23 April marks the 27th World Book Day
When the world's capital of literature - Nanjing
Meet World Book Day
What kind of sparks will collide
Yesterday, it was broadcast on CCTV-1
Cultural special programs
Reading Nanjing, China
An answer will be given to this question
Lead us to explore the Chinese context together
Experience the world's capital of literature
Ancient book restorer on the show
From Jian Ye
They are for us in front of the screen
Display of ancient books
Repair and protection work
Wake up flowing in our bloodstream
Cultural genes
Xu Jixiang, who has been engaged in the restoration of ancient books for nearly 20 years after 85, is now the technical leader of the Mochou Secondary School Ancient Book Restoration Center.
Walking into a restoration center is like walking into a large handicraft workshop. Since the center was completed in 2005, it has undertaken the restoration of more than 10,000 cultural relics from all over the country, including national first-class cultural relics.
Xu Jixiang introduced that in her restoration work, what impressed her most was the restoration of the national first-class cultural relics Wu Xu archives.
Wu Xu was a member of the Qing Dynasty's Erpin Dynasty, and there are more than 100,000 pieces of Wu Xu archival historical materials in the Nanjing Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum. Xu Jixiang said that these archival historical materials have a variety of categories, including recitals, letters, examination questions, etc., and the specifications and sizes and texture and color of the paper are different, which has brought great difficulties to the restoration work.
▲Before repair
▲After repair
Officially launched on September 10, 2009, they spent two years to restore nearly 3,000 ancient books that had been bitten by insects and moths due to poor storage.
Of course, there are also things that cannot be repaired. Once someone sent an ancient book, all the paper was frozen together, after cooking still could not solve the problem, Xu Jixiang resolutely gave up. She remembered what her teacher had said, "I'd rather not cultivate than easily cultivate", and fixing hard without knowing what the reason would only cause more harm to the book. Their work ethic in this line of work is: pieces of paper can not be lost.
In addition to 18 full-time restorers, the school's ancient book restoration center will also invite industry experts to guide according to the workload and complexity, and attract young teachers and senior students to participate.
Xu Jixiang's other identity is the main teacher of the paper heritage restoration class, in order to let the students better integrate what they have learned into practice, she will let the senior students participate in the restoration work of the center.
A faint smell of paste, a crisp hammering sound, a subtle paper turning sound... Walking into the paper cultural relics restoration class of Mo Shuo Secondary School is like coming to a handicraft workshop, and time seems to slow down.
"I will first introduce the theory to the students, what are the ancient books, what are the damages, and so on. Before touching the paper, students must first observe the restoration pictures, learn to make tools such as screwdrivers, tweezers, pulp bowls, and master the skills of traditional paper copying. Xu Jixiang said.
Students learn paper literature restoration
In 2001, Mochou Secondary School opened the ancient book restoration major for the first time in the country, and Qiu Xiaogang, an expert in the restoration of ancient books in the library of Nanjing University, served as the chief teacher of the paper cultural relics restoration class. "There are many existing ancient books on the mainland, and a large number of them need to be restored, but the practitioners of ancient book restoration have been in high numbers of years." Qiu Xiaogang introduced that in addition to the usual restoration of ancient books, Qiu Xiaogang has also put a lot of energy into the cultivation of ancient book restoration talents, and in his opinion, this matter cannot be postponed.
Teacher Qiu Xiaogang gave a lecture
As the first batch of students qiu Xiaogang taught, Xu Jixiang relied on his solid theoretical knowledge and exquisite skills to be hired by the Ancient Books Department of Nanjing Library after graduation.
However, when she learned that there was a shortage of ancient book restoration teachers in Mochou Secondary School, Xu Jixiang, who was in a period of career advancement, accepted the invitation of her alma mater, resolutely gave up the high-quality promotion channel, comfortable working environment, and generous salary and remuneration of the original unit, and devoted herself to the professional construction and education and teaching work of her alma mater, and jointly cultivated restoration talents with her mentor.
"While technology is evolving, some things are non-renewable. Ancient books will surely receive more and more attention. Unfortunately, fewer and fewer young people like this line of work. I hope that I can cultivate more disciples to come out, so that more ancient books can be restored, and more ancient books can be seen. This is Xu Jixiang's wish.
"Ancient book restoration technology, in the past, was inherited by master and apprentice, orally taught, since 2001, Mo Shuo Secondary School took the lead in the country to open a three-year secondary school ancient book restoration major, ancient book restoration gradually embarked on the road of formal education and training." Xu Jixiang introduced.
Zhu Guomei, principal of Mochou Secondary School, introduced that in 2001, the school opened the ancient book restoration major for the first time in the country. At first, the school was worried about the professional cold. Unexpectedly, the first year of the secondary school class opened to enroll 22 people, and after many years it has been a popular major for candidates. Three years later, the school upgraded it to a five-year consistent higher vocational class in order to integrate theory and practical courses more comprehensively.
Calligraphy and painting restoration class
Engraving and printing class
Ceramic restoration class
In 2017, Nanjing Municipality established the Nanjing Intangible Cultural Heritage Professional College on the basis of Mo Shuozhong. Wang Yan, vice president of Mo Shuo Secondary School, introduced that the courses of cultural relics restoration, art design and marketing offered by the college correspond to the protection and inheritance, development and utilization, popularization and promotion, respectively, which constitute the three major sections of intangible cultural heritage education in vocational schools.
Now, many scholars and restoration experts from the Nanjing University Library, the Nanjing Library, the Nanjing Museum, and the Second Historical Archive of China have successively entered the classroom to teach students in this major.
Teacher Zhang Yonglin of Guangling Engraving and Printing Society gave a lecture
Nanjing Yunjin Zhou Shuangxi Studio teachers taught
Teacher Zhao Shuxian, the non-hereditary inheritor of Nanjing velvet flower, gave a lecture
After graduating from the class of 2012, Wang Kang entered the Jinling Scripture Engraving Office and has become a municipal non-hereditary inheritor;
Li Yaoyao, a 2013 student, is now engaged in paper literature restoration at the Nanjing Museum.
……
In the past 20 years, Mochou Secondary School has trained nearly 1,000 intangible cultural heritage professionals, of which more than half are still active in this industry, with footprints all over the country, becoming an important force in non-genetic inheritance and protection.
"The intangible cultural heritage professionals cultivated by vocational schools are young at a young age and have a long training time, which complement the professional talents cultivated by universities, enterprises and institutes, and many students have a place to go before graduation, and the employment rate is nearly 100%." Zhu Guomei introduced.
Ancient books are precious cultural heritage and spiritual treasures, and those who guard them are lovely and respectable.
Let's praise them together and thank them for guarding our culture.
Source: Jian Ye Broadcast