Recently, the domestic new crown epidemic has shown the characteristics of many points, wide coverage and frequent occurrence, and the situation of prevention and control is severe and complex. During the "May Day" holiday, people traveled to Qingqing, visited relatives and friends, leisure shopping, dinners and gatherings, and other frequent movements and gatherings, and the risk of the epidemic was further increased. Combined with the characteristics of the recent domestic epidemic, we need to adhere to the normalization of the prevention and control of the new crown and cooperate with the management of territorial prevention and control, do a good job of personal protection measures, do not go to foreign countries and domestic medium and high-risk areas, and reduce unnecessary inter-provincial long-distance travel.
With the gradual increase in temperature, the growth and reproduction of various pathogens are becoming more and more active, and intestinal infectious diseases such as bacterial dysentery and mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever will gradually enter the peak of epidemic. At the turn of spring and summer, people's outdoor activities increase, and the chance of contact with pets increases, which is also a high incidence of rabies. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to the prevention of rabies, bacterial dysentery, malaria and dengue fever.
1. Prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic during the holidays
At present, the new coronavirus Omiljung variant strain is undergoing a global pandemic, which has the characteristics of short incubation period, strong transmission force, fast transmission speed, and hidden transmission mode, which is the main reason for the recent increase in the proportion of asymptomatic infections in the country with many points, wide coverage, frequent occurrence and asymptomatic infection. Recently, the new cases of new coronary pneumonia in some neighboring countries and regions have grown rapidly, and the domestic epidemic has occurred in many places.
Prevention and control recommendations:
(1) Make a personal health declaration in advance. Before traveling, returnees from outside the province must make a personal health declaration through the "Guizhou Health Code" in advance, and hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours to enter Qian, and if they come to Guizhou by car, they must also register the vehicle information in advance. After arriving in Qianqian, in strict accordance with the epidemic prevention regulations of our province, we should actively cooperate with local epidemic prevention and control agencies to implement health declarations, nucleic acid testing, isolation and control, health monitoring and other epidemic prevention measures.
(2) Persons returning from overseas and medium- and high-risk areas. All are controlled in accordance with "14 days of centralized isolation + 14 days of home health monitoring + 12 nucleic acid tests". In accordance with the principle of "epidemic prevention first, then disposal", illegal smuggling personnel are controlled and controlled according to those who return to Qian from abroad.
(3) People returning to And from areas with serious epidemics. At this stage, it is controlled according to "7 days of centralized isolation + 7 days of home health monitoring + 5 nucleic acid tests". The Provincial Epidemic Monitoring, Control and Treatment Group and the Provincial Social Prevention and Control Group are responsible for timely studying and determining the scope of areas where the epidemic is serious, and adjusting control measures in a timely manner.
(4) The itinerary code is marked with an asterisk and within 14 days there are local infected persons who report from outside the province to Qianqian in the municipality where they are located. After arriving in Qianqian, the "five days and three inspections" measures must be implemented.
(5) Persons returning to Qian from land border port cities (except those connected to Ports of Hong Kong and Macao). It is necessary to return to Qian with a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours, and carry out another nucleic acid test within 48 hours after arrival; if there is no relevant certificate, the "three tests in five days" measures must be implemented after arriving in Qian.
(6) Persons returning to Qian from other low-risk areas. It is recommended to carry out another nucleic acid test within 48 hours after arriving in Qian, and if you do not have a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours, you must carry out a nucleic acid test nearby after arriving in Qian, and only after the negative result can you flow in an orderly manner.
(VII) Continue to adhere to the "three-piece set" of epidemic prevention (wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and paying attention to personal hygiene), and remember the "five also needs" of protection (masks should be worn, social distancing should be retained, coughs and sneezes should be covered, hands should be washed frequently, and windows should be opened as much as possible). Effectively enhance personal protection awareness, do a good job of self-health monitoring, and report, seek medical treatment, and self-isolate as soon as possible after the appearance of suspected symptoms of new crown pneumonia such as fever, sore throat, myalgia, and cough.
(8) Vaccination against the new crown virus is the most economical and effective means to prevent and control the new crown pneumonia epidemic, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of severe illness and death. At present, our province is orderly promoting the sequence and homologous enhancement of the new crown virus vaccine, the vaccination of the elderly and small age groups, and the people with vaccination needs can consult the local vaccination unit in an orderly manner as needed.
