"Fake three strange people" remnants
"Remembering the Three Strange People of Counterfeiting" is one of the most wonderful chapters in Chen Julai's "Trivia of Holding Characters" (edited by Sun Junhui, first edition of Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Publishing House in January 2011, and revised hardcover edition by Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Publishing House in March 2019), the three of whom are Tang Linze, Zhou Longchang and Zheng Zhuyou. Tang Linze turned the sand to imitate the Ming Dynasty purple sand pot hidden by Wu Hufan, and in his later years he triumphantly revealed his deceptive technique of adding false inscriptions on bronzes; Zhou Longchang's images could be moved east and west when he was framed, and he had secretly removed eighteen arhats from the five hundred arhat hand scrolls on silk and turned them into another volume without cutting; Zheng Zhuyou had any kung fu that could be copied according to the real book, and was later hired to go to the Palace Museum in Beijing to specialize in ancient painting repair (the first edition of "Trivia", pp. 189-193; the following use of this book is based on the first edition). The three fraudulent means of the giant weng ji are all painted and colorful, which is eye-popping and imaginative.
Manuscript of Trivial Memories of Holding Characters, 2021 photocopy of China Guardian
Chen Julai mentioned that Zheng Zhuyou was "originally a librarian of the Shanghai Municipal Museum of Culture and History", which reminded me of flipping through the "Directory of Librarians of the Shanghai Municipal Museum of Culture and History" (the spine and copyright page are signed with this name, and the cover is signed "The Directory of Librarians of the 35th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shanghai Municipal Museum of Culture and History 1953-1988", compiled by the Office of the Shanghai Municipal Museum of Culture and History, published in August 1988). It doesn't matter if you turn it over, not only Zheng Zhuyou, Tang Linze is also in the book. The resumes of the two men in the book are:
007-53007
Tang Linze (1888-1967)
A Tang An, a native of Jiaxing, entered the museum in June 1953. He once served as the deputy chief writer of Shanghai Business Daily and the editor of Youzheng Bookstore. Good at phonology. He has published "Six Dynasties Epitaph Jinghua" and so on. (18 pages)
339-57030
Zheng Zhuyou (1898-1976)
A Zheng Jun, a native of Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province, entered the museum in June 1957. Good at making up for ancient paintings, thinking that he is a karma. (73 pages)
Photographs are also available. Seeing the true faces of the strange people slightly satisfied my curiosity.
Directory of Librarians of Shanghai Municipal Museum of Culture and History, edited by the Office of Shanghai Municipal Museum of Culture and History, published in August 1988
Introduction of Tang Linze
Zheng Zhuyou Profile
Regarding the life of Tang Linze, Zheng Yimei's article "Strange People and Strange Things Tang Linze" is detailed, and there is a place in the article for Wang Yikun's "Brief Description of Calligraphy and Painting Appraisal" (Jiangsu People's Publishing House, May 1981 edition) "Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Fake Small Group" section added to the sentence is quite valuable:
The group refers to Tang Linze as the leader, Xu Zhengbai (Shanshui), Jin Zhongyu, Liu Bonian (flowers and birds), Chen [Zheng] Zhuyou (writing), Tang Linze, Hu Jing (engraving), Zhou Guisheng (mounting). The general design, composition, old-fashioned, and material selection are all responsible for Tang Linze. (Included in "Anecdotes of the Literary Circles of the Late Qing Dynasty and the Beginning of the People's Republic", see The Second Volume of The Selected Works of Zheng Yimei, Heilongjiang People's Publishing House, June 1991 Edition, 103 pages)
The backstage boss of the group is actually Tan Jing. Zheng Yimei revealed the inside story of this festival earlier, and now it is mature.
