Xing Huina (Photo by Liu Jian)
Xing Huina, deputy director of the Information Bureau of the Information Office of the State Council and press spokesperson:
Dear friends from the media, good morning! Welcome to the press conference of the Information Office of the State Council. Today's press conference mainly introduces the operation of the agricultural and rural economy in the first quarter of 2022 and answers questions of interest to everyone.
Present at today's press conference were: Mr. Zeng Yande, Chief Agronomist and Director of the Department of Development Planning of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Mr. Pan Wenbo, Director of the Department of Crop Industry Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Mr. Yang Zhenhai, Director of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Ms. Chen Ping, Head of the Department of Marketing and Informatization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Next, I would like to give the floor to Mr. Zeng Yande for a briefing.
2022-04-20 10:00:26
Zeng Yande (Photo by Xu Xiang)
Zeng Yande, Chief Agronomist and Director of the Department of Development Planning of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:
Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good morning! Today is the valley rain in the twenty-four solar terms, and the agricultural proverb says that "planting grain during the rainy season of the valley is busy", marking the spring ploughing and spring sowing into the key season. Here, I would like to briefly introduce the operation of the agricultural and rural economy in the next quarter.
Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has resolutely implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech and important instructions, and in accordance with the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, coordinated the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and spring agricultural production, especially strengthened the emergency supply of "vegetable basket" products and the transfer and transportation of agricultural materials, to ensure market stability and the smooth development of spring ploughing production. At the same time, efforts will be made to consolidate and expand the results of poverty alleviation, solidly and orderly promote key tasks such as rural development, rural construction, and rural governance, and the overall operation of the agricultural and rural economy in the first quarter is stable. It is mainly manifested in the following six aspects:
First, the progress of spring sowing in spring pipes is generally good. This year, the situation at home and abroad is extremely complicated and severe, and it is extremely important to stabilize grain production. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has persistently regarded the seizure of a bumper grain harvest throughout the year as the primary task, and with the attitude of fighting a war against the tide of the water and with extraordinary and super strength, it has tightened its grip on the rings and grasped the spring ploughing production without falling behind, and grain production has maintained a good momentum. The summer grain production situation is better than expected. Last year, when the north suffered a rare autumn flood in the autumn and winter planting, after many arduous efforts, the winter wheat area was the same as that of the previous year, but the seedling situation was the most complicated and the worst in the past decade. After the beginning of spring, all localities vigorously grasped the transformation of the weak into strong, and promoted the transformation and upgrading of winter wheat seedlings. At present, the proportion of winter wheat first and second type seedlings is 87.9%, an increase of 17.4 percentage points over the pre-winter period, 3.7 percentage points lower than the same period last year, the growth trend is basically the same as that of the perennial year, and there is a basis for seizing a bumper summer grain harvest. Spring ploughing preparations are progressing smoothly. According to the dispatch of agricultural conditions, the intended planting area of spring sown grain this year is 940 million mu, an increase over the previous year. At present, the spring sown grain has exceeded 20%, the early rice has been planted 70%, and the northeast rice has been raised by 70%, all faster than last year. The implementation of soybean oil expansion is better. This is a hard task for agricultural production this year. At present, the implementation of the national soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project has been launched, and the soybean oilseed expansion target task has been implemented to provinces, cities and counties.
Second, the supply of "vegetable basket" products is guaranteed. Strengthen the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system, highlight the market supply during the Winter Olympic Games, the Winter Paralympic Games and the Spring Festival, and make every effort to ensure the supply of "vegetable basket" products. Pig production capacity returned to the normal range. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, at the end of the first quarter, the national stock of fertile sows was 41.85 million, equivalent to 102.1% of the normal ownership of 41 million heads. Pork production was 15.61 million tons, an increase of 14% year-on-year. Cattle, sheep and poultry and fishery production have developed steadily. Beef, mutton and poultry production increased by 0.3% year-on-year, milk production increased by 8.3% and domestic aquatic product production increased by 2.5%. The supply of vegetables was generally stable, and the area of vegetables in the field increased by nearly 3 million mu year-on-year. The level of quality and safety is stable and good. The pass rate of routine monitoring of agricultural product quality and safety has been stable at more than 97.5%, and the cumulative number of green, organic and geographical indication agricultural products has reached 62,000.
Third, the achievements in poverty alleviation have been continuously consolidated. Highlight the industrial employment in poverty-alleviated areas and promote the stable increase in income of the poverty-alleviated population. Cultivate advantageous and characteristic industries, guide poverty alleviation areas to prepare and implement characteristic industrial development plans, support the development of the whole industrial chain and supporting infrastructure construction, and stabilize the release of microcredit for the poverty alleviation population. As of the end of March, 28 provinces across the country issued 19.1 billion yuan of new microcredit this year, supporting 435,000 households to develop production. Promote the employment and income of the people who have been lifted out of poverty, carry out point-to-point, one-stop return to work services, and 27.73 million migrant workers have been lifted out of poverty, achieving 91.85% of the annual stable employment target task.
Fourth, the development momentum of rural industries is good. Continue to expand the multiple functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and accelerate the development of rural industries that enrich the people. The agricultural product processing industry is stable and improving. In March, the PMI index of the national key leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization was 50.3%, 0.8 percentage points higher than that of the manufacturing industry in the same period. In the first quarter, the added value of the national agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 6.4% year-on-year. New industries and new formats remain stable. During the Spring Festival and Winter Olympics, going to the countryside for the New Year, tasting food, traveling in ice and snow, and enjoying spring flowers has become the first choice for urban and rural residents to vacation. The growth rate of online retail sales of agricultural products is expected to be about 10%. The employment and entrepreneurship situation of migrant workers is relatively good. By the end of March, the employment rate of migrant workers returning to their hometowns had exceeded 80%. The development of industrial agglomeration has been solidly promoted. This year, new arrangements will be made to build 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 advantageous industrial clusters, and 200 strong agricultural industrial towns, creating a number of industrial development highlands.
