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The cultural revival of each nation begins with summing up its own heritage. Starting today, Fujian Daily launched the column "Focus on Cultural Heritage" to show the unique charm of the cultural heritage of our province, tell the Fujian practice of cultural heritage protection, inheritance and innovative development, and invite industry experts and scholars to interpret the stories behind it.
This is a dialogue with the splendid culture of time and space, we will awaken the dusty memory, feel the thickness of history, let the cultural heritage come alive, go deep into people's hearts, and build a better spiritual home.
Interpretation of Zheng Ziduan's "Landscape Map of Three Squares and Seven Alleys": This painting took one-eighth of his life
"Landscape Map of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" part
Map of Yangqiaotou, old Fuzhou in the early years of the Republic of China
"My family used to be at 38 Yangqiao Lane... My home is bordered by Yangqiao Lane to the north, and my family residence was also the clinic of my father Zheng Yuanchang at that time... My father is the third generation of Fuzhou Zheng's traditional Chinese medicine, in the South Gate Of TuKai Rui Lai Chun Ginseng Shop and South Street Da Sheng Aphrodisiac Shop... Zheng's medical residence once moved from the South Gate to Jipi Lane, and then moved to Yangqiao Lane, and then bought a house in Wenrufang Sanguantang, Yijinfang and other 4 mansions. ”
Under the pen of Zheng Ziduan, a family of traditional Chinese medicine and fuzhou folklore expert, he has lived in Sanfang And Qixiang since he was a child, and he is the "indigenous people" of Sanfang and Qixiang, and he is also the "folk customs" of Fuzhou.
Zheng Ziduan once said that he hoped that more people would know the story of Sanfang and Qixiang, so painting a painting that could concentrate on the historical appearance of Sanfangqixiang became his obsession.
Smoke willow painting bridge, wind curtain green curtain, jagged 100,000 homes. This painting was painted as "Landscape Map of Sanfang And Seven Alleys", known as fuzhou's version of the "Qingming Upper River Map", about 6 meters long and about half a meter high, recording the customs and customs of Sanfang and Qixiang from the 1930s to the present and the living conditions of local people, spanning the course of nearly a hundred years, covering more than 500 characters and nearly 50 old shops in different periods.
Zheng Ziduan, who is more than a rare year old, said that it took more than 10 years from collecting materials to painting.
Throw yourself into it, Zheng Ziduan is tireless.
Disappearing old streets and alleys
The scroll begins with the provincial capital road, the upper part is "three squares", the lower part is "seven lanes". It is worth mentioning that the picture scroll retains the old street name.
In the picture scroll, Yangqiao Road is also called Yangqiao Lane.
Regarding the origin of Yangqiao Road, Zheng Ziduan wrote in "Reminiscences of Yangqiao Lane in Old Fuzhou": "At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Yangqiao Lane was still called 'Dengjunfang'. According to the 1919 "Map of Fuzhou City", the road from 'Governor Hou (Provincial Capital Road)' to Nanhou Street 'ShuiliuWankou' is named 'Yangqiaotou', because there is a stone bridge along the Hujie River called Yangqiao. The original Yangqiao Lane is very narrow, and the width of the lane is only 3 meters. In 1936, Yangqiao Lane began to be widened into a road. It was not until January 1955 that after the Taiwan authorities sent aircraft to bomb Fuzhou, the Fuzhou Municipal People's Government expanded Yangqiao Road. The newly built Yangqiao West Road passes next to the Shuangtou Bridge (named after the Hechao Bridge and the Famiao Bridge 2nd Bridge) from the north to the south, and the Famiao Bridge was demolished, and the Hechao Bridge was exposed next to Yangqiao Road until today. ”
Jipi Lane is the southernmost alley of the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys, and was also called Kui Fu Fang in the Song Dynasty, also known as Kui Fu Li. According to Zheng Ziduan's recollection, he had the privilege of collecting an old photo of Jipi Lane left by a foreign priest, and the door of the workshop at that time was still marked with the words "Kui Fu Li". Therefore, the name "Kuifuri" in the scroll is also retained.
Fuzhou once had a riddle, the puzzle surface is "Langguan Lane by the Gulf of Water Flow", that is, opposite Langguan Lane was once the Great Water Flow Bay. There was also a memorial arch at the entrance of the alley of Dashuiliu Bay, which was engraved with the words "Huichaoli" and the words "Shuiliuwan" below. Zheng Ziduan said that in the old days, huichao was a place dedicated to selling furniture, and in the past, when people got married, they had to buy furniture here. However, due to the later remodeling of Sanfang And Qixiang, Dashuiliu Bay was demolished, and its gate was also demolished. Then down the Big Stream Bay is the Little Stream Bay, and the opposite side of the Small Water Flow Bay at that time is the current Tower Lane.
Zheng Ziduan re-painted based on the old photos that can be studied and related historical facts, and recreated the place names that have disappeared one by one. Not only that, he also retained the appearance of the old archway before the restoration and transformation of Sanfang Seven Lanes, such as the quite distinctive pagoda on the archway of Ta Lane Lane, and the two red windows and doors next to the name of Yijinfang.
