"Shallow warbler feathers, strips of rabbit silk." Biased early spring hair, should be criticized by the public fang late. ”
Spring has arrived, and the spring flowers under the trees beside the road have bloomed. Just in time, we will use the spring flowers swaying in the wind to talk about the spring in the Grand View Garden.
Spring flowers, also known as gold belts. In early spring, the leaves open up yellow and bright flowers, bringing people spring feelings, so the flower name is yingchun.
You may not know that Cao Gong's "Dream of the Red Chamber" depicts a total of 480 women, the most important of which is naturally the "Twelve Tombs of Jinling", including zhengchao, vice chao, and vice chao, as well as forty female elders such as Jia Mu and Lady Wang.
So if someone asks, who do you think is the woman with the least drama and the hardest to remember in the Grand View Garden? Then there will definitely be the name of Yingchun.
There is evidence to say that. The second girl of Jia Fu, Yingchun, did not appear much in "Dream of the Red Chamber", most of the appearances were still group portraits, and they were basically in a state of silent self-invisibility.
As a result, readers' understanding of Yingchun basically stops at Cao Gong's description of her appearance - "slightly plump skin, fit body, cheeks condensed with new lychees, nose greasy goose fat, gentle silence, amiable view", and the seventy-three times "Miss Cowardice Does Not Ask Lei Jinfeng" concentrated portrayal of Yingchun's cowardly and fearful personality.
Poetry in general, general appearance, average life, gentle personality... Such a character image is really difficult to stand out among the twelve golden noodles who have repeatedly excelled in talent, personality, and appearance, and even Baoyu's servants such as Qingwen, Raiders, and others, as well as the relict and independent Miaoyu, are probably much more existent than Yingchun.
So, is Yingchun, such an ordinary, non-existent, unobtrusive, and tragic ending among the twelve golden nobiles, the protagonist or the "dragon set"?
As a member of the "Yuan Ying Tan Xie" (originally should sigh), a careful study of "Dream of the Red Chamber" we can know that Cao Gong's writing of Ying Chun is actually of great significance.
01
Hun name two wood
"Poke a needle and don't know how to beep"
Yingchun was the daughter of Jia Shu, who inherited the title of Rongguo Mansion, and the second time he said through Leng Zixing's mouth: "It is jia fuzhong, and the existing three are not bad." ...... The second lady is the concubine of the pardoning father, and the name is Yingchun; Because Mrs. Shi loved her granddaughter very much, she followed her grandmother to read a book, and she listened well. ”
From beginning to end, the two daughters of Yingchun and Tanchun were equally loved by Jia Mu, and were taken with them with other cousins or handed over to Madame Wang's parenting care, but there was no difference between equal treatment and no right.
But a dragon gave birth to nine sons, each of which was different, not to mention that Sanchun came from different unit families and was endowed with different bloodline genes, and the differences between them were revealed when they first appeared at the same time.
The third time, when Dai Yu first entered the Rongguo Mansion, she met with Sanchun Yili. As the "second sister" under the peer rankings, Yingchun is the first person to be introduced, from the appearance point of view, Yingchun is a healthy girl with white and moist cheeks, plus a moderate posture, the whole is an ordinary shape; but it must still be admitted that Yingchun is also beautiful and lovely, otherwise it is impossible to rank among the too illusory realms of "flower appearance and moon appearance" with the identity and conditions of the twelve golden noodles, in line with the description of "painting a vicious wolf, chasing a beautiful woman".
Born from the heart, Yingchun's gentle silence also shows a lack of personality without sound, so "amiable" literally means that her kindness is easy to approach, but in essence it is a temperament that is easy to ignore, standing next to Gu Panshenfei's Tanchun, she is greatly dwarfed, like a faint shadow.
In terms of Yingchun's character performance, "honesty" is already the most neutral of the various descriptions in the novel, appearing a total of three times. Among them, "honesty" has even become synonymous with "benevolence". However, if there is virtue and incompetence, it is difficult to solve problems, improve the situation, maintain fairness and justice, and in the case of silence, it is easy to become a wish to appease adultery.