Fifth, all work such as rural construction should be carried out in an orderly manner. Solidly carry out rural construction. Printing and distributing the implementation plan for rural construction actions, and promoting all localities to strengthen the construction of inclusive, bottom-up, and basic people's livelihood. Steadily promote the improvement of the rural living environment, organize the implementation of the spring campaign of the village cleaning action, and promote the upgrading of the village from clean and tidy to beautiful and livable. Continue to deepen rural reform. Steadily and prudently promote reform tasks such as the rural contract land and residential land system, and cultivate and expand new types of agricultural business entities. At the end of March, there were more than 3.8 million family farms and 2.22 million farmers' cooperatives. There are 955,000 agricultural socialization service organizations, covering about 38.4% of small farmers in the country. Actively expand investment in agriculture. Accelerate the construction of key projects such as high-standard farmland and cold chain logistics, and expand diversified channels for agricultural investment. In the first quarter, the fixed asset investment of the country's primary industry was 252.2 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8% year-on-year.
Sixth, peasant incomes continue to maintain the momentum of growth. Persist in taking multiple measures at the same time to broaden the channels for increasing peasants' incomes. In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 5778 yuan, and the actual growth rate after deducting price factors was 6.3%, which was 2.1 percentage points higher than the growth rate of urban residents' income. The total amount of rural migrant labor force and the wage level achieved double growth, the total amount of migrant labor reached 178 million people, an increase of 2.2% year-on-year, and the average monthly wage reached 4436 yuan, an increase of 5.9% year-on-year.
Generally speaking, the agricultural and rural economy maintained a steady momentum of development in the first quarter, providing strong support for the overall situation of economic development and social stability. It should also be noted that the current development of the agricultural and rural economy is still facing many difficulties and problems, highlighting the sharp fluctuations in the international grain market prices, the high price of agricultural materials, the increase in the pressure on farmers' incomes, and the impact of the epidemic on agricultural production and circulation order in some areas. In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will, in accordance with the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, coordinate epidemic prevention and control and agricultural production, continue to grasp the key tasks of supply assurance, connection, fishing ban, construction, key points, and reform, firmly adhere to the two bottom lines of ensuring national food security and not returning to poverty on a large scale, and strive to ensure stable agricultural production and increased production, steady increase in farmers' income, and stable and peaceful rural areas, and greet the victory of the party's 20th National Congress with practical actions.
Thank you. Next, my colleagues and I would like to answer your questions.
2022-04-20 10:14:04
Xing Huina:
Thank you. I would like to welcome your questions, and please inform your news organization before asking questions.
2022-04-20 10:16:34
Xinhua Reporter asks questions (Photo by Liu Jian)
Xinhua News Agency:
My question is that in the first quarter, farmers' incomes achieved rapid growth, but the spread of the epidemic also brought a lot of uncertainty to farmers' employment and income. In the next step, what measures will the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs take to ensure that farmers increase their income? Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:18:44
Zeng Yande:
Thank you for your question. Promoting peasants' income increase is a central task in agricultural and rural work. This year, with the joint efforts of various localities and departments, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the first quarter was 5778 yuan, an actual increase of 6.3% after deducting price factors, which was 2.1 percentage points faster than the growth rate of urban residents. This achievement is not easy to come by. There were two factors for the rapid growth of farmers' incomes in the first quarter, one was that migrant workers returned to their hometowns for the spring festival and brought back cash, which increased wage income. The other is that the overall market price of agricultural products has remained stable and increased, increasing the income of household operations.
Judging from the current situation, there are still many difficulties and problems in promoting the sustained increase of peasants' incomes. For example, the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic has had a certain impact on the employment of farmers going out to work and the sales of agricultural products. Then there is the continuous rise in the price of agricultural materials, which has greatly increased the cost of agricultural production, which also affects farmers' incomes. Judging from the work, the next step is mainly to take some more targeted measures to stabilize the good momentum of increasing peasants' income. Highlight the following aspects:
First, develop rural industries to promote income growth. This is an important part of our efforts to increase farmers' incomes. At the same time, it is necessary to base ourselves on rural resources, expand the multiple functions of agriculture, tap into the diversified values of rural areas, promote the combination of agriculture and tourism, develop rural leisure tourism, and increase peasant income. In addition, we must also actively develop rural e-commerce, promote agricultural products out of the village and into the city, so that agricultural products can be sold and sold well, especially to strengthen the development of characteristic industries in poverty-alleviated areas, accelerate the short board of technology, facilities, marketing, and talents, and promote industrial upgrading, quality and efficiency.
Second, promote the employment of peasants and stabilize jobs. At present, wage income accounts for more than 40 percent of peasants' income. In the next step, on the issue of promoting the employment of farmers, we will focus on two aspects: One is to promote local employment nearby. This includes the development of rural industries mentioned above, the absorption of farmers' employment, but also the development of modern agricultural industrial parks in rural areas, as well as the construction of advantageous characteristic industrial clusters, strong towns in agricultural industries, high-standard farmland construction, farmland water conservancy, and rural human settlement environment improvement, so that farmers can find employment at their doorstep. In addition, we must also use some public welfare posts to guide the poverty alleviation labor force to do a good job in flexible employment. The other is to guide migrant workers to work. In the first quarter, the scale of migrant workers reached 178 million, which is still good in the case of the epidemic this year, but the growth rate has slowed down. In the next step, we will work with relevant departments to increase the skills training of migrant workers, especially the poverty alleviation labor force, strengthen employment guidance services, give play to the role of the east and west labor cooperation, private enterprises "ten thousand enterprises and ten thousand villages" and other support systems, improve the quality of migrant workers to work outside the home, stabilize employment, and continue to increase income.
