, since World War II, Chile's domestic pillar industries and industries related to the national economy and people's livelihood, especially mineral development, electricity, running water, communications, etc., have almost all been controlled by the United States, especially minerals, 70% of which are in the hands of American capital. Therefore, although Chile at that time looked very rich, only 300,000 of Chile's 9.62 million people enjoyed about 60% of the gross national income, and the remaining 9.32 million, the remaining 40%. Taking 100 million yuan as an example, 300,000 people are 200 yuan per capita, while the remaining people are 4.3 yuan per capita. The income gap is almost 50 times, not to mention, not counting the highest income and lower income.
But this result is not within the scope of the Americans' need to consider, and it is the Chileans themselves who have to save Chile. Allende, who believed in socialism, turned out to be a tortuous journey to run for president. Born into a family of lawyers, his father moved with him several times since he was a child, and it was because of this experience that Allende had been exposed to many aspects of Chilean society since childhood and understood the living conditions of the Chilean people at the bottom. His father often helped the poor fight lawsuits, and with the influence of his youth, Allende joined the political movement early on and joined the Chilean Socialist Party at the age of 25.
Since 1952, Allende, who has served as cabinet minister, representative, senator, and president of the Senate, has participated in three consecutive presidential elections, and because of his firm Marxist belief and his critical attitude towards capitalism, it is conceivable that the United States is very reluctant to let him serve as the national leader of Chile.
Therefore, when Allende entered the campaign, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the United States secretly paid for Chilean radio stations to play slogans attacking Allende every 20 seconds. But history finally stood in Chile, and in 1970, Allende won the first place by a slight margin. According to the election process in Chile, at this time, the Chilean parliament will elect the final presidential candidate from the first and second places in the national vote.
The United States was completely anxious at this time, and on the one hand, they tried to bribe Chilean parliamentarians, and on the other hand, they selected pro-American candidates from the Chilean military in order to wait for the opportunity to launch a coup. Then the parliamentarians are not all fools, Allende claims to nationalize the copper mines and other resources, and the parliamentarians want to do the same, so bribery does not work; On the other hand, in Chile the military selected a garrison commander of the capital military district and a retired army general; Let them collude with Chile's top military commander; If you can't win him over, assassinate him and then change people. During this period, Australia gathered intelligence in Chile to facilitate the timely action of the United States.
Although the CIA tried its best to create conditions for the two pro-American officers, they assassinated them three times before they killed Chile's top military commander, and the newly appointed military chief still insisted on the principle that the military would not interfere in politics; Moreover, the cause of the assassination was quickly clarified, and the two pro-American officers were sent to prison. That is to say, this time, the Americans lost money and did not even earn the shouts. Nixon did not give up and directly introduced a policy to overthrow Allende. Not a code name, not a cover-up, just two words of a loud trumpet.
When Allende came to power, he nationalized the copper, saltpeter, and iron minerals under the control of American capital, and established a copper mine court to hear various cases arising from nationalization. The day the nationalization programme was adopted, it was designated "National Dignity Day" by the Chilean people. Before Allende came to power, 33% of Chile's land was controlled by 3,300 landowners and 15 oligarchs controlled state-owned banks; After Allende came to power, he quickly carried out land reform, promoted infrastructure construction throughout the country, and developed public education, so that the poor, especially poor people, would receive free food from the government. The country has a new look, GDP growth of 8.6%, per capita growth rate reached 10% in the first year; Inflation fell from 34.9% to 22.1%; The most important thing is the unemployment rate, which has also fallen to 3.8%.
By 1973, there were more than 500 enterprises, 90 percent of the financial sector and 80 percent of exports, or 55 percent of import trade, in the hands of the government. With the money in the government, 122 new schools have been added, and enrollment has increased greatly from kindergartens to universities.
Allende's approval rating peaked at this time. At this time, if the United States insists on launching a coup d'état, it may cause a counter-effect. But the complete abandonment of Chile's fat meat is not in line with the Tone of the Americans. What to do?
Americans think of price wars. To put it simply, the United States pretends to need Chilean copper very much, so that the whole of Chile is focused on copper mines, and when Chile is crazy, the Americans say, I don't want it. Then Chile is really crazy.
Are Chileans just waiting to be deceived? It's a long-term process of catching big fish. In ancient mainland china, Guan Zhong used this trick to bring down several countries.
Guan Zhong used a poisonous plan to destroy the four kingdoms without bloodshed
During China's Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the masses competed for hegemony, the land of each country seemed to be similar, and the strength of each hegemon at the beginning was not much different, how could the State of Qi quickly enhance its national strength when surrounded by strong enemies? Qi Huangong also asked Guan Zhong in this way.
Guan Zhong said I had a way. In this way, the strength of the Chu State is strong, if we fight directly, it will still be very difficult, and it is not easy to figure out who loses and who wins. But the specialty of the Chu kingdom is deer, let's start by buying deer.
Qi Huangong listened to Guan Zhong's words very much, and immediately set aside a small city on the border of Qi Chu to raise deer. Guan Zhong asked Wang Yi, the Grand Master of Zhong, to bring 20 million yuan to the Chu Kingdom to shout loudly, and the King of Qi liked to hunt, so he wanted to buy live deer to go back and shoot and play. Life is worth it, death is not worth it! When the King of Chu heard that the King of Qi had lost his mind as such a plaything, he happily encouraged the people to go to the mountains to catch deer that did not need money, and strive to get all the money of the State of Qi as soon as possible. Guan Zhong also jointly speculated in China, and he told the Merchants of the State of Chu who came to the State of Qi to do business, saying that if you get 20 live deer, I will reward you with a hundred pounds of gold; If you get 200 heads, you will be rewarded with gold.