Unique folklore
Fuzhou is a famous city with a history of more than 2,000 years, and its folk culture forms are rich and diverse. Through the form of paintings, Zheng Ziduan presented many local traditional customs in Fuzhou, such as dragon lantern dances, uncles sending lamps, and marrying daughters to send nine porridges, all of which are recorded in the scrolls.
Every Lantern Festival, Fuzhou will have a traditional activity of dancing dragon lanterns. Dragon lantern dance, commonly known as dragon lantern dance, has been circulating in the Fuzhou area since the Tang Dynasty. When performing the dragon lantern dance, one person dances the dragon ball, and the other nine people each hold a dragon lantern section, "nine festivals and one pearl" has the meaning of "perfect and perfect". The dragon lantern holders in the scroll have different postures, and the dragon lantern dances vividly and vividly, which is very expressive.
There is also a folk custom of "sending lanterns" in Fuzhou, the most popular of which is "sending lamps from relatives and uncles", that is, the first year of the girl's marriage, delivered by her brother, they hang the flower lanterns on both ends of the sugar cane, the first year to send "Guanyin to send the lamp", the second year to send the "child sitting pot lamp", the third year to send the "Zhuangyuan riding lamp", because the Fuzhou dialect "lamp" and "Ding" are harmonious, taking the meaning of Ding.
In the painting, a woman can be seen carrying a food basket in her hand, making a gesture of going somewhere, but in fact she is on her way to her mother's house to serve her parents porridge. This is also a unique folk traditional festival in Fuzhou - The Nine Festivals, where there is a custom of sending nine porridges, that is, women who have been married should give the porridge to their parents before the twenty-ninth day of the first month to show that they do not forget the grace of their parents' upbringing, in order to fulfill their filial piety to their parents.
A variety of shouting sounds
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the kingdom of Rui had a poem cloud "Zhengyang Outer Glass Factory, Yijinfang QiannanHouJie", which compared the South Back Street with the Liuli Factory, and its liveliness can be seen.
The Nanhou Street in the painting is lined with paving, merchants and merchants, and the various forms of shouting and selling also left a deep impression on Zheng Ziduan.
According to Zheng Ziduan, this painting probably depicts more than 500 celebrities in the city. Among them, the most distinctive are the "four monsters of Fuzhou": the "upside-down woman" who looks at the eyes, the "horse boy" who sells tiger label gold oil, the fortune teller who has failed to change his business, and the bread seller.
Although the old name was "upside down", this "upside down" is not "epilepsy", not referring to mental madness, but refers to walking east and west. The "upside-down woman" who looks at the eyes originally lives next to the Yuanfu in Jipi Lane, the people are not tall, often dressed in a red, holding an umbrella, hanging a sign for the doctor, walking the streets and alleys for people to see eye diseases, using embroidery needles to "acupuncture". Its technology is superb and praised, but "the aroma of wine is also afraid of the deep alley", and it is inevitable that there are some unique ways of shouting and selling.
Because she is dressed in red and quite gorgeous, when she looks at the eyes "upside down" walking on the road, the children who play will shout in unison "Look at the eyes 'bumpy woman'!" Look at the eyes 'upside down'"! When she saw this, she immediately knocked on the floor with her umbrella to make a noise, and the neighbors heard such a movement and knew that the eyes were "upside down".
There was once an overseas Chinese who sold "Tiger Label Golden Oil" called Hu Wenhu, and "Ma Zai" was hired by him to help sell Wanjin Oil. "Ma Zai" wore a "tiger" character on his body, and held a trumpet made of foreign tin and sold it, claiming that "tiger label golden oil" could cure all diseases.
Zheng Ziduan said that there is also an anecdote here, saying that "Ma Zai" is a person who likes to joke, and he often says to children: "I am not afraid of anything, but if you call me 'brother-in-law', I will be anxious with you." "Innocent children" brother-in-law" and "brother-in-law" shouted, "horse boy" will see the appearance of being very anxious, "taken advantage" of the sisters will be anxious, many children will be scolded.
Zheng Ziduan said that now many of the shouting and selling have disappeared, but in the paintings, he still retains them. For example, the blind man is led by his son in front of him, holding a copper iron tool to knock out the sound of "Gong Gong", which means that the business of blind massage has opened; and then the sale of Putian soft cakes will make an "Oh" sound, and now the modern Sanfang Qixiang shops are still selling this kind of cake, shaped like today's yellow rice cake; and the sound of "popipopi", which is the famous "fluttering noodles" in Fuzhou, which is sold by the vendors who pick up a pair of burdens on their shoulders. Zheng Ziduan said that some people, because they were very fond of eating this noodle when they were young, wrote to the management committee to ask for the restoration of "fluttering noodles", so that they could know its delicious taste.
Years are like quicksand, and the once shouting and selling sound passes with the sand, but under Zheng Ziduan's brush, the characters are exquisite, even if they are still pictures, they can also make the noise of the past jump on the paper, restoring the smell of the city and fireworks in the alleys.
The thick humanistic feelings and the accumulation of thousands of years of history have made a memory exclusive to the three lanes and seven lanes.
Under Zheng Ziduan's pen, this picture scroll may not be enough to depict the magnificent and long-standing thousand-year-old wind and rain of Sanfang and Qixiang, but the preservation of the "Landscape Map of Sanfang and Qixiang" provides more real and vivid memory carriers and historical materials for future generations. (Wen Long, Wu Xia, text/photo)