Third, promote rural entrepreneurship and expand channels. This is a new growth point for farmers' income, and at present, there are more than 11 million people returning to their hometowns to start a business. According to comprehensive calculations, a return-to-home entrepreneurship project can absorb an average of 6 to 7 farmers for stable employment and 17 flexible employment. Therefore, we will continue to do a good job in this regard to guide farmers to continue to increase their income. Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:18:58
Red Star News reporter asks questions (Photo by Liu Jian)
Red Star News Reporter:
On April 18, the National Bureau of Statistics released data showing that pork prices fell by 41.8% in the first quarter. What kind of countermeasures does the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have to stabilize pork prices and promote the development of pig production industry? Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:29:11
Yang Zhenhai (Photo by Xu Xiang)
Yang Zhenhai, Director of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:
Thank you. Like everyone else, you are very concerned about the pig industry, which is related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Let me introduce the situation from the aspects of production and price.
From the perspective of production, in 2021, mainland pig production has recovered to the perennial level, affected by the growth of production inertia, pig out of the barn in the first quarter of this year continued to increase, but the production capacity was further optimized. In the first quarter, 195.66 million pigs were produced, an increase of 14.1% year-on-year. Fertile sows have been able to retract to normal holdings for 9 consecutive months. Just now, The chief teacher zeng has said that at the end of the first quarter, the national stock of fertile sows was 41.85 million heads, equivalent to 102.1% of the normal ownership of 41 million heads, which is in the green and reasonable area of capacity regulation.
Judging from the price situation, the price of live pigs in the first quarter generally declined. In February and March, pigs fell into losses. Recently, under the combined effect of factors such as the increase in pork consumption during the Qingming holiday and market regulation, pork supply and demand have improved. In late March, hog prices ended with a 16-week continuous downward trend and stabilized and recovered. On April 19, the average price of live pigs in the main producing provinces was 12.85 yuan per kilogram, up 1.34 yuan from the stage low on March 18. However, the current pig breeding has not yet turned a loss into a profit, and a loss of 327 yuan per pig in March is 153 yuan more than in February.
In view of this situation, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has successively held symposiums and departmental coordination meetings for pig breeding enterprises, intensively released production early warning information through mainstream media and professional platforms, urged all localities to implement pig production capacity regulation and control plans, and opened hotlines in a timely manner to help farm households solve production and marketing and circulation difficulties. In the next step, we are ready to do three things:
The first is stable production. Strengthen monitoring and early warning, guide farm households to reasonably arrange production, supervise and urge all localities to stabilize support policies, rescue farm households, and prevent excessive decline in production capacity. At present, pig breeding enterprises and slaughtering and processing enterprises have encountered temporary operational difficulties, the capital chain is relatively tight, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Commerce, the Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission 6 departments have issued documents, requiring that loans should not be arbitrarily restricted, loans cut off, and loans drawn.
The second is to prevent epidemic diseases. Guide all localities to comprehensively promote the "joint prevention of two epidemics" of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and major animal diseases, orderly promote the centralized immunization of major animal diseases in spring, continue to do a good job in the normalization of the prevention and control of African swine fever, and implement key prevention and control measures such as monitoring and inspection, cleaning and disinfection. What needs special emphasis is that all localities should make overall plans for the prevention and control of animal diseases and strictly prevent the superposition of the two epidemics.
The third is to smooth the blockage. In view of the problem of obstruction of the transportation of feed, veterinary drugs and livestock products in some areas due to the prevention and control of the epidemic, the role of the coordination mechanism between the ministry and the province has been brought into play, and every effort has been made to help farm households solve problems and maintain normal production and marketing order.
Our team of experts predicts that with the continuous accumulation of various favorable factors such as the high number of newborn piglets and the decline in feed costs, pig breeding in the third quarter is expected to achieve a turnaround, but uncertainties still exist. I also hope that the majority of farm households here should not only strengthen their confidence, but also eliminate the sows that can breed too much, but also follow the trend to produce fat pigs, and not blindly press the fence.
Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:29:56
Questions from reporters from China Rural Magazine (Photo by Liu Jian)
China Rural Magazine reporter:
The new crown pneumonia epidemic has affected spring ploughing production in different places to varying degrees, what is the current situation of spring ploughing? Next, what countermeasures will the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs take to ensure spring ploughing production? Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:36:51
Pan Wenbo (Photo by Xu Xiang)
Pan Wenbo, Director of the Department of Plantation Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:
In fact, you are mentioning two questions, one is about the current progress of spring ploughing, and the other is the impact of the epidemic on spring ploughing production.
The first question is about the progress of spring plowing. Just now, Chief Master Zeng also said that today is exactly the valley rain, "rain gives birth to a hundred grains", after the valley rain, there will be more agricultural activities, and spring ploughing will enter the peak. This year, spring ploughing production was grasped early, tightly, and solidly, and planning began before the Spring Festival. After the spring, one variety after another, one region after another, one link after another deployment arrangements, we have successively held summer grain wheat field management, expansion of soybean oilseeds, stable corn and rice production and other meetings, to coordinate the promotion of fertilizers, especially potash fertilizers and other agricultural materials supply. The overall arrangement of grain production funds, coupled with the early rejuvenation of spring, high temperatures, and good soil moisture, this year's spring ploughing production has made a good start. The area of grain cultivation intended by peasants has increased, and the progress of spring ploughing has generally been relatively smooth. Taking the progress of spring sowing, according to the dispatch of agricultural conditions, as of april 19 yesterday, the national spring sown grain area has reached 199 million mu, completing 21.2%, 1.3 percentage points faster than the same period last year. The early rice planting in the south has been planted by 70%, and the area is expected to increase a little; the rice seedling breeding in the northeast has been completed by 74.2%, 2.4 percentage points faster, and the corn and soybeans have begun to be sown in a large area around the "May Day".
