Recently, many areas in the north began to heat up, local areas even exceeded 30 degrees, other provinces and cities have different degrees of heating, air conditioning will soon become a "life-sustaining artifact" for many people. And accustomed to air conditioning, if we leave the air conditioner in the summer, it is simply fatal, and some people say that "the life of the summer is air conditioning" to give, so in the ancient times without air conditioning, how did they give themselves a summer escape?
The world's first air conditioner was invented by Willis Carrier in 1902, and there is no doubt that the advent of air conditioning has brought good news to people all over the world and changed the history of human cooling since then. However, as early as the ancient times when there was no air conditioning, how did people carry the heat of the heat? Ancient times were not affected by the greenhouse effect, will it be cooler than now?
Ancient people did not have air conditioning, how to carry the high temperature?
Modern society due to human activities to increase the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as the burning of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide, methane and other gases emitted, so that the earth has a greenhouse effect. In ancient times, there were no such things, coupled with the low level of pollution and the increase in vegetation coverage, should it be cooler than now?
In fact, this is not the case, according to the mainland modern meteorologist Zhu Kezhen through the study of Chinese historical documents found that in the mainland in the past five thousand years, the beginning of the two thousand years (that is, from the Yangshao culture era to the Henan Anyang YinXu era), the average annual temperature at that time was about 2 ° C higher than now. In the next three thousand years, the temperature also generally hovered around 2 to 3 degrees, basically there was not much change, which shows that in fact, ancient times were also very hot.
And in ancient times, through the wisdom of the ancients, even without air conditioning, they came up with ways to cool down and escape the heat:
One is the summer resort
Taking the more recent Qing Dynasty as an example, in order to solve the problem of extreme heat, the emperor would usually spend huge sums of money to purchase summer resorts, such as the more famous Chengde Summer Resort. For the emperor, this mountain villa still has many political significance, but only from the perspective of the summer resort, this mountain villa is undoubtedly a place where many dignitaries and nobles are fascinated.
From the Qing Kangxi to the Qianlong period, chengde mountain resort took a total of 78 years to completely complete, of which the lake is surrounded, the cool breeze, with the help of natural forces, and the surrounding hot environment formed a clear contrast, the temperature can be about 5 degrees lower than the surroundings.
The summer resort belongs to the royal garden, and it is basically impossible for non-royal people to go to the cool, so the general dignitaries have come up with a good way to use local conditions to build their houses into a simple version of the "summer garden", the same lake water and cool breeze, but also have a different flavor.
In addition to the special vestibule backyard pattern, the artificial water cooling system is also an indispensable key, the water cooling system is the use of the specific heat capacity principle of water, so that the water wheel to drive the water flow, the water flow in the removal of heat at the same time, but also can bring cool air, in order to achieve the role of reducing the ambient temperature.
The second is to renovate the house
For some ordinary people, it can be said that it is very difficult to find a cool place to escape the heat, and there is not enough money to build a "summer garden", so people choose the most common way to cool off, and use the way to build a pergola to avoid direct sunlight and play a role in summer escape.
In addition, there is a kind of digging a basement, people found that the temperature of the basement is much lower than the superstructure, based on this layer of consideration, in ancient times, many families will drill a hole in the ground of their own church house. This hole is very deep, the inside is equivalent to a deep well, there will be a lid on it, and after the lid is opened, there will be cold air coming out from below in the summer, which is equivalent to an ancient "air-conditioned room", and in the winter, it will come out of the heating.
The third is to chisel the ice to cool down
The mainland has ice cellars since the Zhou Dynasty, ice cellars are built in the shade, generally 4-5 meters underground, people in the winter will take out the ice in the river and put it in the ice cellar, and then use straw and reed mats to lay pads, put the ice on it and then use leaves and other things as insulation materials, wait until the cellar is sealed and so on in the summer to take it.
In ancient times, in addition to storing ice cubes in ice cellars, there was also a bronze vessel called "Ice Jian", that is, the ancient "refrigerator", which was a bronze set composed of a Fang Jian and a Fang Zun Miao, which was larger. There are two layers inside and outside, after the outer layer is placed on the ice cube, the lid can be opened to feel the cool air, and the ancients often used the inner layer to ice wine, but the ice book is a luxury item, not everyone can use it, basically only the royal family and nobles can use it, so what about people who do not have a "refrigerator"?
Fourth, the mind is calm and naturally cool
As the saying goes: the heart is quiet and naturally cool, this sentence is not unreasonable, people without "refrigerators" in the hot summer, in the face of unbearable heat, ancient literati inkers will use their own poems and paintings to cool off. For example, Bai Juyi's "Summer Poetry" means to find an open courtyard to sit in the courtyard, feel the breeze with a peaceful attitude, and gradually heat up and cool down.
There is also the Ming Dynasty painter Qiu Ying's "Bamboo Wu Summer Map", a close view of the distant mountains, green bamboo upright, two people in the bamboo forest sit opposite each other, talking, with the help of the natural environment, let people integrate into the green trees and green bamboo, experience the real "calm and natural cool".
In addition, there are many ways to cool down and cool off, such as wearing some lighter clothes, sleeping with bamboo tubes, etc., I have to say that the ancient people in order to resist the summer heat had to be amazed, even if there is no air conditioning, people can still live a dashing life.
Well, I'm here today, pay attention to the passers-by, have heard the guests say, we'll see you next time.