Novelists summarize this "gentle and silent" and "honest" character core as "cowardice", and "cowardice" is cao Xueqin's one-word evaluation (the seventy-third review). But the most terrible thing is that under the basic rules of this personality, the result of Yingchun's "inability to be the master" will lose itself to an extreme extent, and "amiable view" can even be derived from "viewable and invadable", that is, people will be violated unexpectedly, which is precisely the root of Yingchun's life tragedy. For the extreme situation of Yingchun almost losing himself, the novelist gives a vivid metaphor through two paragraphs:
Bao Chao thought, "Xiuyan is a man of grace, Yingchun is a dead man with anger, and even he himself has not yet taken care of him completely, how can he take care of him?" (Fifty-seventh)
Xing'er said: "The name of the second girl is 'ermutou', and she doesn't know how to poke a needle." (Sixty-fifth time)
Although the so-called "dead man with qi" is not very good, it is indeed an accurate description, referring to the "wood" used by Xing'er for analogy, which is also the remains of plants that have lost their lives, and the person who "pokes a needle and does not know how to beep" is not exactly the "dead man with qi"? The two statements can be said to be the same and define each other, showing the extraordinary personality characteristics of Yingchun. In particular, what Xing'er said is the conclusion of Yingchun.
Whether it is a "dead person with anger" or a "wood", it shows that Yingchun is very different from the lack of vitality of ordinary people, and even the basic biological instinctive response of "crying pain" is almost lost, which has reached an unimaginable point. Since the wood does not even have the breath of life, and the growth and strength are not caught, how can it blossom? In this regard, the reason why Yingchun lacks representative flowers is that it is logical.
It is no wonder that the closest girl, who regards the girl as a precious treasure, has almost never had a separate or further conversation interaction with her cousins Yingchun and Xichun, just as Daiyu is also "although there are two people who welcome spring and cherish spring, they are not very compatible" (the seventy-sixth time), on the side of Yingchun, the reason is as described above.
02
"Morbid obedience"
How is the psyche formed?
Children's educational psychology has pointed out that family factors are very important for children's personality growth - if parents restrict children too much, simple and rude, they will also suppress children's initiative, resulting in negative personalities such as stereotypes and cowardice.
It is confirmed in the background of Yingchun's growth, the intervention of his original family's mother-in-law, Lady Xing, is actually meticulous, so-called: Lady Xing is "foolish in nature, only knows that She shun Jia pardon to protect herself, and the second is to take the goods for her own sake, and the family's next big and small affairs are at the mercy of Jia Amnesty." Whoever goes in and out of the affairs of silver money, as soon as he passes through his hands, he is unusual, in the name of Jia Amnesty and waste, 'I must be thrifty and thrifty, before I can be compensated', children and slaves, one does not rely on one, does not listen to a word", is a person who is often "leftist" and "suspicious" (the forty-sixth time), and "obviously thin affection" (the twenty-fourth time), the excessive harshness and strong restraint exerted by him, as a junior and boudoir girl, Yingchun not only bears the brunt of it, but also has no escape from the cage. From the eightieth Yingchun to Madame Wang:
From childhood, he did not have a mother, but fortunately, his aunt lived a few years of pure heart.
From this, it is inferred that before coming to Madame Wang's side, the days of living with Lady Xing were "impure in heart" and full of troubles, so that when she was about to suffer marital misfortune after she got married, she was still "Lady Xing did not care, nor did she ask about the harmony of her husband and wife, the housework was troublesome, and she only faced the blame" (the eightieth time), it can be known that the growth experience of "impure heart" since childhood under Lady Xing's simple and rough and excessive restrictions is indeed an important reason for cultivating Yingchun's suppressed self-initiative and thus her cowardly and negative personality.
However, its cowardly and passive extreme form, which is almost "woody" and "angry dead man", is beyond the scope of ordinary normal personality types. The holistic theory of human nature, developed by disagreeing with Freud's instincts, can further provide a deeper understanding of the connotations of her character.
Karen Horney (16 September 1885 – 4 December 1952) was a German psychologist and psychiatrist and researcher of the New Freudian School
Horney argues that the pathological personality caused by personal and sociocultural conflict or maladaptation stems from the basic anxiety that is latently formed in childhood; that is, basic anxiety as a feeling of thinking that they are "small, insignificant, helpless, incompetent, and living in a world full of absurdity, inferiority, deception, jealousy, and violence", stems from the failure of their parents to give them sincere warmth and care in childhood (often due to the pathological personality or defects of the parents themselves), causing these children to lose the feeling of being needed "caused.