Unfortunately, Yi Weng wrote Zheng Zhuyou's surname wrong. Ju Weng misremembered Zheng Zhuyou from Yangzhou to Guangdong, and Huan Yun "only knew that he was a broker who could paint". Later, Zheng was hired by the Forbidden City to repair the ancient paintings, and Ju Weng only lightly commented that "compared with Tang and Zhou, this person seems to have gained better than the first two", in fact, Zheng Zhuyou's restoration technique of supplementing strokes was famous for a while. In 1963, when it was received for the Forbidden City, it was damaged, and when it was reinstalled, Zheng Zhuyou filled in the missing words according to the photos before the undamaged time, according to Xu Bangda, one of the "Ten Madmen" in Ju Weng's pen, the effect was "almost chaotic" (see Xu Wen's "The Writings of Su Shi and Mi Fu", originally published in the first series of the "Calligraphy Series", Cultural Relics Publishing House, February 1981 edition, 86 pages), which shows the emphasis.
The remaining Zhou Longchang in the "Counterfeit Three Strange People" has not yet shown his life. In the "Fiftieth Birthday of Zhang Daqian" written by Chao Zhangfu, a senior brother of the Dafeng Hall, it is mentioned that a person who loaded the pool, Zhou Longcang, was the same person:
Mr. Yu in ancient calligraphy and painting, treasure is like a ball diagram, love is like flesh and bones, so it is particularly elaborate in the pool. To the famous craftsmen Zhou Longcang and Liu Shaohou at home, training and guidance. The mutilated, make up for it, the dark one, try to rinse. Then the scale of the phase, the selection of good materials, will make the gods reappear, and the old view will be restored. It is better to cure the disease than to cure the disease. Therefore, the return of good calligraphy and painting to my master, when I am glad to have it, and as if I served the soup of life. (Originally published in the second series of "Zi Yue", published on June 10, 1948, 38 pages)
Naturally, he would not mention the matter of helping Zhang Daqian forge a fake.
In addition, I also noticed the account of Bao Limin's book "Zhang Daqian Art Circle" (new edition of Life, Reading and Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore in March 2019), saying that the so-called "Sleeping Ape Map" of Liang Kai of the Southern Song Dynasty, which was forged by Zhang Daqian and bought for Wu Hufan's negligence, was framed by Zhou Longchang, which was personally disclosed by Liu Lishang, a disciple of Dafengtang (150 pages). Chen Julai also mentioned the "Sleeping Ape Diagram" in the article "Remembering the Affairs of the Great Wind", and he asked Daqian: "Why do people who use Japanese auspa paper, and lake sails also use uraz paper to paint, will not be able to see it?" "Da Qianyun:" After the painting is done, put it in the open air, let the sun and rain, the paper becomes dark and damaged, and then processed and repaired to cure it, inscribed a Liao Ying Chinese character, there is no ancient book to be right." (The first edition of "Trivia", p. 32) Although the fake painting was made by Zhang Daqian, it can help to make the paper dark and damaged and rectified to the point of concealing Wu Hufan, which also proves Zhou Longchang's counterfeiting ability.
"Song Liangkai Sleeping Ape Diagram Divine Product", published on May 15, 1935, from the special supplement of Hangzhou's Southeast Daily, Jinshi Calligraphy and Painting, No. 24
Juxing Jaima Old Five
After Chen Julai wrote down the "Three Strange People who Forged The Strange People", he was still unfinished, and he added two more stories of Ma Laowu and Hu Mou, the framers sent by Yangzhou (the first edition of "Trivia", pp. 193-195).
According to Ju Weng Yun, during the years of Ma Lao Wu Bingyin (1926) and Ding Di (1927), the Juxing Zhaishi pond shop was opened along The Cihou Nanli Road on Tongren Road, which was exactly the mouth of the Houjia Lane in Gaoye, and the 500 paintings and plums and hundreds of Yang Lianjun Ma were framed by Gao. Later, Gao Yehou introduced Ma Laowu to Wu Hufan. Around 1928, Wu Hufan bought a large horizontal scroll of The Ming Dynasty Zhan Jingfeng cursive book at a low price, found Ma Laowu and asked him if he could cut several four-foot banners. Ma said yes, but the price cost one hundred and fifty yuan, and Wu Hufan allowed it. After a few months, I actually changed a horizontal scroll into several banners, and each one looked closely at the daylight, and no trace could be found. Wu Hufan read it carefully, but found that it was a mistake and smiled: "Boss Ma, you are out of bad trouble." Then he pointed to the last word of a certain line "宀" and the next line of the first word "Yuan" to explain: "This is a 'finish' word, you cut off your waist." Ma Yun: "This '宀' is connected with the previous word, and more than three points away from the 'yuan' word, I don't know cursive, so I have this error, and I can redo it." "Say it's gone." Later, Ju Weng asked whether the word "finish" was completed, and Wu Hufan said that "宀" had been transferred to the second line, and there was no flaw in the stroke that had not been cut. Ma Laowu's technique is so superb.
