Mention the three major parts of the traditional fuel vehicle, everyone will subconsciously say: engine, gearbox, chassis, but to the electric vehicle, but and the fuel car has a very big difference, although the overall appearance is a "car", but the internal structure has undergone earth-shaking changes; there is no engine and gearbox inside the electric vehicle, the three major pieces are replaced by: batteries, motors and electronic control systems; the source of power output is to output the battery's electrical energy to the motor, through the motor for electrical energy into kinetic energy, drag the vehicle, The operation that completes the driving process.
The double-sidedness of the motor
At present, the electric vehicles we can buy on the market have a "special" function, the name is energy recovery; the energy recovery system, that is, the kinetic energy wasted by the vehicle during taxiing and braking, the secondary recovery becomes electrical energy, in this process, many small partners may not know what kind of process it is; some enthusiastic netizens have asked the author, this energy recovery is in the electric vehicle and then back a small generator and wheel linkage? In the process of braking and coasting, the wheel drives the generator, converts the kinetic energy into electricity, and then sends the electrical energy back into the battery?
In principle, this process is completely correct, but the interior of the electric vehicle is not in everyone's mouth: a small generator is installed separately; there is no generator, so what is going on?
At present, the electric vehicles on the market, the internal use of AC motors to do kinetic energy output, and the AC motor is currently used at most for the permanent magnet synchronous motor and AC asynchronous motor, today's content does not do a deep discussion of the two motors, just to explain; the current electric vehicle internal motor, although there is a difference, but are AC motors, in the motor interior, respectively, there are stators and rotors, after the stator windings are connected to AC, the stator rotation magnetic field is generated, the rotor windings receive the stator rotation magnetic induction to generate induction current, and then trigger the motor rotation In this process, the motor outputs electrical energy to the inside of the motor, and then triggers the motor to turn on the rotation to do kinetic energy, and then outputs the kinetic energy of the motor to the vehicle drive system, and the electric vehicle opens the motion state.
From the normal principle, the motor is to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy, while the workmanship of the generator and the motor is just the opposite, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Although the motor is different from the generator, and the working principle is completely different, but the structure is completely consistent, are composed of stators and rotors, and are using the principle of electromagnetic induction in the work, because electromagnetic induction is reversible, so the motor inside the electric vehicle can be used as a generator when needed, is it not magical?
When the electronic assist brake of the electric vehicle intervenes in the work, and when the electric vehicle is sliding in inertia, the motor is in a static state because there is no electrical energy input, and when the assist brake and inertial sliding, the vehicle will drag the motor backwards to rotate, and when the motor is forced to drag and rotate, it is the generator state, because the electromagnetic induction mentioned above is wasted when the motor is forced to rotate, which is to waste kinetic energy of the vehicle, and after passive rotation, it is converted into electrical energy, which is output to the inside of the battery; it is precisely because of the multi-faceted nature of the motor, so In order to make electric vehicles have energy recovery systems and further promote environmental protection projects.
AC or DC?
Just said earlier, the current electric vehicles are used ac motors, but we know that the power battery pack output is direct current (fast charging system is to charge direct current into the battery), so, inside the electric vehicle, is the need for inverters to convert the battery's DC, the DC power into alternating current and then output to the motor, and when the motor is "forced" to become a generator, the source is also alternating current, this alternating current also needs to be converted into DC in the recharge to the battery, The working state of the entire energy recovery of the stroke.
Very early before the first generation of electric vehicles, there are also many no energy recovery system, most of them for the internal use of DC motors, and DC motors can complete the energy output without inverters, but whether it is AC motors or DC motors, as long as "forced" to become generators, because the electrical energy generated by forced rotation is alternating current, in the DC motor electric vehicle without inverters, these generated ALTERNA can only be forced to waste, so those electric vehicles that do not have energy recovery systems are mostly "old cars" that use DC motors. 。
Write at the end
The internal structure of electric vehicles, compared with traditional fuel vehicles, there are many steps and principles of energy conversion, the energy recovery system is only a "tiny" part of the electric vehicle, but it can play a key role in many places, remember the author before the test drive FAW Volkswagen ID.6 CROZZ, only 15 + km endurance at the top of The Folding Mountain, and then open the downhill, in the downhill journey, the whole process of energy recovery state, to the bottom of the mountain, the endurance is not only not reduced, but increased a lot, so at the critical moment, Energy recovery can indeed reflect the "environmentally friendly" nature of electric vehicles.