There are six ancient poems of the Mid-Spring Spring Society, and on this day the spring wind belongs to the society, talk about the ancient spring society
In the early ancient poems, you often see words such as the Spring Society and the Sheri. For example, the poem that we are familiar with in Lu You's work, "The mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way, the willows are dark and the flowers are bright and another village", is written about the abundance and joy of people in the period of the Spring Society. The Spring Festival seems to be a big festival, but when I open some calendars, I find that I can't see the specific dates. Why is this?
She, the word, was originally a sacrifice to the god of the land. We often often use the "Jiangshan Sheji", that is, in this vast land, there are people who worship the earth god Ceres and live and work here in peace and contentment. During the Zhou Dynasty, the altar of Sheji was placed on the right side of the palace, and a solemn sacrifice was held every year. For farmers who live on nature and land, worshipping the land god is also a major event of the year.
The original Chinese calendar was related to celestial signs, supplemented by religion, so the original day of the society was divined by the high priests of the state, and the date was uncertain. The Han and Tang dynasties, advocating Taoism, mostly obtained according to some calculation methods of Taoism.
There are spring and autumn shrines on the society day, and they are all sacrifices to thank the land and nature.
In the Tang Dynasty, the Spring Society had already been determined to be the fifth day after the establishment of spring. Because of the shu, it represents the earth in the five elements. In Taoism, there is a combination of myths and Taoist teachings about Shu Ri, saying that Shu Ri should fear the land gods and not cultivate and pollute the land.
In the vast countryside of China, the combination of primitive worship and Taoist doctrine, coupled with the rulers, also emphasized the importance of the social day, and the folk spring society activities became a fixed festival for the worship of land gods and rural leisure gatherings.
Then, the fifth day after the spring is not fixed on a certain day of the lunar calendar, but according to the calculations, it can be known that it is five days before the spring equinox and seven days after the spring equinox. And this time, it is the middle of spring, the germination of thousands of trees, the field grass is long, suitable for spring ploughing. In the interval between spring ploughing, people pause for a day, do a day of relaxation, gather together to worship the gods of the community, share rich sacrificial fruits, exchange farming experience, maintain rural people's feelings, and form an excellent rural cohesion.
Tang Xuanzong attached great importance to the social day in the countryside, because as a festival, it covered a rich connotation, and rural production, morality, and harmony were the cornerstones of the stability of the empire.
On the day of the society, the shrine is sacrificed, the community wine is drunk, and the community meat is eaten. The person who presides over the Spring Society is often a person of high moral integrity and fairness and justice, and he presides over the division of various meat, vegetables and fruits after the sacrifice, so as to achieve average fairness. And because such a spring society is a collective activity in the countryside, in addition to the sacrifice, it is full of rural harmony, happiness and exuberance.
This is also the liveliness and happiness of many Tang and Song poets, who cannot be erased in their memories, and belong to the pastoral spring of their hometown.
"The rice sorghum under the goose lake mountain is fertile, and the guinea pig is half hidden."
Mulberry shadow oblique spring society scattered, the family supported intoxicated. Don · Wang Driving "Society Day"
On social days, it is not allowed to work in the fields. What do people do without working? They closed the pigsty and sheepfolds, dressed themselves, and took the whole family to the land temple or the village ancestral hall to the party.
Spring ploughing has been going on here for some time, such as this rich land with lakes and mountains, and large tracts of farmland that are already thriving with rice sorghum crops. The spring in the field was just right, but it was silent.
When I went to a house, I saw that the pigs and chickens were locked in cages, and the yard door was half hidden, but there was no one there.
Such a family, so every family, if contemporary people travel through the past, I am afraid that they will feel surprised and frightened. Where have people gone?
At dusk, the sun tilts westward, you will see the flow of people from a fixed place, one after another back to the home, the three or five groups, not only talking and laughing, there are actually many drunk people, supported by the family to return, but the whole state, is relaxed. People had happy and contented expressions on their faces, greeting each other.
It turned out that they were all participating in the spring club activities in the countryside on this day. Presumably hilarious.
Spring Society is a farmer's festival, you see a few days of the year, they can leave the land nail rake, happy relaxation drinking? Today they had a date with the god of the land to change cups and cups.
"The mountain county has many days, and the society will let the officials return.
Sitting in the cabinet alone into a stuffy, row pond to read Qinghui.
The spring breeze moves the willows, and the garden hides the sunset.
In the middle of the thoughts, the mood is slight. 'Zhongtang · Wei Yingwu "Sheri Sends Cui Dushui and the Genus of the Brothers"
Sheri Day is a festival, and the countryside is victorious, but on this day, the Tang Dynasty also gave officials a holiday to show their attention to agriculture and the gods. People who are close to their hometowns naturally rush back to participate in such gatherings.
