Regarding self-funded vaccines, 90% of people have various misunderstandings:
"It's good to get a free vaccine, there's no need to spend money on it."
"There are too many types of vaccines, which are not good for the body."
"Obviously, he gave the child a pneumonia vaccine, why did he still have pneumonia?" Is the vaccine useless? ”
Maybe you've said these words, maybe you've heard them, maybe people around you have said them. Are these words true? Is it credible?
Today's article, we will talk about it.
Image source: Stand Cool Helo
First of all, it should be made clear that "class II vaccines" are not "vaccines that can be played or not". Don't be misled by the name to think that "one class is better, two classes are inferior to one kind".
In fact, we often say "class II vaccines" and "self-funded vaccines", which refers to non-immunization program vaccines.
Immunization programme vaccines (first-class vaccines) are vaccines that are provided free of charge by the government to citizens, and citizens should be vaccinated in accordance with government regulations. These vaccinations are free, and if your child does not complete the full vaccination procedure, they may need to be revaccinated before or after school.
Through immunization programmes, the mainland has eliminated smallpox virus since 1961, no cases of indigenous poliovirus (polio) occurred in 1994, and no cases of diphtheria have been seen since 2006.
Non-immunization programme vaccines (Class II vaccines) are vaccines administered on a "self-funded, voluntary" basis, including complementary vaccines for a class of diseases not covered by the vaccine, as well as alternative vaccines that can improve the efficiency of vaccination or have fewer contraindications.
Depending on the epidemic of the disease and the supply of vaccines, the government will also consider turning some non-immunization programme vaccines into immunization programme vaccines for free provision.
For us personally, the more Class II vaccinations allow, the more comprehensive the protection [1].
Today, according to the severity of the corresponding disease, incidence, timing of vaccination and other factors, we have selected 7 vaccines for you that also cost money to give your children. Here are the detailed instructions.
If you don't want to see a detailed description of a single vaccine, you can directly pull down to the end of the article. The age of each vaccination & time of dose and other important points, we have compiled into a table so that you can save directly to your mobile phone.
1. 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV 13): it is necessary to play, it is recommended to give as early as possible
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in the global childhood immunization programme [2].
On the mainland, pneumococcal disease is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age [3].
Moreover, pneumococcal infection may not only cause pneumonia, but also severe invasive meningitis, sepsis and other diseases, as well as common diseases such as sinusitis and otitis media.
Therefore, it is very necessary to vaccinate your baby against pneumococcal.
Although the number of doses required for vaccination also decreases with age, the earlier the vaccination, the earlier the protection, so it is recommended to do so as early as possible.
Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine) & 5 & 4: 1.5 months of age - 5 years
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, referred to as Hib vaccine, mainly prevents a series of diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b infection, such as meningitis, pneumonia, laryngitis, sepsis, etc.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that Hib conjugate vaccine be included in all routine infant immunization schedules [4].
Of course, the Hib vaccine can be replaced by a five-vaccine or a quad-vaccine.
The penta vaccine can prevent 5 diseases, instead of polio vaccine, DTP vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (self-funded), a total of 4 doses.
Compared with the usual separate vaccination, the five-dose vaccine can be given 8 doses less, reducing the risk of pain and adverse reactions caused by the baby's vaccination, as well as the risk of cross-infection in the hospital.
If the quintile vaccine is out of stock, or if the quintile vaccine is too expensive, it can also be replaced by the "quintile vaccine + polio vaccine" program.
Although this program has 4 more doses than the quintuple vaccine, it can also be given 4 fewer doses than the conventional separate vaccination.
Quad vaccines can prevent 4 diseases, instead of DTP vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (at your own expense).
3. Influenza vaccine: once a year for people over 6 months of age
Influenza is a high incidence in autumn and winter, the baby's immunity is poor, easy to infect with influenza, and even cause serious complications such as viral pneumonia or mixed pneumonia, and vaccination can play a role in protecting the body [5].
At present, the influenza vaccines approved for marketing in mainland China include: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3, 6 months of age to 35 months of age) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4, ≥ 3 years old people).
