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The 24 solar terms contain the accumulation of the Chinese nation's long farming culture and history, and expound the unique concept of time between man and nature. The four seasons with clear boundaries in Beijing not only bring about the ever-changing beauty of nature, but also confirm the wisdom and observation of the Chinese nation on the laws of nature embodied in the 24 solar terms.
In 2022, let us follow the time wave of the twenty-four solar terms, integrate the cultural connotation of the twenty-four solar terms, trace the small secret stories handed down by the natural winds and objects of the past thousand years in the long river of history, find the most typical characteristics of Beijing plants at present, capture the traces of nature, experience the ingenuity of landscaping, and feel the beauty around us.
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In the past, children in the countryside were required to beat pig grass. There is a grass that is the easiest for children who hit pig grass to encounter. This kind of grass can be found anywhere, roadsides, river beaches, hillsides, behind front houses, as long as there is sunlight, as long as there is a little soil, you can find its figure. It's plantain.
Plantain is really too vigorous, you see in the roots of the wall, in the cracks in the bricks, it grows desperately. In the cement cracks on the road, it drills out of the dirt whenever it has the opportunity.
Wang Shuo photographed at Beijing Greenland Conservation and Management Center
Plantain is used as a weed in many places and can be seen from south to north. It has many names, some places call it wheel vegetable, pork belly dish, ash pot grass, and the northeast region is called car rudder vegetable. Other names include Dangdao, Cow's Relic, Ox-tongue Grass, Wheel Grass, Coriander [fú yǐ], Cow's Bean [niú xì], Shrimp Toad [há má] clothing, Five Roots Grass, etc. Its leaves are green, round, and the petiole is very long, and some people say that it resembles a pig's ear, so some people call it "pig's ear grass". Plantains can be seen everywhere and pigs love to eat them. To be honest, why it is related to the wheels and the rudders of the car, I really don't understand. But the impression is very deep: after the plantain on the road is stepped on or rolled, even if the blade will be rolled, it will soon grow new leaves and give birth to "a good man". It can be said that plantain is really a "small strong that can't die" in the plant world.
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The name Cheqian actually has a long history, and it has been mentioned in the Shennong Materia Medica. The meaning of the front of the car refers to the plant that can grow in the ruts, which is completely consistent with my impression when I was a child. When I was very young, cars on dirt roads in the countryside were rare, and bicycles were not affordable for ordinary people. A lot of people have that kind of wooden wheelbarrow at home. When he went to visit relatives during the New Year's Festival, the father pushed the wheelbarrow, hung the children and goods on both sides of the car, and creaked forward. Where the wheels pass, only plantains can grow tenaciously.
Now if you explain to your child that the grass grows in front of the "car" in front of the car, he/she will not believe it anyway, and he or she will not understand it at all. Mainly because: the current car is no longer the car of the past, and the current road is certainly not the original dirt road of the past.
plantain
（Plantago）
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It belongs to the plantain family. There are 3 genera in the family Plantainaceae, of which Plantain is the largest, with about 270 species. There are 11 species on the mainland. The latest APG classification system incorporates some genera of some families such as Theophyllaceae into the Family Ofe, so the Family has now become a large family of 90 genera and 1700 species.
There are three common types of forewarfaces: flat front (Plantago depressawild.), plantago asiaticaL., and large frontals (Plantago majorL. ), the flat front is a straight root system, the main root is thick and long, and the lateral root is small; The plantain and the large plantain are whisker root systems, with a very large number of whisker roots. Flat front blades are flat or obliquely spread, relatively narrow, and the leaf veins are longitudinal; The front blades are obliquely extended or upright and relatively wide; The plantain plant is tall, with broader, thicker leaves than the first two, and blunt and rounded at the apex.
Zhou Changchun photographed at the Shunyi base of Beijing Fat Dragon Flower And Wood Horticulture Co., Ltd
Zhen Meimei photographed at the Shengshirunhe Nursery Base in Beijing
The flowers of plantain are relatively low-key, generally not noticed, in fact, if you look closely, it is also very beautiful, but the flowers are too small, you need to use a magnifying glass to see. The flower leaves (inflorescence shafts) are very long, and some can be up to 1 meter tall. Its inflorescences are spike-like, finely cylindrical. Have you ever observed its inflorescence axis, empty or solid?
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Fighting grass is a long-standing plant game, young men and women each take a piece of plant stem or leaf, after interlacing with each other, pull hard, whose plant is pulled off who loses. There are many plants used to fight grass, plantain is a grass fighting plant in early summer, and the custom of using plantain grass is described in the poem:
Poetry Sutra Zhou Nan Qian
Pick the mustard, pick the words.
Picking mustard, there is a lot of talk.
Pick the mustard, and say it thinly.
Pick the mustard, and make it up.
Pick the mustard, thin words.
Pick the mustard, thin words.
The amaranth here is the front of the car.
Although fighting grass is only a rural game, it has also influenced the course of history. It is said that Wu Wang Fucha and the great beauty Xi Shi often played with grass, resulting in the delay of state affairs, and finally being defeated by Gou Jian. At that time, the bucket grass used the penthouse (inflorescence stem in front of the car). Unexpectedly, the small front of the car also affected Jiangshan Sheji. Liu Yuxi has a satirical poem that reads: Shuitongshan Temple Shengge went, rode over the Hongqiao sword and sword. If the Wu King dou baicao, it is better to owe Xi Shi.
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Psyllium herbs are eaten in the same source and can be eaten or used as medicine. Plantain is cold and sweet, with diuretic and diarrheal, wet and anti-diarrhea, clear liver and eyes, expectorant cough, heat and detoxification effect. Because plantain is everywhere, it is widely used in the treatment of various diseases, the use is very simple, as long as you wash it and boil water to drink, some people dry the plantain and drink it directly. In addition to its medicinal value, it can also be eaten as an ordinary wild vegetable and is loved by many people.
The time when plantain is edible is usually the seedling period before the flower leaf is extracted. After the washed seedlings are lightly boiled in boiling water, they can be cold mixed, dipped, stir-fried, stuffed, soup or steamed with noodles. Once it enters the flowering and fruiting, the taste will be greatly reduced. Different parts of plantain have good medicinal value, and the whole herb can be medicated, including plantain, plantain inflorescence, psyllium root, and psyllium. With the continuous deepening of modern pharmacological research, it has been found that the flavonoids, polysaccharides, triterpenoids and other chemical components contained in plantain have anti-tumor, antioxidant and enhance cellular immunity. In the future, plantains may give humanity even greater surprises. However, everyone is reminded not to collect plantains in parks and on the side of the road. Be sure to buy safe and secure plantain from a regular place to eat it.
In recent years, there have been growing calls for a return to nature. Strong plantains were also treated with courtesy in the city and no longer removed as weeds. Plantains in the park or the bustling street greenery, showing their local nature. Ground covers are planted in a mixture of lianqian grass, or surrounded by gorgeous and enchanting flowers as a foil, and heavy makeup is suitable for light application.
Mango seeds
If the plants in Beijing happen to be your favorite, you are welcome to love nature and life to submit articles to us, photos and texts. Authors who are used to share on the capital landscaping public account will sign and receive exquisite souvenirs or remuneration. Submission email: [email protected], please indicate the name of the manuscript, the description of the picture (shooting location, time, species, etc.), author, contact information.
Text, image: Qin Helan
Photographed in The Parkland and the Beijing Academy of Landscaping Sciences
Typesetting: Sun Kai
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