Economic Observation Network reporter Pu Zhenyu On March 25, the China Electric Vehicle 100 Forum (2022) was held in Beijing. At the "Double Wisdom" forum on the first day of "Promoting the Coordinated Development of Smart Vehicles and Smart Cities", the heads of the two major regulatory departments of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, experts from the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, China Information and Communication Technology Group and other units, and executives of automobile companies or technology companies such as Huawei and Baidu introduced the progress of the "double wisdom" pilot in the mainland and made suggestions for the "double wisdom" pilot.
"Double intelligence" refers to the coordinated development of smart city infrastructure construction and intelligent networked vehicles. In 2021, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced 16 cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha and Wuxi as "double wisdom" pilot cities, with the purpose of continuously improving the level of urban infrastructure intelligence, accelerating the development of the intelligent networked vehicle industry, and forming replicable and generalizable experiences.
The mainland is the first country in the world to systematically carry out the coordinated development of "double intelligence", and there is no mature experience of other countries to learn from. For the "double wisdom" pilot work in the past year, Yang Hongyi, deputy director of the Department of Urban Construction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, gave a positive evaluation of "initial results". However, while the pilot has achieved results, the "double wisdom" work still faces a series of pain points and challenges in the four aspects of top-level design, infrastructure, effect perception and standard construction.
Improve infrastructure: Improve roadside coverage and vehicle end penetration
Chen Shanzhi, deputy general manager and director of the expert committee of China Information and Communication Technology Group, said that at present, the main problem in promoting the coordinated development of "double wisdom" cities is that the "two rates" cannot be achieved, that is, the roadside coverage rate and the vehicle end penetration rate. Roadside coverage is mainly whether C-V2X equipment is installed at intersections and important dangerous sections of urban roads to achieve assisted driving of intelligent networked vehicles. If the coverage rate of the roadside and the penetration rate of the car end are insufficient, and the real-time communication between the cars and vehicles cannot be achieved, the dual-intelligence effect is not shown.
For the importance of road testing facilities, Shang Guobin, vice president of Baidu and general manager of the intelligent transportation business unit, explained through the data. He said Baidu made some theoretical assumptions in 2017, predicting that 53% of the problem of self-driving vehicle takeovers could be solved by roadside facilities. In the past year, especially in the past six months, Baidu has found through experiments that 90% of the potentially major vehicle takeover problems at many intersections have been well solved by roadside equipment.
How to solve the problem of insufficient roadside coverage and vehicle-side penetration? Chen Shanzhi suggested that the C-V2X roadside coverage requirements, RSU and the number of perceived roadside facilities be clarified; the C-V2X vehicle penetration rate requirements should be clarified, and the OBU (intelligent networked vehicle unit) should be supported for government vehicles and social operation vehicles. "The first is the operating vehicles managed by the government, and the other is the medium and low speed unmanned driving in specific scenarios, such as unmanned sanitation and unmanned delivery."
At present, the model that is most closely integrated with intelligent network connection is electric vehicles, so the promotion of the "double intelligence" pilot not only needs to improve the road testing equipment of intelligent networked vehicles, but also needs to ensure the infrastructure support of electric vehicles. The data shows that in 2021, the penetration rate of L2-level intelligent networked passenger cars in the pure electric vehicle market will reach 33%, while the penetration rate in the fuel vehicle market will be only 19.4%.
Wang Kai, president of the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, said that at present, the utilization rate of charging piles in many cities is not high, including time utilization rate and total utilization rate. Last year, the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design released an annual report on charging piles to monitor the charging infrastructure of major Cities in China. The monitoring report shows that the current charging pile construction includes distribution, density, and use, which need to be greatly improved. This work should be sustained over the long term.
Improve effect perception: Landing more scenes to enhance the public's sense of gain
"Judging from the current pain points of the application of 'double intelligence' collaboration, we must strive to enhance the sense of gain of the people." Chen Shanzhi said that the construction of the "double wisdom" city has laid the foundation for the future development of all-weather, all-scenario unmanned driving industry, but this may be five or ten years later.
For now, Chen Shanzhi believes that the 16 "double wisdom" cities should adhere to the two aspects of safety and efficiency to enhance the people's sense of gain: for example, intersection collision warning, red light warning, emergency brake warning, dangerous road tip can improve safety through the Internet of Vehicles; priority traffic, lane flexible management, speed guidance, and unmanned clean vehicles can improve the utilization efficiency of urban management peak periods through the Internet of Vehicles.
And all of this needs to be realized in the corresponding application scenarios. For example, chen Shanzhi mentioned the "priority passage" in the context of intelligent networking, and Ma Wei, founder and CEO of Xidi Intelligent Driving, believes that it can be realized in the bus scene.
