Wen Shijun takes you to explore the mystery of the "ancient Shu Kingdom", the Ruins of Sanxingdui, why is it higher than the Chinese civilization?

In Nanxing Town, about 50 kilometers west of Guanghan City, about 50 kilometers from Chengdu, there is a "three-star village".

To its north are the Duck River and the GumaMu River. On the south bank of the Mamu River, there were originally three piles of loess piles above the ground, which were distributed like three gold stars in the boundaries of Sanxing Village, which is the famous Sanxingdui.

The excavation of the Sanxingdui site is one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of mankind in the 20th century. It not only opened the chapter of the mysterious ancient Shu kingdom, but also completely subverted the traditional prejudice that "the land of Siyi lagged behind the Central Plains".

In 1929, a farmer named Yan Daocheng in Guanghan County, Sichuan Province, stumbled upon a pit of jade tools while digging a ditch, but it did not attract attention at the time. Later, after the British missionary Dong Duyi learned the news, he found the local garrison and asked for protection.

In 1934, the archaeological team organized by West China University began excavations, but unfortunately they only excavated for 10 days before they concluded that it was a Han tomb and stopped studying.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, several excavations were organized in the 1950s and 1960s, but they eventually stalled for various reasons.

It was not until the 1980s that excavations at the Sanxingdui site were put on the agenda again, with rescue excavations carried out by the Sichuan Provincial Archaeological Team. A total of 18 house foundations and 4 tombs were excavated, and a large number of jade and bronze objects were excavated.

What is even more shocking is that the ancient city of Sanxingdui covers an area of 3.5 square kilometers, far exceeding the two capitals of the Shang and Zhou dynasties of Chinese civilization (Yanshi Shangcheng and Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty, both 2 square kilometers). It can be seen that the ancient city of Sanxingdui should be the site of the "Ancient Shu Kingdom".

Before the excavation of Sanxingdui, the ancient Shu kingdom only existed in historical materials.

The word "Shu" was first found in the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty, and it is recorded in literature that the Wu King fought the Battle of Makino in Shang, when the Shu people also sent troops to help.

In addition, in the Western Han Dynasty's "Benji of the King of Shu" and the Eastern Jin Dynasty's "Huayang Guozhi Shu Zhi", there are also records of the ancient Shu kingdom.

For a long time, the orthodox thinking of Huaxia has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, so many scholars have thought that the ancient Shu state should be the Fang state of the Shang Dynasty, but it can be seen from the excavated cultural relics or the scale of the city site that the ancient Shu civilization is far more than the Chinese civilization.

At present, the ancient Shu kingdom has been archaeologically confirmed, its upper limit of time is earlier than the Shang Dynasty, and the bronze civilization of the ancient Shu state is also more developed than that of the early Shang Dynasty, until the second period of Yin Ruins (about the reign of the Shang kings Wu Ding, Zu Geng, and Zu Jia), the bronze civilization of the ancient Shu state gradually declined.

The cultural relics excavated from Sanxingdui mainly include jade and bronze.

As a humanistic belief in the ancient period, jade has a shadow of jade in various Cultural Systems in China. Sanxingdui jade ware is mainly based on the bi and zhang of the day of the festival, especially the jade bianzhang known as the "king of the bianzhang", which is 159 cm long, 1.8 cm thick and 22 cm wide, and its processing is exquisite, the edges and angles are clear, and the body is engraved with ornaments, which is exquisite.

Such a large piece of exquisite jade is the only example among the existing archaeological discoveries in China. And the exquisite carving and ornamentation also exceeds the jade of many civilizations, and it is still a mystery to think about how the ancestors of 5,000 years ago realized such carving techniques.

There are many bronzes excavated from Sanxingdui.

The most representative are the bronze Da LiRen with a height of 2.62 meters, a bronze mask with a width of 1.38 meters, and a bronze sacred tree with a height of 3.95 meters. In addition, there are many gold objects represented by golden rods.

In particular, many bronze masks, almost all of which are thick eyebrows, large eyes, high nose bridge, wide flat mouth, the expression seems to be smiling rather than smiling, like anger rather than anger, and the appearance is very different from the Chinese people, but there are many similarities with Egyptian civilization.

As we all know, Egypt has unearthed the Tutankhamun Mausoleum, its tombs are mostly based on gold utensils, and the mask shape is very similar to the mask unearthed in Sanxingdui, so many scholars point out that the ancient Shu kingdom of Sanxingdui is likely to be a migrant of Egyptian civilization.

There is still no conclusive conclusion on this assertion.

According to Wen Shijun, the ancient Shu civilization is likely to be a manifestation of the pluralistic branches of Chinese civilization, and the ancient Shu civilization is very good at absorbing the diverse civilizations of the time, or has had cultural exchanges or trade with Egypt 5,000 years ago.

In the historical records, there are two important figures in the ancient Shu state: silkworm bushes and fish, who are the ancestors of the ancient Shu people.

Silkworm Bush was the first tribal leader of the ancient Shu people. Silkworm Bush originally lived in the "Minshan Stone Chamber" (said to be today's Mao County, Sichuan), and it was he who led the tribesmen to the Chengdu Plain.

Yu Ji was the third generation of ancient Shu kings, who unified the tribes and was the founder of the truly unified ancient Shu state.

Since then, the ancient Shu kingdom has established a brilliant civilization, and they are good at interacting with cultural exchanges of various ethnic groups, so they have obtained a superb civilization in a short period of time, surpassing Huaxia.

Regarding the origin of the ancient Shu kingdom, Li Bai wrote at the beginning of the "Shu Dao Difficulty": "Oh, the danger is high! Silkworm bushes and fish, the founding of the country He Dazed, Erlai forty-eight thousand years old, not with Qin Saitong people." It seems that the ancient people's view of the ancient Shu kingdom is also believed to originate from the two ancestors of "silkworm bush" and "fish".

So we can probably think of it this way: as early as 3,000 years ago, the ancient Shu kingdom had already had exchanges with foreign cultures such as West Asia and South Asia.

This kind of communication is not necessarily direct, it may be indirect communication through some intermediaries, but the ancient Shu kingdom was influenced by foreign cultures!

Regarding the demise of the ancient Shu state, scholars believe that there are mainly earthquakes, floods, and wars of the Westward Migration of the Ba people, which are not detailed here.

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