Chen Julai relayed the opinion of Liu Dingzhi, a famous artist who filled the pond, explaining the difference in decoration between the two schools of Su Yang: "The Suzhou school is good at hardcovering, and although the paper and silk paintings have not been damaged for hundreds of years, the techniques of rinsing gray and dark paper silk and repairing the separation are far inferior to those of the Yang Gang. Once the Yang Gang can be cured, it is as white as new, but it is not as good as a hundred years, and the picture is either like dust, or it is rotten. It is also said that Liu Ding's calligraphy and paintings belong to the Suzhou school, and Wu Hufan's self-collected calligraphy and paintings are framed by him, but if he buys the damaged gray and black paintings of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing masters, and will take them to be transferred, he will be handed over to Ma Laowu, who belongs to the Yangzhou school. I checked Wu Hufan's "Diary of the Ugly Basket" (stored in 1931-1939, including Liang Ying's editing and editing of Wu Yuanjing's "Wu Hufan Manuscript", China Academy of Art Publishing House, September 2004 edition), the number of references to Liu Dingzhi is indeed extremely dense, and Cao Youqing and others have also helped to load the pool, but Juxingzhai has only been mentioned once, for June 21, 1931: "Juxingzhai came with the winter heart big screen (lacquer book "Crane Endowment"), and the framer was one hundred and sixty yuan, which can be described as expensive. (p. 11)
Regarding the ending of Ma Laowu, Ju Weng said: "Hou Gaozhang was kidnapped by bandits, that is, after returning to Hangzhou, Ma Yi closed his shop and returned to his hometown. "Takano hou was kidnapped in 1930, and when I first read it, I wrote very little about it in the "Diary of the Ugly Man", and I thought that Ma Laowu had washed his hands and did not dry it earlier. Recently, I read the Shanghai newspapers and periodicals during the fall of The Fallen Period, and suddenly found out what happened later. On March 9, 1942, the 3rd edition of Shanghai's "Declaration" published a report entitled "The Malformation Development of the Calligraphy and Painting Market in Benbu Over the Years, The Perennial Exhibition, Sale, and Marketing Are Very Prosperous, and Su Yang's Two Gangs of Loading Pools Have Their Own Expertise", which are divided into seven sections: "Specializing in Mounting Ancient Paintings, Washing and Brushing as New", "Ingenious Craftsmanship," "Deformed Development of The Pool Loading Business," "Everyone's Elegant Luoyang Paper Is Expensive," "Famous Works by Famous Artists, There Are Fakes," "There Are Few Famous Artists of Golden Stones," and "The Value of Printing Stones Is Out of Stock, Soaring In Value," and the second section of the book has clouds:
Yang Bang Zhongju Xing Zhai Pool Shop, there is a framer Ma Mou, excellent technology. Recently, the famous painter Wu Mou's landscape long hand scroll was cut into hundreds of pieces, and patched together into four landscape halls, once people repeatedly inspected, absolutely can not see the framer, sincerely ingenious, divine skills. Unfortunately, this person has passed away a few days ago. (Originally, "broken sentence with")
"The Calligraphy and Painting Market in This Port Has Developed Abnormally over the Years, The Perennial Exhibition, Sale, and Marketing Are Very Prosperous, and the two gangs of Su Yang have their own specialties", Shanghai "Declaration", March 9, 1942, 3rd Edition
It can be seen that Ma Laowu continued to fill the pond until his death in the early 1940s. "Famous painter Wu Mou" still refers to Wu Hufan. The cutting of the long scroll is a four-dimensional divine skill, which should be more skilled than ten years ago, but unfortunately, neither the giant nor the "Declaration" report can record his real name.