The second question is the impact of the epidemic on spring plowing. The current epidemic situation is multi-faceted and wide-ranging. Many places reflected, including media friends to local interviews, learned that due to the epidemic control caused by the flow of personnel in local areas, the transportation and marketing of agricultural materials and the circulation of agricultural products were blocked, spring ploughing production was affected to a certain extent. But in our analysis, the impact is local and the impact is limited. The main reasons are as follows:
First, this round of epidemic is mainly concentrated in cities, and everyone may also be concerned that the overall stability of rural epidemic prevention and control, farmers work in the field, personnel do not gather, the risk is still relatively small.
Second, the hem of agricultural materials is generally normal, at present, the preparation for spring ploughing has entered the end, the progress of seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers has passed 90%, and the overall supply is guaranteed.
Third, the order of agricultural production in key epidemic-related areas is gradually being restored. For example, in Jilin, the hem of agricultural materials in Jilin has basically arrived at the store, and at present, the rice seedlings in Jilin Province are nearing the end, and some areas are already rushing to sow corn. There is also Shanghai, Shanghai's grain output of about 1.9 billion jin, mainly medium rice has about 1.5 million mu, most of them began to breed seedlings in mid-to-late May, and began to plant seedlings in early June, the epidemic mainly affected about 30,000 mu of "National Day rice", that is, early maturing medium rice varieties, this seedling may have a little impact, but by taking the exchange of varieties or sterile seedlings, direct direct direct broadcasting can also make up for and remedy it.
However, frankly speaking, due to the simplification of epidemic prevention and control in some places, "one size fits all", layer by layer, it has indeed caused inconvenience to farmers going to the fields, agricultural machinery on the road, agricultural materials, and farmers returning to their hometowns to work in agriculture. We have also been paying close attention to these problems, and in the early stage, we have issued a notice to coordinate the prevention and control of the epidemic and do not miss the spring ploughing and prepare for farming, and put forward eight measures for prominent problems. In late March, the leaders of the ministry led a team to Jilin to guide rural epidemic prevention and control and spring ploughing production, and are still working in Jilin and have not returned. At the same time, our ministry has set up a special class for agricultural materials to guarantee supply, set up a hotline and a WeChat public account, and solved the difficulties and problems encountered by the peasant masses in spring ploughing production point-to-point.
It should be said that the current time is the most difficult time for epidemic prevention and control, and it is also the most critical time for spring ploughing production. Be sure to grasp both hands and be hard. We will continue to work with relevant departments to study and formulate specific measures for spring ploughing and epidemic prevention, such as guidelines and guidelines, implement differentiated prevention and control measures for grading and classification, effectively open up "card points" and "blocking points", accelerate the progress of land preparation and sowing, and improve the quality of sowing. In particular, give play to the role of new business entities and social service organizations, through the whole process of trusteeship, link trusteeship, joint farming, substitution of farming, etc., to help small farmers and farmers affected by the epidemic to plant the land, to ensure that the agricultural time is not delayed for a day, to ensure that the farmland is not abandoned, and to complete the spring sowing task with high quality and high standards.
Here, I would like to emphasize that under the leadership of the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council, we will work with relevant departments to make overall plans for epidemic prevention and control and spring ploughing production, consolidate local territorial responsibilities, and seriously investigate the responsibilities of relevant localities and personnel in accordance with laws and regulations for the serious obstruction of spring ploughing production, the transfer of agricultural materials and agricultural machinery, and the supply of "vegetable basket" products due to increased numbers of layers, simple and rough, and ineffective work. Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:37:03
Question from a reporter from China Daily (Photo by Liu Jian)
China Daily reporter:
This year is the fifth year of implementing the rural revitalization strategy, and the central government has also clearly proposed to further promote the rural revitalization strategy. What results have been achieved in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy? What are the work considerations for this year? Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:46:57
Zeng Yande:
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a major decision and deployment made by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In the past five years, all localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making and deployment of the party Central Committee and the State Council, adopted a series of effective measures, and orderly promoted the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and made positive progress.
First, the supply of grain and other important agricultural products is stable, grain output continues to be stable at more than 1.3 trillion jin, and the supply of other important agricultural products is sufficient. Second, the decisive battle against poverty has achieved a comprehensive victory, the results of poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded, and the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale has been maintained. Third, the development of rural industries has been accelerated, the channels for farmers' employment and income increase have been continuously broadened, and the ratio of urban and rural incomes has narrowed from 2.71 in 2017 to 2.5 in 2021, and the gap is narrowing. Fourth, rural construction has been steadily advanced, infrastructure has been significantly improved, social undertakings have accelerated development, and the appearance of rural areas has undergone great changes. Fifth, rural society has maintained stability and tranquility, breakthroughs have been made in rural reform, and the level of rural governance has steadily improved.
At present, the focus of the "three rural areas" work has shifted to comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, with a wider scope, higher requirements, and heavier tasks. In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will conscientiously implement the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, comprehensively promote the revitalization of rural industries, talents, culture, ecology, and organization, strengthen overall coordination, strengthen policy support, increase supervision, implement one by one, promote one region after another, and pragmatically promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy to make new progress. From the perspective of work, there are mainly three aspects:
First, focus on the key points and keep two bottom lines. These are two hard tasks, one is to make every effort to ensure the stable production and supply of grain and other important agricultural products, and to guard the bottom line of ensuring national food security. In this regard, the focus is to implement the strategy of hiding grain in the local area and hiding grain in technology, and also to build a guarantee mechanism supplemented by benefits and supplemented by righteousness, promote the mechanization of production and the socialization of services, and ensure that grain output remains above 1.3 trillion kilograms. The other is to make every effort to consolidate and expand the results of poverty alleviation, keep the bottom line of no large-scale return to poverty, focus on improving the monitoring and support mechanism to prevent poverty return, and timely implement targeted assistance measures. Develop industrial employment to promote income growth, implement the key support and support policies for counties, and promote the sustainable development of poverty alleviation areas.