For a time, the whole chu state took catching deer and paying back money as the main task, children could not learn, peasant land was no longer planted, and they all went into the mountains and forests to find deer. Unlike the frenzied search for deer in the State of Chu, the State of Qi was secretly buying grain from the State of Chu at this time, and it is not an exaggeration to say that the landlords of the State of Chu did not have much surplus grain, and all of them were exchanged for money; Of course, chu guo did make a lot of money by selling deer.
Seeing that the snare has been made, it is time to close the line. Guan Zhong had Qi Huangong quietly seal the border. Soon the State of Chu found that all the people in Chu had no grain to eat, and took the money to buy rice, or it was cut off by the State of Qi, and the grain of the State of Qi could not be eaten for many years, but it was not sold to them. Qi Guo also said that when we come to our Country of Qi, we will have enough to eat. In this way, two-fifths of the Chu people fled to the State of Qi, and within three years, the Strength of the State of Chu was greatly reduced, and finally surrendered to the State of Qi.
Qi Huangong also wanted to occupy Hengshan, because this place was rich in high-quality weapons, which the State of Qi did not have. But if it is hard, it may also have to pay a small price. Qi Huangong went to Guan Zhong again to discuss the plan. Guan Zhong said that he still made a fuss about their specialties.
Guan Zhong sent people to Hengshan to buy weapons at a high price, and later persuaded the Yan State, dai guo, Qin state, etc., to go to Hengshan to buy weapons. The monarch of Hengshan and the prime minister discussed that since Hengshan weapons are so popular, let's increase the price by 20 times, so that we can make a little more money. Originally, casting weapons may have been a better profession, but this has become a good job that everyone flocks to. So a similar situation was staged again, the people of Hengshan all went to strike iron, but the State of Qi was buying grain on a large scale and buying it at a price of more than three times the market price. Other countries rub the light of Hengshan to make money, but the people of Hengshan are still not alert, or they are still foolishly selling weapons and grain.
Before the harvest of this year's crops, the State of Qi suddenly did not buy either grain or weapons, but ordered troops to be sent to Hengshan. At present, in Hengshan, the grain is not received, and the weapons cannot be forged in a short period of time, and soon they can only raise their hands and surrender.
Similarly, there was the incident of the collapse of the Lu and Liang states. The State of Lu and the State of Liang joined forces against the State of Qi, and the State of Qi was a bit overwhelmed. Guan Zhong said, it is still a specialty. There is a kind of cloth that can only be made by Lu liang and Liang, it looks rough, but it is very soft and light to wear, and the king will start wearing it tomorrow, and require the ministers of the State of Qi to wear it. After the demand increased, the supply of fabric was in short supply for a while, the price rose, and history was staged again, Guan Zhong claimed that as long as I send me a thousand horses of cloth, the prize will be 300 gold; Give away 10,000 horses and 3,000 gold prizes. When the peasants of Luliang and Liang heard this, they immediately stopped growing grain and instead planted mulberry silkworms. When it came to the autumn harvest, the grain output of Luliang and Liang was greatly reduced, and there was no way but to go to the country of Qi to buy it, and when necessary, it was also possible to exchange it for cloth. But at this time, the State of Qi neither wanted to be sloppy nor sell grain. However, he was still kindly willing to accept the people of Luliang and Luliang who could not afford to eat. As a result, almost 60% of the people in both countries ran to the country of Qi. Step by step, the State of Qi easily ascended to the throne of the overlord.
In foreign trade, the United States is accustomed to using the trick of Guan Zhong
What the United States is going to do to Chile next is exactly the same as Guan Zhong's plan. Because the world currency was the U.S. dollar, it had pricing power, and that year, the price of copper was hyped to $66 a ton. The prices of Chilean specialties have risen, of course, the direct beneficiaries are them, the wages of ordinary workers have risen by a third, and the incomes of the poorest have even increased by two-thirds. It was a time when happiness was at your fingertips.
The Allende government did not arouse vigilance, but instead added a handful of firewood to the fire beneath it in an atmosphere of ecstasy throughout the country. The government called on the people to invest more in the copper mining industry, while improving the welfare of copper miners.
At that time, Chile had just established diplomatic relations with the mainland, and had also voted in the United Nations to support the mainland and help the mainland restore its legitimate seat in the United Nations, so Zhou Enlai had reminded Allende that if the Chilean military was controlled by foreign forces, then Chile might be in danger of a coup.
Facts have proved how precise the Prime Minister's judgment is.
Under the order of the United States, the price of copper ore is no longer crazy, and European countries no longer import ore from Chile; What's more, the United States and the World Bank were initially able to lend Chile a total of $77 million, and now the U.S. Development Bank has only given Allende $2 million. As a result, Allende was completely unable to cope with 140 percent domestic inflation and a very serious deficit in the national treasury. At the same time, the United States blocked any aid to Chile under the pretext of Allende's speech problem, and for a time, Allende became a national sinner from the savior of the country, not only the economy collapsed, food shortages, but also further plunged Chile into chaos.
At the same time, the Chilean military received aid several times larger than Allende's government, and in August 1973, The military leader Pinochet, who was the opposite of Allende's political views, overthrew Allende, and American capital once again won. Allende stayed in the presidential palace, sending everyone away, including his wife and daughter and the presidential palace guards, until the last second, and then dying at the hands of the AK47 that Castro gave him.
In the end, however, Pinochet was also abandoned because of the change in U.S. policy toward Latin America. Pinochet was repeatedly targeted and assassinated; The United States, instead, poured $1 million to support his opposition referendum and bribed the Chilean media to build momentum for his opponents. The fate of Chile is in the hands of the United States. As for whether Chilean civilians are well fed and how many people have starved to death, what is the matter with the United States? Murder is nothing more than that.