The mention of the word "form" is reminiscent of Western art. The theory of "form" in China is the aesthetic of the so-called "Tao". "Form" is an artistic concept. The artistry of Chinese calligraphy is because it has a sense of formal beauty. Calligraphy is emoticonistic. If calligraphy wants to express its spiritual connotations, it must rely on its form. In this regard, Mr. Shen Peng put forward the statement that "calligraphy is pure form, and its form is content". As a factor in the expression of calligraphic forms, the study of the phenomenon of character groups in calligraphy cannot avoid the discussion and study of calligraphic forms, and "form research" is a prerequisite for "word group research".
The form of calligraphy refers to the shape of pen and ink and blank space and their combined relationship. Calligraphy is black and white art, white paper is divided by black ink lines, becoming the relationship between the figure and the bottom, so that the black pen and ink and white space come into view. "Form" has two parts: one is the shape of pen and ink and blank space, from the perspective of figure and bottom, the modeling elements of calligraphy have pen and ink shape and blank shape. There are two kinds of blank shapes: divided by pen and ink (passive) and subjectively pursued (active). The largest form composition is pen and ink and blank space, which have relative independence and have their own stylistic and aesthetic connotations. Therefore, when copying and creating, we must take into account both the shape and the combination relationship.
On the one hand, the modeling includes the pen and ink modeling of the dot painting and the knot, and on the other hand, the blank modeling (within the dot painting, within the single word, between the word and the word, within the word group, between the word group and the word group, between the row and the column and even the periphery). The combination relationship of modeling includes the combination between dot paintings, the combination between knots, the combination of word groups, the combination of glyphs, the combination of word groups, and even the combination of pen and ink and blank space. The combination relationship expands, and the aesthetic connotation is gradually enriched. "When the local and the local are combined, their own value is far greater than that of the original part. More importantly, after the combination of local and local, its sum is not only greater than the addition and the number being added, but also the magical relationship is harvested!
The form of calligraphy is divided into two parts: modeling and relationship, and the shape is objective and concrete, can be felt, and belongs to the surface form. The combinatorial relationship of the model is subjective and abstract, which needs to be understood by the viewer, and belongs to the deep form. Clive? Bell said in the book "Art": "Lines and colors form a certain form and a certain form in a special way, arousing our aesthetic emotions, the relationship and combination of these lines and colors, these touching aesthetic forms, become meaningful forms". The "meaningful form" consists of a superficial form and a deep form. Calligraphy is a synthesis of superficial forms (shapes) and deep forms (relationships).
The shape of pen and ink and blank space belongs to the surface form. It includes: the shape of the dot painting, the shape of the knot, the shape of the word group, the shape of the line, the shape of the area, etc. Collectively referred to as pen and ink, they are presented by black ink lines. In addition to this, there is a blank shape. The combinatorial relationship of the shape belongs to the deep form. All combinatorial relationships appear in the form of contrasts. The principle of combinatorial relationship is that the "harmony and difference" contrast relationship is actually a yin-yang relationship. As Cai Yong said: "The book of husbands originates from nature, nature is established, and yin and yang are born." "The more contrasts within the book, the richer the connotation of the work, the greater the contrast, and the stronger the visual effect."
It should be said that the more the contrast relationship, the richer the connotation, the greater the contrast, the stronger the visual effect is conditional, we are carrying out various "modeling" at the same time, there is a problem of "momentum". Therefore, as a calligraphy work, it is necessary to create different contradictions, and at the same time, it is necessary to deal with these contradictions harmoniously, only in this way can we create works of art with rich artistic language. A pair of contradictions can create an artistic language rich in musical rhythms.
How to organize and orchestrate these contradictions so that they are mixed up is the key to the problem. How can these contradictions be resolved so that they can be harmoniously unified? This involves "word groups". Although the rhythm of calligraphy is not as direct as the rhythm of music, it can be expressed and produced through a series of contradictions and their reasonable combinations such as size, retraction, thickness, wetness, virtual reality, denseness, correction, and continuous interruption, thus producing a sense of rhythm and rhythm. When organizing these contradictions, the "word group" acts as a unit of organizing these contradictions, making them rationally arranged, and achieving the integrity of the general chapter, and at the same time, according to the different writing habits of the main body of the book and the usual methods of handling contradictions, it will inevitably produce different rhythms and present different works, coupled with the influence of emotions in the writing process, different parts of the same work of the same bookmaker will also produce different changes.
In addition to the intervention of subjective factors, there are certain organizational rules for dealing with the arrangement of word groups and the different constituent factors within word groups, which belong to the component of writing skills and also belong to the rational side. The skill level will become more and more mature with the use of the bookmaker, and then the fire will be pure, and eventually it will reach the realm of entering the path from skill. The basic technique requires that the creation of any time can not avoid the problem, but the initial application will be blunt and difficult to grasp, but there must be subjective consciousness to dare to express and express clearly. "Word group" plays a leading role in the production of rhythm, plays an important role, sometimes because of the different causes of word group performance, resulting in different performance of the rhythm of life, different rhythm changes give people visual and psychological effect differences.