Second, strengthen overall planning and promote the implementation of the three key tasks. First, it is necessary to solidly promote rural development. The focus is on the development of rural industries. Focusing on the agricultural product processing industry, we will build a whole industrial chain of agriculture, focus on leisure tourism, and expand the multiple functions of agriculture and the diversified value of rural areas. Focusing on rural e-commerce, smooth the channels for the commercial and trade circulation of agricultural products, and promote the development of rural industries to stabilize the foundation and improve efficiency. The second is to solidly promote rural construction. Deeply implement rural construction actions, continuously improve the rural living environment, deeply promote the green development of agriculture and rural areas, and achieve a steady pace and quality improvement of rural construction. The third is to solidly promote rural governance. Strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas, improve the level of rural governance, promote rural reform in the new stage, promote rural social stability and tranquility, and steadily increase peasant incomes.
Third, improve the mechanism and build a pattern of joint efforts to promote rural revitalization. Learn from the experience and practices of innovative poverty alleviation, and establish a set of effective rural revitalization promotion mechanisms. The first is to improve the responsibility implementation mechanism. Formulate implementation measures for the responsibility system for rural revitalization, refine the responsibilities and tasks of various departments, and strengthen the responsibility of the secretaries at the five levels to grasp rural revitalization. The second is to improve the assessment and supervision mechanism. Carry out the performance appraisal of provincial party and government leading bodies and leading cadres to promote rural revitalization, and establish a monitoring and evaluation system for the progress of rural revitalization. The third is to improve the element guarantee mechanism. Cultivate and introduce talents in shortage in rural areas, strengthen the guarantee of land use, accelerate the establishment of a diversified input guarantee system for rural revitalization, and steadily increase the proportion of land transfer income used in agriculture and rural areas. The fourth is to improve the social mobilization mechanism. Improve the east-west coordination and fixed-point assistance mechanism, deeply implement the action of "ten thousand enterprises and ten thousand villages" for private enterprises, establish a commendation and reward system, and stimulate the initiative and creativity of all sectors of society to participate in rural revitalization.
Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:47:53
Cover reporter asks questions (Photo by Liu Jian)
Cover Reporter:
At present, some vegetable varieties in some areas with serious epidemics have increased significantly, and the supply pressure of fresh agricultural products is relatively large, how to strengthen the supply of "vegetable basket" products in these areas? Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:53:42
Chen Ping (Photo by Xu Xiang)
Chen Ping, head of the Department of Market and Informatization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:
Thank you very much for your attention to the issue of "vegetable basket" product supply. The production supply and market operation of vegetables in the mainland are relatively strong seasonal. According to the perennial law, after the Spring Festival, as the temperature rises and the amount of vegetables on the market increases, the price will generally fall seasonally. This spring, the price of vegetables has fallen more slowly than usual, mainly due to the combination of unfavorable weather, rising costs and the new crown pneumonia epidemic.
At present, the production base of the country's "vegetable basket" products is still relatively solid, and the total amount is sufficient. In early April, the area of vegetables in the field on the mainland was about 74 million mu, an increase of nearly 3 million mu year-on-year, and the output was about 19.3 million tons, an increase of more than 1 million tons year-on-year. The total supply of meat, eggs, milk, fish, fruits and vegetables is sufficient, which can fully meet the consumption needs of urban and rural residents. Due to the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in many places some time ago, some areas have encountered problems such as difficulty in harvesting fields and inadequate logistics and distribution, and the supply of "vegetable basket" products in some areas has been affected. Our ministry will act quickly with relevant departments to timely dispatch the production and supply situation of 36 large and medium-sized cities, organize key agricultural product wholesale markets to do a good job in joint supply, strengthen the coordination of member units of the inter-ministerial joint meeting on food management of "vegetable baskets", and earnestly grasp the stable production and supply of "vegetable basket" products.
In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will work with relevant departments to focus on five aspects of work. The first is to strengthen the production of "vegetable basket" products. Rationally arrange the varieties of vegetables at the ripening stage and the stubble on the market, promote the development of fast-growing leafy vegetables and sprouts in large and medium-sized cities, and increase market supply. Ensure the normal order of transportation and marketing of livestock and poultry and aquatic products out of the pond, smooth the supply and transportation of breeding livestock and poultry (seedlings), feed, etc., and the transfer of bee breeding, and guide large-scale business entities to carry out mutual assistance and cooperation, exchange labor, and ensure production and harvesting.
The second is to promote the smooth circulation of "vegetable basket" products. Supervise and urge all localities to implement the work requirements for ensuring the smooth flow of freight logistics, and include agricultural products such as grain and oil, vegetables, fruits, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products into the scope of key guarantee materials for normalized epidemic prevention and control, and give priority to the issuance of unified national passes. For agricultural product transport vehicles with green asterisks on the communication itinerary card of drivers and passengers and entering and leaving epidemic-related areas across provinces, on the basis of holding a pass and meeting the requirements of epidemic prevention, they must not arbitrarily restrict passage and persuade them to return without authorization.
The third is to strengthen the supply of "vegetable basket" products in key areas. Promote the establishment of "vegetable basket" product transfer stations, connection areas or distribution yards in closed areas as soon as possible, and adopt methods such as "substitution without changing cars" and "one car and one sanitize" to solve the problem of cross-regional transportation. Implement the "white list" management mode of communication itinerary cards, and on the basis of strictly implementing measures such as health monitoring and nucleic acid testing, truck drivers and passengers entering and leaving the closed areas of the whole territory are not isolated in principle. Restore the functions of circulation nodes such as wholesale markets and community vegetable stores as soon as possible, and strengthen community distribution guarantees.
The fourth is to do a good job in the production and marketing docking of "vegetable basket" products. Promote the establishment of stable production and marketing cooperation between large and medium-sized cities and major production areas, organize wholesale markets, supermarkets and other entities to directly connect with production bases, stabilize the supply of goods, and smooth production and marketing. Resolutely crack down on hoarding, price gouging, malicious speculation and other behaviors.