Qing Secretary Cabinet Hu Yongqing
Another Yangzhou framer recorded by Chen Julai was Hu Mou of the Qing Dynasty Cabinet, but he did not remember the specific deeds of his people, but only focused on his two sons. The Qing Secret Cabinet was opened on Weihaiwei Road during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, where The giant's father, Chen Hongzhou, often framed calligraphy and paintings, so he became friends with the shopkeeper Hu Mou, and the mounting cost was preferential. Hu Mou had two sons, the eldest son passed on his skills, and succeeded him as a shopkeeper after the death of the old man; the second son was named Hu Ruosi, who was originally a disciple of Zhang Shanxiao and Zhang Daqian, "very good at painting, but his character was unbearable, and Zhang Men was also a rebel." This is because it is said that this person forged dozens of paintings during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, opened the so-called exhibition of Zhang Daqian's posthumous works in Shanghai, and the emperor published an advertisement, but unfortunately was seen by Zhang Daqian, so he also published a notice in the newspaper to attack him, and turned this rebel away forever (the first edition of "Trivia", p. 194; Ju Weng also mentioned this matter without naming names in "Remembering the Affair of the Great Wind", see page 45).
Although Ju Weng could not remember the name of Hu Ruosi's brother in his later years, he was extremely familiar with it at that time, and wrote down many mounting secrets he heard from him. One is that there is a sign on the door of his shop, which reads the words of the god of the acquisition of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, and even the one that is broken and only half of the body is collected. The god of joy is the ancestral idol of each family, no one wants it, and a few cents can also be bought, so one or two thousand pieces were collected at once. When you receive a damaged old painting that needs to be repaired, you can take out the Joy God and select the same type of old paper from each generation of paper. The second is that when encountering gray and black ancient paintings, you must buy the leftover soap and water from the bathhouse, immerse the paintings for a few days, and then rinse them, then the gray and dark are all removed, which is said to be a clever use of human oil stains. The third is that when repairing ancient paintings, it is necessary to align the same type of old paper patterns to sharp blades irregularly, so that the broken ones go, and the whole person fills in without any discomfort, because it is irregular, and the viewer's eyes are easy to be confused and difficult to find.
Although Hu Ruosi was expelled from the dafengtang disciples, Zhang Daqian, in addition to criticizing this person for his "improper moral character", also admitted that he "had some skill" (see Xie Jiaxiao's "Zhang Daqian's World", Times Culture Publishing Co., Ltd., January 1982 edition, pp. 108-109). The information of his life is not difficult to find today, and it is easy to detect that his father's name is Hu Yongqing. I searched for Hu Yongqing's name in various databases, and I did not get much, but I found a notice in the 20th edition of the Shanghai "Declaration" on July 1, 1931, and the 16th edition on July 2, 1931:
Expel the inferior
The contemptible people opened the Qing Secret Cabinet to install the pond in Laohe Road for many years, and they had little income and talked about how to make ends meet. However, the eldest son, Guangren (廣仁), the character Boshan,Xiang (陳伯山), who did not do the right thing, spent all his days indulging in gambling and repeatedly admonished him, and has now been expelled. Sincerely afraid that relatives and friends have not known about it, and then all the actions and money exchanges of Yi personally outside the country have nothing to do with me, and the special newspaper statement. Qing Secretary Cabinet Hu Yong Qing qi
(originally no punctuation)
Hu Yongqing's "Expulsion of Inferior Sons" Notice, Shanghai Declaration, July 1, 1931, 20th edition
The eldest son Hu Guangren mentioned here should be the brother of Hu Ruosi, who told the giant many framing secrets. According to the giant man, this father passed down the skills behind his father, inherited the family business, and probably finally asked his father's forgiveness?