The bus scene in Ma Wei's mouth refers to the use of the latest intelligent networking technology by allowing the bus to actively issue a priority commuting request to the traffic light at the intersection. A traffic light intersection only needs to be loaded with a box, and it receives a request signal from the on-board OBU to determine whether to let the bus go first.
"Experiment with more application areas to further meet the needs of safe and convenient transportation." The deputy director of the Department of Urban Construction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said that it hopes to further focus on the needs of cities and citizens. Dual-intelligence construction related production, learning, research, and use of all parties to build more application scenarios, to try the path of commercial operation.
For the future landing prospects of the "double wisdom" application scenario, Shang Guobin expressed optimism, "The construction of the application scenario of the smart city has just begun. Following the PC Internet and mobile Internet, the next one is the intelligent network connection, but its application scenarios are not only in cars, but also in cities and massive application scenarios."
Strengthen top-level design: build a new system of safety rules and rules
As the relevant person in charge of the leading department of the "double wisdom" pilot work, Guo Shougang, deputy director of the first department of equipment industry of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at the forum that there are many problems in the current "double wisdom" pilot work in interdepartmental coordination, standards and regulations, etc., but these difficulties can be solved through efforts.
As for what problems exist at the regulatory level, in the view of Kong Lei, deputy director of the Management Committee of the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone and director of the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office, it is necessary to build new safety rules and rule systems to promote the "double wisdom" collaborative pilot.
"The existing traffic rules are defined around the traditional car, and the sign marking line information control is also oriented to people's visual perception, not for intelligent cars." In the future, the management of smart cities will produce a dynamic right-of-way distribution system, which can accurately allocate the driving routes of vehicles through data and refined traffic management, which will directly affect the driving logic of autonomous vehicles. At the same time, it also involves the formulation and improvement of a series of new rules such as data security and data governance. Kong Lei said.
It is understood that refined traffic management requires frequent data interaction between vehicles and roads, which directly involves data security issues and personal information protection.
In response to the safety of automotive data, in July 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and other departments jointly issued the "Several Provisions on the Safety Management of Automotive Data (Trial)", advocating the principles of automotive data processing such as "anonymization", "de-identification", "desensitization" and so on. But. While the policy document advocates a set of automotive data processing principles designed to safeguard data security and personal privacy, it does not provide further clarification on how these principles are implemented and specific requirements.
"As the competent department of the automotive industry, we (the first department of equipment industry of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) will do a good job in the strong backing of industrial development, continue to develop intelligent networked vehicles as an important strategic direction, adhere to the development route of "bicycle intelligence + network empowerment", continue to strengthen the top-level design, and constantly improve the policy and regulatory system. Guo Shougang said.
Dredging data obstructions: Accelerate the development of a unified standard system
"Whether it is energy interconnection, vehicle-road collaborative computing, or information interaction in smart cities, these all involve standard issues. If the standard is not unified, the data will not be able to achieve interconnection, which will reduce the supporting role of the vehicle-road-cloud integration platform, reduce the investment willingness of enterprises, increase the relevant costs, is not conducive to large-scale promotion, and needs to accelerate the formulation of a series of standard systems. Kong Lei said.
Zhang Yongwei, vice chairman and secretary general of the China Electric Vehicle 100 Association, also believes that the "double wisdom" pilot work needs to solve the problem of the standard system, "each city is exploring the standard of double wisdom collaboration according to the actual situation of the pilot, and the standard of the car has been established, and we are also building urban standards." At the same time, the problem of which standards to be solved in the collaborative link is also the key content that needs to be studied."
It is worth noting that according to the automotive standardization work list recently released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the construction of standards for autonomous vehicles in the field of intelligent and connected vehicles is one of the important work directions of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2022.
Specifically, in 2022, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will promote the preparation of draft standards for L3 and above general requirements such as intelligent networked vehicle automatic driving function requirements, design operating conditions and on-board positioning systems, complete the formulation and release of test method standards such as closed sites, actual roads and simulations, and coordinate to promote the formulation of standards related to smart city network infrastructure, and support the interconnection of intelligent networked vehicles with smart city infrastructure, intelligent transportation systems, big data platforms, etc.
In addition, in the construction of the standard system, Yang Hongyi has set his sights on a more macro position, not only paying attention to the standard construction at the city level and the vehicle level, but also paying more attention to the mutual recognition of standards between cities and cities. He expressed the hope that all parties will start from the "point" of technical research and application scenario innovation, gradually refine it into the "face" of the policy system, start from "one city and one standard", promote the co-construction and mutual recognition of relevant standards between 16 cities, continue to improve, and promote the standard results to the whole country after maturity.
![Plug-in hybrid can both refuel and charge, is it the best choice now?[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)