Fifth, the compaction of the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system. Give play to the role of the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system assessment baton, take the response to the epidemic to ensure the supply as an important assessment content, and promote the supply of the "vegetable basket" to ensure supply, smooth circulation, stabilize the market, and ensure the adequate supply of the "vegetable basket" products. Thank you.
2022-04-20 10:53:54
Questions from the first financial reporter (Photo by Liu Jian)
First Financial Reporter:
As a large agricultural province, the epidemic in Jilin has lasted for a long time, will it affect spring ploughing and spring sowing, and then affect grain production? In terms of stabilizing the large granary in northeast China, what measures will the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs take? Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:01:33
Pan Wenbo:
Thank you for your question. Jilin is a major grain producing province and an important commodity grain base, with a grain output of about 80 billion kilograms, which is crucial to ensuring national food security. Jilin is a one-season crop area, and if you miss the farm, you miss a year. The grain in Jilin is mainly corn, rice, and some soybeans, generally March and April are the preparation stage, and rice begins to be planted in a large area around the Time of the Qingming Dynasty, that is, around April 4-5, and is planted in a large area in mid-May. Corn was sown in mid-to-late April, and the sowing peak entered around May Day, and soybeans were sown a little later than corn. Let me introduce you to the agricultural time in Jilin Province.
As we all know, the epidemic in Jilin mainly occurred in March, and the current social situation has been cleared, and the order of production and life is gradually restored. Judging from the arrangement of agricultural hours and agricultural activities, the main impact of the epidemic in Jilin is the preparation for spring ploughing. Jilin Province reflected, including from the interview of media reporters learned that in the early stage, due to the control of the epidemic, some places in Jilin vehicle restrictions, closed villages and roads, agricultural materials transportation and sales hems, as well as farmers to prepare the land, agricultural machinery on the road operations to varying degrees of obstruction, especially some farmers stranded in the city can not return to their hometowns, the progress of spring ploughing is indeed slower than usual. For example, we monitored that at the end of March, the hem rate of fertilizer in Jilin was only about 68%, which was 12.7 percentage points slower than the same period last year.
In view of the impact of the epidemic on the spring ploughing production in Jilin Province, it is very important from top to bottom. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has taken many extraordinary measures to help Jilin solve difficulties and problems. First, in mid-to-late March, the leaders of our department led a team to Jilin to guide the prevention and control of the epidemic in rural areas and spring ploughing production. Second, our ministry has set up a special class for agricultural materials to ensure supply, set up a telephone for agricultural materials to ensure heating lines, and a WeChat public account to help solve the problems of "blocking points" and "card points" such as the hem of agricultural materials and farmers going to the field in a timely manner. We counted, from the setting up of the hotline, we received a total of 1167, has been transferred to the local 1121, the remaining part of the consultation policy, we will directly answer. The third is to coordinate relevant enterprises to donate some epidemic prevention materials to Jilin Province.
Jilin Province has also adhered to the principle of both epidemic prevention and spring ploughing, and has adopted a series of strong measures to promote spring ploughing and preparation. At present, the order of spring ploughing production in Jilin has been restored better than expected, and 231,000 peasants stranded in other places have returned to their hometowns, and some of them have returned to their hometowns when they planted land, and usually live in the county seat, but most of them have now returned. The seed hem has basically arrived at the household, and the fertilizer to the household rate is 97.6%, which is 0.6 percentage points faster than that of the same period last year. In the later period, the road was not sealed or controlled, the road was opened, and the agricultural materials arrived at the household. Rice seedlings are basically coming to an end, about 12 million mu of rice in Jilin, most of which are planted in mid-May, the seedling period is about a month, and the preparation progress delayed in the early stage is basically snatched back. At present, most areas are promoting straw leaving the field, some of the straw is still in the field, and now the straw is accelerated from the field, the land is prepared for ploughing, some have begun to rush to sow corn, and spring ploughing production is about to enter the peak. We communicated with the agricultural and rural departments of Jilin Province, and they said that if the epidemic does not repeat, they have the confidence and determination to ensure that the grain production tasks and spring sowing tasks issued by the state this year are completed as scheduled.
Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:02:01
China County Economic Daily reporter asked questions (Photo by Liu Jian)
China County Economic News reporter:
According to the pig product information released on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, from June to October 2021, the net profit per free-range pig and large-scale breeding pigs was negative, and the loss amount exceeded 330 yuan per head. What is the reason for the loss? During this period, what role did the counter-cyclical regulation mechanism of pig production play? Last year's breeding efficiency was not satisfactory, how will it affect the supply and price of live pigs this year? Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:07:19
Yang Zhenhai:
Affected by multiple factors such as long pig production cycle, short preservation time of fresh pork, and lagging market spontaneous adjustment, it is indeed difficult to match pig production and market perfect matching, and it is difficult to avoid phased losses, which is often the case in some countries where the pig industry is more developed. In June 2021, the national pig production was fully restored half a year in advance, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs began to issue an early warning of pig overcapacity to the society, but the pig production was still increasing inertia, coupled with the obvious decline in pork consumption compared with the pre-new crown pneumonia epidemic, the pork supply was oversupplied in stages, and pig breeding suffered losses. I have just briefed you on some of the situation. However, in the whole year of 2021, according to the weighted average of each month's output, each pig still has a profit of 564 yuan, which is not the same as everyone's feeling. The whole country calculates the big account, the pig was still profitable last year, and the overall profit is still profitable.
