The song is long and the music rhymes - from "Folding Willow" to "Farewell"

The Chinese song can be traced back to the ancient title of Han Le Fu "Folding Willow". The "Lefu Poetry Collection" has received dozens of lyrics of "Folding Willow" lyrics, showing the deep friendship of friends and lovers who fold willows to comfort and say goodbye. In the Tang Dynasty, "Yangguan Qu" and "Yi Qin'e" and other songs still have musical scores, which have reached a high artistic standard. Li Shutong adapted the song "Farewell" and filled in Chinese songs and poems with Western music, which opened up the way for the creation of modern Chinese songs.

Blowing "Folding Willow", Hu Qu made a Chinese sound

"Folding Yang Willow" was originally a Western Regions Hule, and Li Yannian, the governor of the Han Association, included it in the Han Le Fu Wule Horizontal Blowing Song. Chen Shizhi's "Ancient and Modern Music Record": "Horizontal blowing, Hu Leye." Zhang Qian entered Xicheng and passed on his Dharma to Chang'an, only to obtain a song called "Maha Tule", and Li Yannian created a new sound twenty-eight solutions, taking advantage of public opinion to think that it was martial music. "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty revived the Lefu and adopted a large number of folk music and Hu le to achieve the transformation from Zhou Yale to Chinese folk music. Tang Wujing's "Lefu Solution" records that Wei and Jin transmitted the Han Lefu Horizontal Blowing Qu Ten Songs, namely "Folding Willow". On the basis of the traditional drum horn instrument, the Han Le Fu Wu Music absorbed the Hu Flute, known as the Horizontal Blowing Music, which is used to play it immediately. "Lefu Poetry Collection: Horizontal Blowing Song": "Horizontal blowing music, its beginning is also called trumpeting, playing it immediately, covering the music in the army." All the kingdoms of Northern Di were immediately making music, so since the Han Dynasty had come, the Northern Di Le always belonged to the Advocacy Office. "The original intention of "Folding Willow" is to show the hardships of the military revolution, and the Le Fu lexicon is early. The Shandong Han portrait stone "Greeting and Sending Portraits" of the Han Ping Emperor at the time of the Han Ping Emperor has a scene of folding willows to send farewell: the walker rides a horse; his attendant holds a willow in one hand and leads a horse in the other; three people are presented with a sword, one of whom holds a willow; and two people who kneel with a willow.

The "Lefu Poetry Collection and Horizontal Blowing Song Lyrics" contains 23 poems of "Folding Willow" composed by Liu Yun, Xiao Xuan, Li Bai, Zhang Hu and others, with monotony, bitony, three-tone, and five tones, mostly double tones. Four sentences per tablet. The sentence pattern has five words and seven words, with five words as the mainstay. The southern music style includes many related themes such as military and local men and women's lovesickness, bondage, palace grievances, grievances, and advocacy. None of the scores exist.

Duan Chengshi's "Folding Willows": "The branches and branches lock the long door, and the tender color has been wet with rain and grace." The phoenix does not come to spring, and the warbler is empty until dusk. "For the theme of palace grievances, see the second volume of the "Wei's Music Score", which is the existing earlier "Folding Willow" lexicon, showing the palace women pity Gong Liu and herself, the great spring light but can not get the emperor's pity, infinite loneliness and sorrow, palace grievances euphemistic and deep. Where twenty-eight words. monotony. Four sentences, the sentence form is seven words. Rhymes with three flat rhymes. Positive flat tone, now D tone. The range is four (b)—仩(d2), ten degrees, moderate. The board eye is urgent, one and a half beats, and the slow is four beats, and the rhythm is rich. The melody is as many as one word and five tones, although it is seven words, but the melody is not rigid, such as light silk and gentleness, and the elements of Hu Le can no longer be seen, with a distinct Jiangnan folk song style.

"Lefu Poetry Collection, Xianghe Song Lyrics, Se Tune" contains 5 poems by Cao Pi, Lu Ji, Xie Lingyun and others, showing the themes of Yongshi, Youxian and Qianglu Nostalgia, some as many as five solutions, there are Yan, Tendentious, Chaotic and other structures, Xianghe Song playing form is silk bamboo and human harmony, originally Han music, spread to Jiangnan with the Shi clan during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and transmitted back to Jiangbei during the Northern Wei Xiaowen Emperor. The "Lefu Poetry Collection, Qing Shang Qu Ci, Western Qu Song" contains 13 songs of "Moon Festival Folding Willow Song". Qing Shang music was originally an old Song of Han and Wei, introduced to Jiangnan, integrating Jiangnan Wuge and Jingchu Xisheng, and the musical instruments were bells, chimes, qin, ser, percussion, pipa, 箜篌, zhu, zheng, knot drum, sheng, flute, 箫, 篪, 埙, blowing leaves, etc. "Moon Festival Folding Willow Song" is Jingchu music. "Lefu Poetry Collection, Qing Shang Qu Ci Xi Qu Song Shang": "The Western Qu Song originates from between Jing, Yin, Fan and Deng, and its sonic sending and wu ge are also different, so its fang custom is called XiQuYun." Most of the "Song of Folding Willows in the Moon Festival" does not rhyme, and the fourth sentence is embedded with the words "folding willows". Overlapping words are rhymes. The score does not exist today.

