Presumably, the fans of "Daming Palace Words" will not forget the repeated occurrence of different men such as Princess Taiping and Xue Shao in the play, playing shadow puppet plays together.
Stills from "Daming Palace Words"
In the shadow puppet play, this beautiful and extraordinary mulberry girl is also the heroine in the story of "Qiu Hu Drama Wife".
The mainland sericulture industry has a long history, and under the traditional agricultural economic conditions, the division of labor between male and female weavers is clear. Women's activities in mulberry picking are a common and common scenario. The figure of the hard work of the sangsang girl first appeared in the "Book of Poetry", and there are more than twenty related contents.
Like the lotus-picking woman, it is a very important image of a working woman in ancient literature. Legend has it that the famous Xiang Yin Yi and the sage Confucius were both born in the mulberry forest.
But why did Qiu Hu's wife, an anonymous and nameless mulberry girl, be able to rely on her husband's name to pass on for thousands of years and become a famous figure in traditional culture such as literature, opera, and masonry portraits?
The story of "Qiu Hu's Wife" in the Han Dynasty masonry portrait
01.
It may be better to start with Liu Xiang's "Biography of the Daughters of the Column" of the Western Han Dynasty. Lu Qiu Jie Woman", telling the story of Qiu Hu's wife.
Lu Guo's Qiu Hu was only five days old, and he went to Chen Guo to seek a future. It wasn't until five years later that he returned home to visit his family. When he was almost home, he saw a very beautiful mulberry girl on the side of the road, so he got out of the car and went to talk:
Beauty is such a hot day, you climb up the tree to pick mulberry leaves how tired, hurry to the shade of the tree to rest for a while, I have good things to eat together!
Seeing that the mulberry picking girl ignored herself, Qiu Hu, who knew the cold and the heat, said with pity and pity: People say that it is better to work hard to cultivate the fields than to meet a good year; you work hard to collect mulberry and raise silkworms, it is better to make friends with nobles. As long as you and I have a spring breeze, there will be a heavy gift of gold, isn't it beautiful?!
The king has his own wife, and The king has his own husband. The sangsay replied unashamedly that she would rather work hard under the sun to provide for the elderly and children than disregard shame and profit. She is not rare in any gold and silver possessions, please put away your food and things and go!
Beijing opera "Mulberry Garden Club"
The lady of the sang sternly refused Qiu Hu's unreasonable request, and Qiu Hu had no choice but to go home and give the gold to his mother. He found out that his wife was originally a mulberry picker, and he couldn't help but be ashamed.
Gentleman said: "A clean woman is good at good." Husbands are not filial piety is greater than not loving their relatives, but loving their people, Autumn beard has it. ”
After Qiu Hu's wife learned the truth, she angrily accused Qiu Hu: As a son who has not returned for many years, you should feel guilty for not fulfilling your filial piety. This time you should have returned early to accept that you were on your knees, but you had the heart to flirt with a woman you saw on the way! You also want to give her money, it is simply a great filial piety to forget her mother.
As a good and lascivious person, you will definitely be disloyal to the official and unrighteous, you are such a disloyal, filial piety, unrighteous, and morally unethical villain, I don't want to live with you for a minute, we don't agree with each other, hurry up and leave me! Of course, I don't marry anymore.
These words showed the loyalty of ancient women to marriage, and they rebuked them with great righteousness and awe, and the shamelessness of greed and lustfulness of high-ranking officials and nobles like Qiu Hu.
Illustration of Wang Shuhui's comic strip "Mulberry Garden Society"
Qiu Hu's wife's act of committing suicide by throwing herself into the river in anger, whether it is sacrificing her life for righteousness, or to prove her innocence, or angering her husband's shamelessness, proves that she is not only chaste but also fierce, and can be called the husband of women.
The gentleman said: "Seeing good is like not being good, and seeing bad is like exploring soup." Autumn bearded woman is also called. ”
However, later operas such as "Mulberry Garden Society" not only changed qiuhu's wife's motive to a tentative act and forcibly whitewashed him, but also turned the tragic ending of Qiuhu's wife's death by jumping into the river into a comedy that allowed Qiuhu's wife to eliminate her resentment and return home. This undoubtedly greatly reduces the evaluation in the "Biography of the Daughters of Lie" about the martyr daughter of Qiu Hu's wife who is as sick and evil as a vendetta.
Su Shi youshi teased: "Poor Autumn Beard, do not meet Zhuo Wenjun." "Sighing mulberry women meet people unladylike, elopement women meet deng disciples, is a perfect match for goods all the way."
02.
In fact, in the early literary works such as "Qiu Hu Xing" and "Biography of Lienu" in the "Han Le Fu", this Sang Lady did not say who her surname was, but only called Qiu Hu's wife.
As the first biography of women in the mainland, the "Biography of Lienu" compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty has the significance of publicizing women's morality. There are three appearances of sangsang women in the book, of which "Lu Qiu Jie Woman" is the prototype of the image of cai sang women in the Yuan Dynasty miscellaneous drama "Lu Dafu Qiufu Drama Wife".
However, the word "clean woman" in "Lu Qiu Jie Woman" is not the name of Qiu Hu's wife, but a comment that gives her a clean and self-righteous. Later poet Li Bai once said: "Willing to learn from the Autumn Bearded Woman, the virginity is better than the ancient pine." "Praise the virtue of the faithfulness of the Sangsang women."
"Lu Dafu Qiufu Drama Wife" from its title is "Zhen Lie Woman Mei Ying Shouzhi", its name is "Mei Ying", it is likely that it was invented by the Yuan Dynasty screenwriters, in praise of his high character.
Wang Shuhui's comic strip "Mulberry Garden Club"
It is a pity that in a society where men are superior to women, a woman as righteous and fierce as Cai Sang Nu has not even left a real name, while her husband who has misbehaved has left a big name, which is really a sad story.
03.
In Zhang Dai's "Night Sailing Ship", it is recorded that hundreds of years later, a man surnamed Zhai was mistaken for a person by zhang guan li dai because of the name of the qiu hutong in "Qiu Hu Drama Wife", and he was suspected of misconduct and refused to marry.
Two Autumn Hu in the Other World: One Lu Qiu Hu of the Nations, because the woman picked mulberry, transferred his wife, and threw himself into the water to die. Han Yilu Qiuhu asked for a daughter of the Zhai clan, and Zhai Gong misrepresented the transfer of his wife, thinking that it was a bo line, and was not allowed to marry. Ridiculous also.
Qiu Hu's wife was originally misunderstood, and she couldn't imagine that good things wouldn't go out, and bad things would spread thousands of miles, and they would be passed on for hundreds of years. Zhang Dai said that these two people named Qiu Hu were very ridiculous, it was precisely "since the people have been less famous, I have been ashamed of my surname Qin before the grave."