In order to stabilize pig production, in September 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Pig Capacity Regulation and Control Implementation Plan", which filled the policy gap of counter-cyclical adjustment at the production end, provided a more detailed "instruction manual" for the implementation of capacity regulation responsibilities at different levels, and clearly put forward the regulatory vane of 41 million fertile sows in the country, as well as the production capacity regulation path of "short-term fattening pigs, medium-term piglets, and long-term sows". From November 2021, monitor the number of fertile sows in each province (autonomous region, municipality) every month and give feedback in a timely manner. For individual provinces where the number of fertile sows is significantly lower than the normal number of sows, we urge them to take effective measures to increase the breeding of fertile sows. Our aim is to mitigate production and price fluctuations by stabilizing the base capacity.
Through more than half a year of practice, capacity regulation has achieved some results. The stock of fertile sows has been adjusted back to normal ownership for 9 consecutive months, and it has been in the green and reasonable range of capacity regulation for 5 consecutive months. The green reasonable range we set is 95% to 105% of 41 million heads. As of the end of March, in accordance with the requirements of capacity regulation, all localities have announced the establishment of 12,000 national and provincial pig production capacity regulation bases, and the pig output of the regulation base accounts for one-third of the total number of pigs produced in the country. At present, the above-mentioned bases are maintaining a reasonable level of breeding sow inventory in accordance with the requirements, playing an active role in stabilizing pig production capacity, which is also a new attempt for us.
We've just made some predictions, and I'll repeat them. With the continuous accumulation of various favorable factors such as the high number of newborn piglets and the high decline in feed costs, as long as the policy of stable support, the prevention of animal diseases, and the smooth circulation blockage, pig breeding in the third quarter is expected to turn around losses and achieve profitability. However, there are still uncertainties in pork consumption, import and export, etc., and we also hope that everyone will still produce in accordance with normal production laws, do not press the fence, and do not excessively eliminate sows that can breed, and maintain the stability of production. Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:07:30
Questions from reporters from The Rural Television Network (Xu Xiang photo)
Reporter of Agricultural Television Network:
At present, it is the busy season of spring ploughing and spring pipes, and the price of domestic fertilizers has gone all the way up due to the increase in the price of international raw materials. How is the agricultural materials market operating this year? What measures will the state take to ensure the use of fertilizer for spring ploughing this year? Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:11:05
Chen Ping:
Thank you very much for your attention to the operation of the agricultural market. Ensuring the supply and stable price of agricultural materials such as spring ploughing fertilizers is directly related to the stability of grain production. According to the forecast of the relevant industry associations, the total demand for chemical fertilizers during spring ploughing this year is about 39.8 million tons, which refers to the physical quantity, and the total supply of chemical fertilizers is 48.3 million tons, which includes production, inventory and imports, and the total supply of chemical fertilizers is guaranteed. With the gradual development of spring ploughing, various localities have increased the supply of agricultural materials, and the rate of chemical fertilizers in place has steadily increased, which can meet the demand for fertilizer for grass-roots spring ploughing. Just now Director Pan also said that at present, driven by the sharp rise in international fertilizer prices and the rising cost of raw materials such as domestic anthracite coal and sulfur, fertilizer prices continue to run at a high level, the supply of some varieties is tight, and the price increase is relatively large. In March, the average ex-factory prices of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and compound fertilizer increased by 36.6%, 13.7%, 83.9% and 43% respectively year-on-year. In addition, the current prices of pesticides and diesel are also significantly higher than the same period last year.
In order to do a good job in ensuring the supply and stable price of chemical fertilizers in spring ploughing this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, together with 11 departments and units such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, recently issued a circular requiring all localities and relevant central enterprises to start from the production, supply, storage, and marketing of chemical fertilizers, and take multiple measures to ensure the supply of chemical fertilizers and the smooth operation of the market. In the early stage, the central government issued a fund of 20 billion yuan to issue a one-time subsidy to the actual grain farmers, to alleviate the impact of the rise in the price of agricultural materials, stabilize the peasants' income from growing grain, and mobilize the peasants' enthusiasm for production.
In the next step, we will continue to work with relevant departments and units to pay close attention to the market situation of spring ploughing agricultural materials, actively promote enterprises to improve the utilization rate of production capacity, give full play to the role of reserve regulation, smooth the transportation and distribution channels of chemical fertilizers, increase the transportation and marketing of goods in key grain-producing areas and areas with strong demand for chemical fertilizers, vigorously promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers, effectively serve spring ploughing agricultural production, and consolidate the foundation for a bumper grain harvest throughout the year. Thank you
2022-04-20 11:11:19
Farmers Daily China Rural Network reporter asked questions (Xu Xiang photo)
Farmer Daily China Rural Network reporter:
Summer grain is the first battle in grain production this year, and affected by last year's rare autumn floods, the winter wheat seedling conditions are relatively poor, and all aspects are also attached great importance to it. What is the current situation of summer grain wheat production? Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:20:29
Pan Wenbo:
As we all know, the main body of summer grain is winter wheat, which is an important ration. Last year, affected by the rare autumn flood, winter wheat was sown late, and the seedling conditions before winter were relatively poor, and everyone was very concerned. At present, most of the winter wheat has entered the stage of pregnant ear extraction, and a little earlier in the southwest, it has begun to be filled, and a large area of harvesting has begun around june 1. Just now, Chief Master Zeng has already talked about the situation on the surface, and I would like to add a little specific situation here.
Judging from the dispatch of agricultural conditions and the situation reflected in various localities, the transformation of summer grain and wheat seedling conditions is better than expected, and there is still a basis for seizing a bumper harvest. This is mainly based on two points of judgment: one judgment is that the sown area is basically stable, last autumn and winter after many efforts, tried all kinds of methods, winter wheat was basically planted, including the "soil cover" without seedlings, the area was basically stable at 336 million mu. Coupled with the increase in the area of other summer harvest grain crops such as spring wheat, potatoes and beans, we expect that the area of summer grain this year will increase slightly. This laid the foundation for a bumper harvest.