And because unconditional love is the most basic motivator of the normal development of children, those children who fail to receive this love, that is, feel that the world and the surrounding environment are terrible, unreliable, ruthless, and unfair, and this tendency to doubt makes him feel that the individual is annihilated, his freedom is deprived, and he loses his happiness and tends to be uneasy.
At the same time, on the one hand, children are still young, although they have doubts about their parents' love, they dare not show it, for fear of being punished and abandoned, this repressed emotion leads to deeper anxiety, and as a result, in this environment full of basic anxiety, the child's normal development is hindered, self-esteem is lost; in order to escape this anxiety and protect himself, the child forms a pathological personality tendency.
Among the several pathological personality tendencies that Horne distinguishes, Yingchun can be regarded as the type of "sick obedience", this kind of person who admits weakness, demeans himself, tends to accept the opinions of strong and powerful people or traditional worldly, authoritative ideas, he will suppress all his inner abilities, make himself small, and avoid criticizing others, avoid quarrels and competition, and behave "beneficial" to anyone; this person's intrinsic conscious motivation is: If I give up on myself, obey others and help him, I can avoid being hurt. This is the deep psychology that constitutes Yingchun's passive cowardice.
03
Yingchun's special philosophy of life and ideological basis
As for why Yingchun developed such a special personality, in addition to the psychological impact of the growth experience in childhood, another "why" question can be continued, that is, when Yingchun has grown into a young girl and has begun to have the conscious ability to think and judge, the behavior at this time is not purely an instinctive reaction of childhood experience, but is likely to be supported by some other beliefs or values.
In the seventy-third paragraph of "Miss Cowardice Does Not Ask Lei Jinfeng", it is also clearly stated that the values or ideological basis that support this extreme character are clearly stated, so that Yingchun can consciously develop at the level of consciousness and rationalize this yishun character, that is, the distorted view of good books and the weakened female consciousness.
It must be noted that jia fu is extremely educated, and the descendants are full of poetry books, but in the whole novel, for the books that Yingchun reads, only the "Taishang Induction Chapter" is mentioned. Of course, this is not the only book that Yingchun has read, but it is the only book that Yingchun has read in the whole book, and it is obvious that this book is of great significance to Yingchun and an important clue to understanding Yingchun's values.
The seventy-third time from Yingchun to pick up the "leaning on the bed to read" plot can be inferred that the "Taishang Induction Chapter" is its daily reading at home, and it is also in line with the spirit of the meritorious system encouraging the people to place it next to the bed so that they can not forget to record it before going to bed every day. In contrast, Yingchun zhizhi is obviously very different from other people, even in the midst of chaos, still calmly read books, such as staying out of the matter, this "Taishang Induction" seems to be her lifebuoy to escape from the situation that cannot be solved, and it is also the spiritual pillar she trusts the most, or even the only one.
The so-called "meritorious qualities" is a kind of good book, which integrates the Taoist accumulation of goodness, Confucian ethical thoughts, and Buddhist karma, and is a secularized mixture of non-Confucian and non-Taoist non-Buddha, confucian and Taoist buddha, including various lists and guidelines, teaching readers how to do good to accumulate merit, and calculating the accumulated faults due to doing evil. Bao Junya translated the "Book of Merits" as "Ledgersofmeritanddemerit", believing that such books were a support and reflection of the moral order of Ming and Qing society.
But Yingchun also recognized the flaws of the meritorious ideology, but she still practiced unswervingly. Exploring, there is another value as a result of filling in and continuing to pursue, that is, the weakened "female consciousness", and also appears in the seventy-third "Miss Cowardly Does Not Ask Lei Jinfeng" paragraph.