2. Rabies
Rabies is an infectious disease of animal origin caused by rabies virus infection, once the disease occurs, the case fatality rate is almost 100%, and the virus mainly invades the human body through broken skin or mucous membranes. Biting and scratching of dogs, cats and other animals infected with rabies virus are the most common routes of infection, and most of the clinical manifestations are specific phobia, water phobia, episodic pharyngeal muscle spasm, sweating and salivation. The incubation period for rabies is usually 2-3 months.
Prevention and control recommendations:
(A) management of the source of infection (mainly the management of dogs), the key to the prevention of rabies is to scientifically manage pets, families with pets should take the initiative to vaccinate pets in time, while keeping their pets in captivity, try to avoid contact between dogs and stray dogs or unowned dogs.
(2) When going out to walk the dog, dog chains, muzzles, dog cages, etc. should be used to control the range and behavior of the dogs and avoid the occurrence of incidents of dog injuries.
(3) Go to the medical institution as soon as possible for post-exposure standardized disposal, after being bitten and scratched by dogs, cats and other animals, first of all, use soapy water (or other weak alkaline cleaning agent) and a certain pressure of flowing water (such as water pipes) to alternately clean the wound for at least 15 minutes, and finally rinse the wound with normal saline to avoid the residue of soap liquid or other cleaning agents; after thorough irrigation, disinfect and apply dilute iodoboro, benzalkonium chloride or other skin and mucosal disinfectants with virus inactivation effect to disinfect or disinfect the inside of the wound. Follow your doctor's instructions and receive rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin.
3. Bacterial dysentery
Bacterial dysentery, abbreviated as "dysentery", is an intestinal infectious disease caused by dysentery bacillus. The incubation period for dysentery is generally 1-4 days. The main clinical symptoms are fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, mucus pus, bloody stool, etc. Patients and pathogen carriers are the main sources of infection. It is mainly transmitted by mouth after contaminating water and food with the patient's excrement, or by contact with life or through vectors such as flies. People are generally susceptible, and summer and autumn can cause epidemics.
Prevention and control recommendations:
(1) Pay attention to personal hygiene and develop the habit of washing hands before eating and after going to the toilet.
(2) Do not eat unclean food. Do not eat lettuce, raw melons and fruits should be washed. Infant milk or other dairy products should be boiled and disinfected, and no leftover milk should be eaten. Bottles and nipples are washed after use and boiled daily to disinfect.
(3) Do not drink raw water and do not eat spoiled food. Food should be fresh, and the kitchenware and food used to handle food should be separated from raw and cooked to prevent "disease from entering the mouth". Do not eat raw shellfish seafood, cook food to cook thoroughly before eating.
(4) Pay attention to fly prevention and fly control, and remove the surrounding garbage and other fly breeding places in time.
(5) Suspected symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.
(6) Persons suffering from dysentery must not participate in food processing and other related work.
4. Mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever
Malaria and dengue fever are infectious diseases that are mainly transmitted by mosquito bites. In recent years, with the frequent exchange of tourists, business and other inbound and outbound personnel, imported malaria and dengue fever in our province have led to an increased risk of local secondary transmission.
Prevention and control recommendations:
(1) It is necessary to regularly remove the remaining water such as water basins, tires, flower pots, and vases in front of and behind the house to reduce the breeding ground of mosquitoes.
(2) Avoid travel to dengue-endemic areas or malaria-endemic areas outside the country as much as possible.
(3) When living and working in dengue-endemic areas and malaria-endemic areas outside the country, it is necessary to strengthen personal protection and do a good job in preventing mosquitoes and eliminating mosquitoes. Wear long-sleeved clothes and pants when going out, apply anti-mosquito water and insect repellent to the exposed parts of the body, use mosquito nets, screen doors, screen windows, mosquito coils, etc. indoors to avoid mosquito bites, and use insecticide indoor residual spraying for vector control.
(4) When symptoms such as chills, fever, sweating, and rashes appear, you should seek medical treatment in time and take the initiative to inform your travel history.
(5) Medical institutions receiving fever patients returning from Africa and Southeast Asia shall be examined for malaria parasites.
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