"Seeking to reach the truth": Li Dazhao's concept of cadre education

Published:2019-05-24 Source:Learning Times

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　　Li Dazhao attached great importance to the guidance and education of the Contingent of Marxist Theory and the Contingent of Revolutionary Practice, and with his personal practice and vigorous promotion, he successfully cultivated a large number of backbone forces and leading figures for the Chinese revolution.

　　Propaganda speeches, propaganda and education of cadres with revolutionary ideas

　　Almost everywhere Li Dazhao went, he would take time out to go to the campus, to the factories and mines, and to the grass-roots level to vigorously propagate patriotic and progressive ideas and Marxism. In 1917, the Tianjin youth organization patriotic lecture invited Li Dazhao to give a lecture on "Greater AsiaTicism" in the auditorium of the Dongma Road Youth Association. On November 29, 1918, Peking University held a lecture conference in Central Park (later renamed Zhongshan Park), and Li Dazhao gave a lecture entitled "The Victory of the Common People". On September 3, 1922, he was invited to give a speech on youth issues at the Zhonghua Vocational School, calling on young people to unite and carry out anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggles. In April of the following year, he gave a lecture on "Historiography and Philosophy" at Fudan University. From April to November of this year, he gave three lectures to the masters and students at Shanghai University. From "Evolution and Progress" encouraging young people to establish a Marxist view of history, to "socialist doubts" to expound the essential attributes of socialism, and then to the "Introduction to Historiography" to explain the methodology of historical materialism, Li Dazhao's lectures are always so in-depth and simple, enthusiastic, and extremely popular with students.

　　Anyone who has listened to Li Dazhao's speech will be deeply moved by Li Dazhao's tireless teachings. Chen Yi called Li Dazhao "tireless in self-study and diligent in teaching others." Lin Boqu said that Li Dazhao "if the great wisdom can solve the puzzle, the small words are like flashing the first fax." Mao Zedong was even more impressed by Li Dazhao, calling him a "real teacher."

　　Lectures were given at the pulpit to guide the backbone of young people on the revolutionary road

　　Li Dazhao attached importance to instilling Marxism in young people in lecture halls. During his teaching at the Beijing Women's High School and other schools, he used the legal forum system to introduce Marxism to students, and taught courses such as "History of Historiography and Thought" and "Essentials of Historiography" in the Department of History, "Socialism and Social Movements" in the Department of Economics, and "Socialism" in the Law Department. In the Department of Political Science, he cooperated with Professor Chen Qixiu to hold the "Lecture on Modern Politics" and opened the "Research on the Materialist View of History". The "materialist view of history", "history of social movements", "socialism and social movements", "sociology", "history of historiography and thought", "history of feminist movements" and other contents he taught are the first topics that run through historical materialist thought in the history of modern Chinese education.

　　At that time, Li Dazhao's reputation among young people was extremely high, and many young people regarded him as their mentor and guide, and many people came to Beijing from thousands of miles to ask him for advice. He always introduced the path of Marxism-Leninism and the "October Revolution" in earnest, enthusiastically, and sincerely, and inspired them to throw themselves into the working people, "join the labor organizations," transform China and transform themselves; at the same time, he warned them of what is the ideal, what is the revolution, what should be done and what should not be done, and how to "taste the sweetness of youth, bathe in the grace of youth, and continue the career of youth." Under the guidance of his education, many young people embarked on the revolutionary road and became the backbone of the revolution, such as Bo Yibo, Li Chuli, Fang Zhongru, Yang Yichen, etc. all listened to his teachings.

　　Form a society and make it the cradle of educational cadres

　　At that time, the youth association gathered advanced elements among the youth, and Li Dazhao attached great importance to the ideological education of the youth on the platform of the community activities, and strived to promote the youth association to become the cradle of the growth of the early communist intellectuals. The Young Chinese Society, founded by Wang Guangqi, Li Dazhao and 7 others, lasted for 7 years and had more than 100 members, among whom Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Deng Zhongxia, Yun Daiying and others later became famous LEADERS of the CPC. In March 1920, Li Dazhao, Together with Deng Zhongxia, Gao Junyu and others, conceived the establishment of the "Max (i.e., Marx) Theory Research Society", also known as "Kang Mu Yi Zhai", the Communist Chamber, Li Dazhao was an advisor, and held many special studies, academic speeches, debates, etc. Many young people accepted Marxism under his influence, and some of them became famous activists in the early days of the Communist Party of China, such as Gao Junyu, He Mengxiong, Zhu Wushan, and so on.

