What comes to mind when you think of allusions in poetry?
I have a high probability of headaches, in the historical classics, myths and legends of those inexplicable stories, who remember so much ah, but the poets love to write these stories into poetry, especially Li Shangyin and Xin Shuyi, these two big men, can not be said to be in the poem to use the code, but to use the classic to compose poetry, the former a "Jinse", the latter a "Yong Yu Le Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu", a sentence a classic, can be called the use of the code of madness.
So the question is, why do poets love to use allusions, and how did the use of classics arise?
The rise of allusions
The use of allusions in poetry creation is not popular at the beginning, like the early five-character ancient poems, the syntax is very close to the prose, so flat and straight down, such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems":
Repeat the line and separate from junsheng.
More than 10,000 miles apart, each in the sky.
The road is long and obstructed, and the meeting is safe.
Huma follows the north wind and crosses the south branch of the bird's nest.
The day is gone, and the day of the belt has eased.
Floating clouds cover the day, and the wanderer ignores the reaction.
Sijun makes people old, and the years are suddenly late.
Don't give up the donation, don't repeat the road, and try to add more meals.
The syntax of this poem is almost prose, it is easy to understand when read directly, And Huma and Yue Bird are only relatively strange words, not allusions, and it is easy to understand simply look up the dictionary.
However, in the Tang Dynasty, the near-body poetry (Gelug poems) began to develop, and the almost prose syntax of the ancient poetry could not keep up with the development of the times, because the rhythmic poems should pay attention to both tone, rhyme, and duality, and on the basis of not destroying the grammar, they also used four sentences and eight sentences, or even one sentence and one link, to express the whole period of thought and feeling.
The poet must refine the syntax, use the less words to express more meaning, and at the same time, the tone and rhyme cannot be broken, and it is relatively easy to do duality and find pairs when the number of words is less.
Therefore, after the Tang Dynasty, the use of codex became more and more popular. (Of course, this is by no means to say that there was no need for allusions before the Tang Dynasty)
Use the canonical method
There are also many exquisite uses, not that you just think of a story and throw it into the poem. The poet engages in creation, which is a technical job, using allusions, using it cleverly, using it appropriately.
Sometimes you can say something directly, but you know, the poet's stuff is usually a bit of a sentimentality, today's lost love collapse, Ming'er Huaicai does not meet, a stomach complaint to vent, but can not be directly said, lose part, but also need to use allusions to euphemistic expression.
Therefore, the use of the code is also divided into light use and dark use.
Ming use is very simple, for example, Li He's "Yanmen Taishou xing" said that "the king's golden platform is intended, and the jade dragon is promoted to die for the king", which uses the allusion that The King of Yanzhao built a golden platform to recruit sages, which is easy to understand.
Secret use on the calf, in this regard Li Shangyin is a good hand, he not only uses the dictionary, but also uses the dictionary sentence by sentence, many people love to read Li Shangyin, this old brother poetry style is beautiful and misty, a reading gives people unlimited romantic reverie, but you can't read it, for example, "Jinse":
Jinser unprovoked fifty strings, one string and one pillar Sihua Nian.
Zhuang Sheng Xiao dreamed of butterflies, and wangdi chunxin trusted the cuckoo.
There are tears in the pearls of the sea and the moon, and the warm jade smoke of the blue field.
Can this be a memory? It was just that I was confused at the time.
This poem is quite popular, and it is basically a sentence-by-sentence dictionary, it seems very simple, Zhuang Sheng dream butterfly, cuckoo crying blood, canghai beads tears, good jade raw smoke, these things who do not understand ah. However, Li Shangyin's poems have such a characteristic, even if you explain the origin and meaning of these allusions to you word by word, it is still difficult for you to understand the original meaning of the poem.
What exactly is written in this "Jinse", countless experts, scholars, and critics have torn it up for 1,000 years, and there is no conclusion, some say that it is written about mourning, some say that it is about love, some say that it is self-injurious, and some say that this is a gorgeous erotic love poem... And each has its own reasons.
This is because Li Shangyin this guy, the allusions used in his poems, sometimes it is not the meaning of the allusions themselves, often still hide his own intentions, what is the intention, who is not a roundworm in his stomach, he did not say to write a note to his poems, so he can only guess.
It can be described as a classic.
brief summary
Well, the allusions in the poem are here, to summarize:
The use of allusions in poetry is because of the rise of Tang Dynasty near-body poetry, in order to match the requirements of tone, rhyme, battle and other rules, and gradually became popular, and the poems before the Tang Dynasty (even the early Tang Dynasty) also had allusions, but very few, until the middle and late Tang, represented by Li Shangyin and others, began to use codex for each poem, and even used the dictionary sentence by sentence.
The use of canon in the poem is divided into light use and dark use, and the explicit use is to use the meaning of the allusion itself to play a role in Bixing, while the secret use in addition to the meaning of the allusion itself often hides the author's deeper intention.
Finally, in a little bit of mention, in addition to the use of light and dark use, there are also positive use, reverse use, borrowing and other canonical techniques, but they are included in the two kinds of light and dark, can only be specific poetry specific interpretation, here is not an example.