At that time, the disturbance and clamor of Zi Lingzhou had reached its peak, and Tanchun and Ping'er also intervened to mediate, but after all, Yingchun was the master of this room, and everyone had to seek her opinion, and could not go straight to the ruling, so as not to overstep the bounds, so Ping'er asked: "If this matter is not a big deal, it is very well handled." But he is now the girl's grandmother,According to what the girl does? ”
At this time, Yingchun, who was wandering in the "Taishang Induction Chapter", said a large piece of undecided words, which was actually attributed to "let you deal with it, I don't always know", so not only was everyone laughing, Lin Daiyu directly laughed: "It is really "Tiger Wolf Tun in the Order Majesty still talking about cause and effect.". If the second sister is a man, how can the family be ruled by people? ”
And Yingchun even readily agreed: "Exactly." How many men are still like this, let alone me. This clearly shows that Yingchun defends her passive withdrawal by the weak attributes of "women" in sexual temperament, sexual status and sexual role, and takes it for granted and rationalizes her "incompetent rule".
04
The collapse of the Yingchun faith
The evil consequences of Yingchun's "sick obedience" personality, with the protection of elders and the support of sisters in the family, are not really to the point of destruction, but once they leave home, the situation of isolation and helplessness will lead to real destruction.
The fifth character of Yingchun is: painted with a wolf, chasing a beautiful woman, the meaning of desire, its book cloud:
The sub-lineage is the Mountain Wolf, and the dezhi is rampant. Golden boudoir willow quality, a load to the yellow sorghum.
"Zhongshan wolf" refers to an ungrateful and vengeful person, allusion from the Ming Dynasty Ma Zhongxi's "Dongtian Collection", according to ancient legends about Mr. Dongguo saving a wolf in the Zhongshan area, but afterwards almost swallowed by the wolf fables. Here, it is used as a metaphor for Sun Shaozu, who tortured him to death in just one year after marrying yingchun.
This marriage, which led to the destruction of Yingchun, appeared in the seventy-ninth time. Jia Mu did not like this family affair, for the same reason as Jia Zheng, and the reason why Jia Zheng deeply hated the Sun family was that although the other party was a family friend, he belonged to the upstart of "rich family wealth", and the motivation for establishing a relationship with Jia Fu was actually to attach to the snobbery of the Jia family, not the "descendants of the famous shili clan" of the Zhen family.
And this is not the arrogant stereotype of the nobility, the children taught by this type of upstart are indeed like wolves, Sun Shaozu is arrogant and absurd, cruel and domineering, and the so-called "ambition is rampant" and "blind extravagance and lasciviousness and greed." After the eightieth time Yingchun tragically married Sun Shaozu, a wolf in Zhongshan, when Yu Jia Fu received his distraction, he couldn't help but cry in Madame Wang's room about the grievances after marriage and the unbearable feelings of her husband.
Among them, "whether it is good or not, beat a beating and go to sleep in the lower room" should not be just Sun Shaozu's verbal intimidation, from "a load to Huangliang" and "a load of leisurely wandering", it can be seen that Yingchun, the weak Miss Qianjin, must be overwhelmed by the double torture of body and mind, and she will die in just one year.
Dignitaries such as Jia Fu can only sit idly by and are powerless, it can be seen that the fate of traditional women is completely determined by marriage, and the daughter who marries is a kite with broken lines and the water that is spilled out, all of which can only fend for themselves in the husband's family, fortunately and unfortunately in the hands of others, and its loneliness and bitterness are self-evident. And giving your life like a spring is even more tragic, not only sad, but even enough to cause a sense of panic and uneasiness.
That is, in the extreme situation of being tortured after marriage, Yingchun seems to have a vague awakening and weak protest against his fate. When Madame Wang relieved and persuaded her with "My son, this is also your life", it was equivalent to denying her efforts and expectations for the unity of merit, and jointly destroying the central belief on which she depended for her livelihood, which was the reason why Yingchun immediately protested that "I don't believe that my life is so bad". It seems that it was only at this moment that Yingchun awakened to his fate and questioned the obedience psychology of reading the Taishang Induction In the past.
And once you realize that the efforts made and the grievances you have endured over the years have been in vain, it will inevitably bring about a great psychological blow, and no one can accept the results of futile efforts.
But what is more serious is that for Yingchun, these efforts are not just ordinary efforts, she gives up herself and obeys others with such a "sick obedience", which is rooted in the intrinsic conscious motive of "I can avoid being hurt", and then begs for spiritual belief.