　　In addition, there are many societies such as the Shinchosha, kookmin magazine, journalism research society, philosophy research society, and civilian education lecture group. Li Dazhao and these groups are united, with his position as professor and mentor, to meet friends with literature, to explore, to guide the activities of these groups, to give these groups a profound impact. Through the gathering and scattering of a group of young intellectual elites at Peking University, Li Dazhao unleashed light and heat exponentially, becoming the mentor of a generation of young people and the founder of the CCP organization. When Mao Zedong entered Beijing in 1949 and saw the ancient capital city walls, he said with infinite emotion: In Beiping, he met a very good person, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao. With his help I became a Marxist-Leninist. He is my true teacher, and without his guidance and teaching, I would not know where I am today!

　　Lead party schools and train educational cadres to devote themselves to revolutionary practice

　　At the beginning of December 1920, the Beijing Party organization decided to establish a labor school in Changxindian, located at No. 1 Ancestral Hall Entrance, Changxindian Town Street, to propagate Marxism and cultivate the backbone of the workers' movement, and Li Dazhao was one of the main teachers who taught at the school. In cram schools, teachers use popular language and vivid examples to explain why workers suffer and are poor, why they are organized, how foreign workers struggle against capitalists, how trade unions and political parties are organized.

　　Around 1924, Li Dazhao deeply felt the importance and urgency of training cadres. In December, after attending the Fifth Congress of the Communist International, he returned to Beijing, and after consulting with Comrades Zhao Shiyan and Peng Jianhua of the Beijing Party Organization, he decided to establish a party school with the public registration name of "Beijing Vocational Tuition School". After the meeting, a formal written report was submitted to the Central Committee, and He luo Yinong was asked to preside over the work. The central authorities approved the report. In the autumn and winter of 1925, when the Party School of the Northern District Committee of the Northern District Committee was established in a two-way courtyard in Jiang Yangfang Hutong, Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, Li Dazhao attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech, expounding on the current excellent situation of the revolution and the tasks of the party school, and encouraging the trainees to seize the time and work hard to learn revolutionary skills, so as to prepare for the fiery revolutionary battlefield after graduation and contribute to the party's cause.

　　In addition, at the beginning of 1926, the Party School of the Northern District Committee of the CPC held a training class, which was attended by Communist Party members and members of the Communist Youth League. He also led the Northern District CPC Committee to set up a military movement working group, promoted the holding of training classes for party members and activists who applied to the Whampoa Military Academy, and sent Wang Ruofei and Xuan Xia's father to open military schools respectively, thus making great progress in the party's work of cultivating military talents. Under the direct leadership of Li Dazhao, Yu Shude and An Ticheng, teachers of Tianjin Beiyang Law and Politics College, founded the first workers' school in Tianjin, the Tianjin Workers' Residual School. These measures have played a role in promoting and promoting the training of educational cadres, and have indeed fulfilled the original intention of cultivating leading talents hoped by the central authorities and promoted the development of the party's revolutionary cause.

　　They were selected to study and paid attention to improving the skills of workers, peasants, and military cadres

　　Li Dazhao called on young students and intellectuals to carry out work among the masses of workers and peasants, to integrate with the masses of workers and peasants, and to encourage young people with lofty ideals to leave their families and parents to temper themselves among the working masses. At the same time, to instill a new modern civilization into society from the bottom, that is, to instill Marxism in the masses of workers and peasants. He earnestly pointed out to the youth, "The realm of cooking smoke and hoeing shadows, and the realm of chickens and dogs smelling each other, is the place where you can settle down and live." In particular, during his leadership of the northern party organizations, he sent young party members to the grass-roots level to go deep among the people, trained a number of young cadres with both political integrity and ability for the Communist Party of China, and also educated and tempered a group of backbone cadres and leaders who met the needs of the revolution.

　　Li Dazhao led the Northern District Committee to support the revolution in the south and trained and transported a large number of cadres to the revolutionary movement in the south. Under his vigorous impetus, many cadres were selected to study political theory at the Peasant Movement Training Institute in Guangzhou, the Wuhan Peasants' Lecture Institute, The Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, and the Eastern Communist Labor University; more than 50 Communists were selected to study at the Whampoa Military Academy; and some cadres were assigned to study military affairs at the Wuhan Branch of the Central Military and Political School, the Northwest Army Cadre School in Zhangjiakou, the Leningrad Military Academy, and other academies and universities. The foundation was laid. Many of them, such as Liu Zhidan, Wang Yifei, Li Yunchang, Zhang Zongxun, etc., later grew up to become senior generals in the people's army.

　　With his great Marxist embrace, the courage of "shouldering morality with iron shoulders," and the educational style of "seeking truth," Li Dazhao has made historic and outstanding contributions to the education and training of party cadres; just as Comrade Xi Jinping said at the commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Li Dazhao's birth: "Comrade Li Dazhao is a true revolutionary, and his great personality and lofty demeanor will forever be recorded in the annals of the revolutionary struggle between the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people." ”