Sing "Yangguan Song" away from sorrow, don't hate and pity "Remembering Qin'e"

The song created by Wang Wei and Li Bai expresses the friendship and love between the military and the localities, sublimates the theme of the home country of the song, has a deep humanistic care, and reaches a very high artistic standard. Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er Envoy Anxi" sets the scene of folding willows to send farewell in the guest house on the edge of Weicheng: "Weicheng is light and dusty towards the rain, and the guest house is green and willow-colored." Persuade the jun to drink a glass of wine, and go out of the west to yang guan without a reason. The green willow wind pushed open the door of the guest house, and the rain had just passed, pure and dust-free, and the air was sweet and moist. It's just that the gathering day is short, and the other day is bitter. The wine is drunk, the love is strong, the bonfire is not extinguished, the song is not stopped, one stack, two stacks, three stacks, send yuan two, go on a long trip. From Weicheng to Yangguan, 3,600 miles of long Silk Road, from spring to autumn, there are heroic people in life, there are responsibilities of home and country, and there are also some loneliness and pity. Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Record" has "Little Qin King" ("Qin King's Little Broken Array Music"). Qin Guan said: "The Weicheng Qu is a last sentence, and in recent times it has been sung into the "Little Qin King", renamed "Yangguan Qu". "Yangguan Qu" now has "Wei's Musical Score", "Broken Gold Word Notation", "Zhejiang Yin Interpretation Character Piano Score" and other notations, which are divided into literary music and martial music. The first volume of the Wei Musical Score is composed of martial music. Small stone tone, now known as D tone. The range is ruler (e1)—伬(e2), octave. Triple stack. The first two sentences are the first stack, the third sentence is repeated as the second stack, and the fourth sentence is repeated as the third stack. There are two kinds of plate eyes, one word and a half beat, one word and one beat, which seem simple, but each stack has a thirty-two-note vocal, with a western style. After the second beat, the second beat can be beaten and the horn can be beaten, accompanied by a roar, which has the characteristics of martial music, and appears mighty and majestic, generous and sad. "Yangguan Qu" has the style of the Han Le Fu horizontal blowing song "Folding Willow".

Li Bai's "Remembrance of Qin'e Qiusi" wrote the theme of grievances: "Zhen Sheng, Qin E's dream breaks Qin Louyue." Qin Louyue, every year willow color, Baling wound farewell. Leyouyuan on the Qing Autumn Festival, Xianyang Ancient Road sound dust. Sound dust is absolutely clear. The west wind is remnant, and the Han family is lingque. The night before the Chongyang Festival, Qin E was awakened by the sound of sobbing, interrupting a dream of reunion. The moonlight came in from the Qin Building, drawing out sad memories. That spring, she and her husband folded willows in Baqiao and said goodbye sadly. People are celebrating the Chongyang Festival on leyouyuan, and she can only watch the Xianyang Ancient Road, waiting for her husband's family letter, but only seeing the tombs of the Han Dynasty in the remnants of the west wind, full of compassion and helplessness. The spectrum can be found in the "Broken Gold Dictionary" volume XI, from the "Nine Palaces Dacheng North and South Word Palace Spectrum". Where the word tone, now known as bE tone. The range is four (c1) to five (c2), octave, moderate. The board eye is urgent, one and a half beats, and the slow is three beats. "Qin Louyue" is connected with two waist eyes before and after the overlapping words, stringing up the three musical sentences, and the melodic line is elongated, making it more poignant and mournful. "Yang Guan Qu" and "Remembrance of Qin'e" turn friendship and family affection into a tough cultural bond on the Silk Road, one with the long and persistent watch of relatives and the other with the yearning for a peaceful and beautiful life.

The Sui Dynasty Emperor planted willows on both sides of the newly opened Grand Canal, and "Folding Willows" was combined with Wu Sheng and Xiqu, which had a Jiangnan charm. Liu Yuxi's "Yang Liu Zhi" wrote: "Please Jun Mo play the former chao song and listen to the newly translated "Yang Liu Zhi". "The new translation of "Willow Branch" was popular for a while. Liu Yuxi's "Qi Na Qu": "The willows are lush and green, and the bamboo branches are infinitely affectionate." Zhou Langyi looked back and listened to the singing of the song. "See Book III of the Broken Gold Dictionary. In the passenger boat, in the sound of the bridge, the tourists sang "Bamboo Branch Words", and the pedestrians on the shore stopped to sing and sing. What are the singing and lyrics? Zhu Dunru's "Tim Sheng Yang Willow Branch": "On the south bank of the river, willow branches." North bank of the river, willow branches. Folding pedestrians endlessly. "See Book VIII of the Broken Gold Dictionary. Originally, the willow branch, that is, the harmony. The willows on both sides of the canal are like smoke, and the vastness is full of ideas.