Another judgment is that the transformation and upgrading of seedling conditions is much better than expected, and in the face of special difficulties and special problems in wheat production, it is very hard from top to bottom. For example, the central government has urgently arranged 5 billion yuan of funds for wheat to promote weakness and strength, which has not been done for many years, and after the two sessions of the National People's Congress, it has arranged a one-time subsidy of 20 billion yuan for actual grain farmers. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs formulated as early as possible a work plan and technical guidelines for resisting disasters and achieving a bumper harvest, dispatched more than 100 cadres of organs and 200 technical personnel to form a working group and a scientific and technological detachment, and to package the provincial parcels to sink to the front line to guide the field management of late-sown wheat. In addition to people's efforts, God also helps. This year, everyone also felt that most of the winter wheat area happened to encounter a warm winter, coupled with several rains before winter and this spring, the soil moisture is good, which is conducive to the transformation and upgrading of wheat seedlings and growth and development. According to the dispatch of agricultural conditions, the current proportion of winter wheat one or two seedlings is 87.9%, an increase of 17.4 percentage points over the pre-winter period, 3.7 percentage points less than the same period last year, and basically the same as the perennial growth trend. This lays the foundation for a bumper harvest.
We grasp agricultural production, harvest a day less than hand, the heart is not steady, the work is not relaxed for a day. At present, there are still more than 40 days before the large-scale harvest of wheat, and it is still necessary to pass through the thresholds of diseases and insect pests, "dry and hot winds", lodging, "rotten rain", etc., and it is necessary to pass five levels and cut six generals to seize the bumper harvest.
At present, it is a critical period for the prevention and control of wheat stripe rust and gibberellosis, we will strengthen the monitoring and early warning of diseases and insect pests, organize all localities to implement the prevention and control strategy of "reconnaissance with medicine, find a point, and prevent and control a piece" of wheat stripe rust, and implement the prevention requirements of "hitting flowers when seeing flowers, and then fighting again" for red mold diseases, especially in areas where the epidemic is sealed and controlled, and it is impossible to go to the ground to prevent and treat diseases and insects, we must rely on local plant protection professional service organizations to carry out unified prevention and control, emergency prevention and control, and must not let the epidemic delay the timing of prevention and control, causing the outbreak and spread of diseases and insect pests. At the same time, we will guide all localities to do a good job in wheat field management in the middle and late stages, especially the implementation of the technical measures of "one spray and three defenses" of wheat, and attack the number of grains, increase the weight of grains, and increase yield. It is also necessary to prepare for cross-regional machine harvesting in time, wheat will begin to be harvested around June 1st, and it is necessary to overhaul and repair the machinery as soon as possible, organize and train the machine hands, and ensure that the granules are returned to the warehouse.
Here I will report on the problem of insufficient food, which is of common concern to everyone. As we all know, our country's grain harvest has been bumper for many consecutive years, and last year's total grain output hit a record high, reaching 1,365.7 billion kilograms, and the per capita grain share of our country is 483 kilograms. The output of the two major rations of rice and wheat is 699.6 billion kilograms, and the per capita share is 248 kilograms. And what is our per capita food consumption? Less than 200 kilograms, these 200 kilograms are raw grain, not finished grain. The per capita share is 248 kg and the per capita consumption of rations is 200 kg. It can be seen that it is certain to ensure the safety of rations, we still have this confidence, and we must have a number of fundamentals in our hearts. At present, the state's grain stocks are relatively abundant, especially the two major varieties of rice and wheat are the bulk of the stocks; in addition, the situation of summer grain and wheat production this year that I just talked about has turned better and better, and just now Master Zeng also said that this year's spring ploughing production has made a good start, so the ability to prevent risks is still very strong, no matter how the international situation changes, we have the ability to keep the rice bowl of the Chinese stable and firm, and hold it in our own hands. Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:20:40
Beijing News reporter asked a question (Xu Xiang photo)
Beijing News reporter:
What is the current situation of agricultural and rural investment? What are the next considerations for expanding investment in agriculture and rural areas? Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:24:30
Zeng Yande:
Since the beginning of this year, the situation of agricultural and rural investment has been good. We have counted that the fixed asset investment in the primary industry of the country increased by 6.8% in the first quarter, but we also saw that the growth rate of investment slowed down due to the decline in pig prices and the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. In order to stabilize the growth momentum of agricultural and rural investment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the State Rural Revitalization Bureau recently jointly issued the "Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas (2022)", guiding all localities to give full play to the leverage role of fiscal and industrial policies, attract social capital investment and serve rural revitalization.
In the next step, the agricultural and rural departments will strengthen cooperation with relevant departments and actively expand agricultural and rural investment. From the perspective of work, there are mainly three aspects:
First, consolidate and expand financial input. This is very important, focusing on the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" agricultural and rural development plan, in the field of high-standard farmland, agricultural product storage and preservation cold chain logistics facilities, rural construction and other fields, the launch of a number of major projects. At the same time, it is also necessary to further increase the proportion of land transfer income used in agriculture and rural areas.
Second, increase credit fund support. This is a very important part of agricultural and rural investment now, focusing on the implementation of the requirements of the new loanable funds of rural small and medium-sized financial institutions that year, mainly for local agricultural and rural development, and promoting financial institutions to increase credit for rural revitalization. Normalize and promote the credit through train for new agricultural business entities, optimize the mechanism of rewarding and compensating farmers, and guide more first loans and credit loans.
Third, guide social capital investment. It is mainly to encourage large enterprise groups to go to the main grain production areas and the advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products, establish high-quality raw material production bases, lay out processing capacity, and promote agricultural transformation and upgrading. Standardize and orderly promote models such as government-capital cooperative operation, guide social capital to participate in modern breeding, rural human settlement environment improvement and other fields, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results between social capital and farmers. Thank you.
2022-04-20 11:24:56
Xing Huina:
That's it for today's press conference. Thanks to the four publishers, and thank you to all the media friends!
2022-04-20 11:25:14