If your child is over 6 months old, it's best to get a flu shot every year. Even during the influenza epidemic season or even during the peak of influenza onset, you should try to get vaccinated for protection.
For children < 6 months of age, there is no flu vaccine to be given. Therefore, all close contacts of the family (adults and children alike) should be vaccinated against influenza, establish a family protection circle, indirectly protect the child, and avoid taking the virus home and transmitting it to the baby.
4. EV71 Hand-Foot-Mouth Vaccine (EV71 Vaccine): 6 months of age to 5 years
The Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention encourages children to complete the vaccination process before the age of 1 year, and the earlier children aged 1 year and older, the better [6].
HFMD is characterized by a high incidence, and although most of the symptoms are mild, they are also severe, and severe diseases can lead to death.
According to statistics: more than 70% of severe cases and more than 90% of hand-foot-and-mouth disease deaths are related to EV71 (enterovirus type 71) infection.
Vaccination with EV71 can effectively reduce the incidence of severe disease and death of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
Vaccination does not mean that the baby will not suffer from hand-foot-and-mouth disease. However, the main cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in children on the mainland is enterovirus type 71, so the EV71 hand-foot-and-mouth disease vaccine still has a certain protective effect on babies.
5. Chickenpox vaccine: 1 dose starting at 12 months of age, it is recommended to strengthen 1 dose after 4 years of age
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, mainly transmitted by droplets, so it is very easy to erupt in groups, especially in places where babies are highly concentrated, such as nursery schools and kindergartens, which require more attention [7].
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children receive one dose of the varicella vaccine before entering kindergarten [8].
Getting the chickenpox vaccine protects your baby. Even if you still get chickenpox after vaccination, the symptoms will be very mild.
Vaccination method: a total of 2 doses, generally recommended at 12 months of age, 4 years of age each dose.
Depending on the local epidemic situation and epidemic prevention needs, there may be different procedures in some areas, but as long as the chickenpox vaccine is vaccinated according to local requirements, it is safe and effective.
6. Oral rotavirus vaccine: start at 2 months of age
Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe dehydrated diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and rotavirus infectious diarrhea is the second leading cause of emergency and mortality (in addition to respiratory infections) in infants and young children.
THE WHO strongly recommends that rotavirus vaccine be included in national immunization programmes [9].
*Thanks to the National Immunization Program Advocacy Project Team of Peking University for their contribution to this article
Reviewer: Shao Yinan | director of Beijing Biological Products Research Association
bibliography
[1] National Immunization Program Vaccine For Children Immunization Procedures and Descriptions (2021 Edition)[J].,2021,2(02):81-86.
[2] World Health Organization (WHO), WHO Position Paper on Pneumococcal Vaccine (2012)[EB/OL].https://www.who.int/immunization/position_papers/WHO_PP_pneumococcal_2012_ZH.pdf, 2012.
Expert consensus on immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal diseases (2020 edition)[J].Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunology,2021,27(01):1-47.
[4] World Health Organization (WHO). Who's Position Paper on Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination [EB/OL].https://www.who.int/immunization/documents/summary_haemophilus_influenza_type_b_Chinese.pdf?ua=1,2013-7.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China (2020-2021)[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/bl/lxxgm/jszl_2251/202009/W020200911453959167308.pdf,2020-9.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Technical guidelines for the use of inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine [EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/bl/grxfxb/jszl_2265/201810/P020181010391205885510.pdf,2016-5.
[7] WHO Position Bulletin on Varicella and Shingles Vaccine[EB/OL].https:/www.who.int/wer/2014/wer8925.pdf?ua=1,2014-6.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Chickenpox vaccine [EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/ymyjz/ymlbgd/201211/t20121130_72490.html,2012-11.
[9] World Health Organization (WHO). Rotavirus Vaccine Position Paper [EB/OL].https://www.who.int/immunization/Rotavirus_Chinese.pdf, 2007-8.
World Health Organization. Position paper on HPV vaccine [EB/OL].https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/PP_HPV_Chinese_Oct2014.pdf, 2014-10.
*The content of this article is a popularization of health knowledge and cannot be used as a specific diagnosis and treatment recommendation, nor is it a substitute for face-to-face consultation by a practicing physician, for reference only.
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