"Yang Liuzhi" has also evolved into "Autumn Wind Qing", "Six Orders", "Xiangsi Er Ling" and other word plates, and the music is constantly enriched, and the music is constantly enriched, and the music of the Central Plains and exotic music, the music of the Han people and the music of ethnic minorities, the music of the south and the music of the north, and the music of the literati and the folk music are constantly integrated. "Folding Willow" is becoming more and more rich in content, with both small orders, middle and long tones, as well as group songs. "Folding Willow" has a variety of performance methods, both grand narrative and small scene descriptions; both military camps and boudoirs; both male and female protagonists. "Folding Willow" is more profound in thought, writing both the sorrow of parting and the sigh of rise and fall. After more than 2,000 years of development and evolution, the "Folding Willow" word plate has become a typical representative of traditional Chinese music literature.

"Farewell" is based on the ancient road, and the west wind is the east wind

From 1905 to 1910, Li Shutong studied in Japan, studying art and music. He came into contact with the American composer J. Thompson. P. Odway's song "Dreaming of Home and Mother.". After the song spread to Japan, the lyricist InuYasha Filled in the Japanese lyrics and renamed it "Travel Sorrow". Li Shutong liked the song very much and translated the Japanese lyrics into Chinese. In the winter of 1915, Uncle Li lived in Shanghai, and after saying goodbye to his friends, he was very sad, and soon adapted "Farewell", writing: "Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road." The grass is full of blue sky. The evening wind blows the willow flute. Sunset Mountain outside the mountain. The end of the sky, the corner of the earth. Half-lost. A scoop of turbid wine is over. Don't dream cold tonight. Li Shutong made minor adjustments to the original song, integrating the imagery of Chinese departure songs and showing the deep friendship between friends. Forty-six words. Bi-tonal. There are five sentences each on the top and bottom pieces. The film above is a typical Chinese farewell picture, the long pavilion ancient road, playing the flute lyrical, until the sunset, still can't bear to separate. The last two or three sentences and three or four sentences of the film each rhyme two flat rhymes. The next film imagines the scene after the parting, the close friends are scattered in the end of the world, and they are alone at night, using the meaning of Liu Yong's "Raining Bells and Autumn Farewell". In the next film, two or three sentences rhyme with two rhymes, and four or five sentences with two flat rhymes. The rhyme is denser. The sentence pattern has three words, five words, and seven words, which are jagged and staggered. Three-word sentence form is one bar, five-word sentence form is two bars with two beats of rest, and seven words and sentences are two bars. It is equivalent to the ancient notation of poetry in the reading, sentence, rhyme of the bottom board, extended to the rhyme of the long sound, appears to have a long rhyme. The bar line does not break the sentence, calmly and freely, and tells it eloquently. The rhythm is one board and three eyes, mainly one word and one sound, and the three words of "willow", "don't dream" and "mountain outside" are added to the preceding dots to reflect the sense of Chinese pingyi and enhance the fluidity of music and emotion. The range is d1-e2, nine degrees, suitable for ordinary people to sing. Li Shutong only changed a few two-word beats in the original song to one word and one beat, and changed one beat rest to two beats to rest. It is mainly based on one word and one sound. When a word is two tones, the pitch generally follows the Tone of the Chinese tone. For example, "Pavilion" is Yangping, the tonal value is 3-5, and the pitch is g1-b1. For example, "flute" is Yang ping, the key value is 3-5; "sound" is yin flat, the key value is 5-5; and the pitch of "flute sound" is c2-e2. The range of sounds is randomly distributed like space. Generally, the close-up and real-life sound range is low, and the long-range and virtual sound range is higher. For example: "Outside the Long Pavilion, the Ancient Road Edge" is the middle and upper space, and the sound range is g1-e2; "Yerba Buen Yerba Buen Tian" is the lower space, and the sound range is e1-g1; "The End of Heaven, the Corner of the Earth" is the virtual and distant space, and the sound range is c2-e2. Li Shutong revised and arranged "Farewell", consciously using the rhythmic organization of the old Chinese lyrics, accompanied by american melodies, really like a ghost.

From "Folding Willow" to "Farewell", the epitome of the development of Chinese songs and poems, Chinese songs and poems continue to absorb exotic musical elements, local music elements, emerging musical elements, and era music elements, continuing the old traditions, developing new traditions, and carrying forward the new humanistic spirit.

(The author is the person in charge of the "Leji School Annotation" project funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China, and a researcher at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music)

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