The promise of merit to her deserved reward made her believe that such a wronged sacrifice was worth it; but in the end, what she gained was so miserable and worthless, and even ended up being hurt to this end, which was like the shaking or even disillusionment of faith, and the disintegration of the long-standing spiritual pillar made her even more helpless when she was bullied, causing another serious psychological trauma.
The so-called destruction of a person is to destroy his faith, and the reason why Yingchun "went to Huangliang for a lifetime" seems to contain psychological factors, dazed, questioning, and inexplicable questioning, for a person whose belief in survival has been destroyed, it is a serious mental consumption, and it is bound to erode her life from the root. Coupled with the fact that a cowardly and negative personality has been cultivated, Yingchun will inevitably give in and accept this fate of being bullied and abused in the end, paying the price of life without fighting, which belongs to one of the types of vain sacrifice.
It can be said that Yingchun is beautiful and lovely, otherwise it is impossible to rank among the illusory realms of "flowers and moons" with the identity and conditions of the twelve golden noodles, in line with the description of "painting a vicious wolf and chasing a beautiful woman"; and Yingchun is extremely kind and not stupid, in order to both worship the guidance of the book of merit and good deeds, and to be well versed in the truth that "the merits of heaven and fortune are not poor, and it is difficult to have merit without luck", so her cowardice is not equal to the lack of rational cognition of right and wrong, but has a specific ideological basis, and has a great faith power to be consistent. Although this beautiful and kind girl is cowardly and incompetent, she still tries to shrink herself as much as possible under the firm belief, does not hurt others, and only needs a small corner to live quietly, and occasionally a little beautiful little thing is a great satisfaction.
Therefore, she is not so much "wood" as perhaps Yingchun is more like moss, and in a small dark corner, with just a little light sunlight, a few drops of moist rain, she can be self-sufficient; but once the sun is slightly fierce, it will be dried and withered, and as long as someone passes through this corner, it will be trampled and flattened, and the weak life will be destroyed.
And this changing world is bound to be filled with fierce sun and storms all the time, and everywhere is covered with iron hooves, and the paradise can be demolished and collapsed in an instant, how can the corners be spared? In particular, the blind concession of "poking a needle and not knowing how to beep" has completely lost the instinct of self-defense, directly threatening the barrier of personal existence, how can it further grow and thrive, break through to survive and pursue happiness? Moss is absolutely impossible to grow into a big tree, and the quiet and well-being of wearing jasmine under the tree is destined to be short-lived.
Staying in the corner and drawing a stroke of merit, Yingchun may know that this concept of good and evil cause and effect has its theoretical flaws, but has not tried to break away from this system, step out of the simple thinking of blindly forbearing and accumulating goodness, and try to use other ways to deal with complex practical problems, which may also be because Yingchun has no talent and lacks positive ability, and only accepts this simplest negative way.
After all, people will always choose beliefs that are similar to their self-worth as spiritual dependence, and the connotation of faith will further strengthen the existing ideas, and be reflected in daily life and crisis response, and it is easier to be self-patient and give in than to change others and fight with evil forces.
From this point of view, the reason why Yingchun has become a believer in such good books can be said to be mutually causal, that is, her personality traits have made her move towards the merits, and the characteristics of the merits themselves are also in line with the needs of Yingchun, so the only one who puts the "Taishang Induction" next to the bed and reads day and night is Yingchun.
The tragedy of Yingchun truthfully proves that this set of meritorious ideas that were also popular among the elite intellectual class in the Ming and Qing dynasties, although it can play a role in soothing the soul at some times, it cannot really bring salvation to people, and the difficult journey of life is not enough to rely on kindness alone, and efforts must also be used in the right place. Yingchun's commitment to eliminating the self is a wrong way, and the result is bound to be to obliterate one's own existence, and to a certain extent, it will lead to unnecessary sacrifice and even death.
What do you think the most overlooked female character in Dream of the Red Chamber is? What do you think of the character of Yingchun? What special inspiration is there for us? Speak up in the comments section! Xiao Bei will select two lucky readers from the message and give away a copy of today's theme book "The Great View of the Red Chamber".
Read about the Red Chamber here