However, Wei Yingwu was transferred to Chuzhou assassin history this year, he gave himself and his subordinates a holiday according to the holiday convention, and when everyone else was gone, there were only a few people left in the official court, and he did not establish a good and deep relationship in Chuzhou at this time, that is, the Spring Society Day, and he did not have the opportunity to integrate into the local countryside.
Then a man wandered around the office. First I sat upstairs for a while, then went to the pond and walked around. You must know that on this day, the people who can return to their hometowns have returned, and the emptiness of the disappearance of the voices in the spring and the dissipation of popularity makes him very uncomfortable.
This day was relatively long, the infinite spring breeze willows, nothing he did, but you could see the sunset, so easy to send this day off.
In the evening, he finally spoke out about his depression.
If this is in Chang'an, in the hometown, how lively should it be today? Brothers and their families can gather together to participate in spring club activities, and in the evenings, they can drink and write poems with friends. But I was alone in other places, from the flowers and plants in the morning to the sun at night.
When I saw this, I laughed, and it seems that the Tang Dynasty people really like to be lively.
Only one day off, but she became a resentful woman from a high-ranking official.
"Mo Xiao farmers are full of wine, and in good years, they stay with chickens and dolphins."
Mountains and rivers are doubtful and there is no way, and the willows are dark and the flowers are bright and another village.
The drum follows the spring society, and the crown is simple and ancient.
From now on, if you are idle and ride the moon, you will knock on the door at night with a staff. Southern Song Dynasty · Lu You "Tour to Shanxi Village"
The poem is actually about a trip to the countryside on the eve of the Spring Festival. Lu You returned to his hometown this year to visit his former friends in the countryside.
The other party was full of enthusiasm, took out the New Year's unused wine, said, you don't laugh at me here still have the wine of the Wax Moon, because last year became good, so more brewed, until now has not finished drinking, you came, just right, quickly kill the chicken to slaughter meat, this chicken is fat enough, and then do not eat it, it is old.
This is the mid-spring season, the land tour is a boat trip, the green mountains and rivers are stacked on the bow of the boat, as if it is an inlet, there is no other way, until the boat is close, the water turns around the mountains, there is another bright scene. It turned out that there was another mountain village here, and the peach blossoms, plum blossoms, apricot blossoms bloomed all over the coastal mountains, and a kind of flower light, even the green of the newly sprouted willow trees was suppressed.
This is more beautiful and real than the Peach Blossom Origin.
And his deceased relatives and friends, who lived here, in the courtyard deep in Tao li, greeted him happily and took out the wine to entertain the guests.
Then he heard the lively sound of the drums, which turned out to be the villagers preparing for the Spring Festival, including the music, cattle and sheep, and songs and dances for the preparation of the sacrifice. The Spring Society is an important gathering in the countryside, and the preparatory work will definitely be advanced to three or two days ago, and it has not yet arrived at the Spring Society, and there has gradually become that kind of hustle and bustle.
People attach importance to the Spring Festival and rare gatherings, and the busy bustle is full of simplicity.
Lu You's mood was also better, he had been deposed and returned to his hometown, his mood was originally very depressed, but seeing the abundance and simplicity of this mountain village, he also calmed down all kinds of grievances in the court.
Immediately the Spring Society arrived, after the wax wine is the community wine, for the sake of this rustic folk customs and the endless mountain and country wine, he decided, the Spring Society will come again!
Chihiro Laughed, this day's spring breeze belonged to the society.
Open your eyes and have compassion for the flower pressed hat, let go of the joy and wine to cure deafness.
Carrying a knife to cut the flesh is still in the wind, and Buwa preaches the same slang.
It is said that the peach and plum path has been planted, and the shallow crimson is recognized across the creek. Northern Song Dynasty · Li Gonglin"Spring Society Out of the Suburbs"
Then this poem is closer to the core of the Spring Society.
There are solemn worships of the land gods, in which the elderly in the village are highly respected.
Shegong I refers to the land god, usually mythological and folk has been specific to the white-haired and kind grandfather. One refers to the long-lived old people in the mountain villages, they are living towns and village treasures, representing the fertility of the land here.
Therefore, social day is also a festival for the elderly in the countryside.
Under the huge ancient oak tree in the ancestral hall, people from a village came to incense the land god and prostrated their heads to the long-lived elderly in the village. Of course, the spring wind belongs to the land god and also belongs to the long-lived old man.
Everyone has put flowers on the old man's hat, and it is said that the social wine on this day can make people's ears and eyes clear, so both young and old must drink, and the old people especially need to drink more.
There is also the ancient custom of the Spring Society of the Han Dynasty, where the elderly distribute meat pieces according to the head. This meat should be used by large households to sacrifice to the gods of the land, and it is also a rare way of material balance. Those who come have a share.
And this divination with tiles has also become a custom, although I don't know what the content of their divination is, or the harvest, or the time when the land god came.
The Spring Society is actually a huge opportunity in the countryside, so many people, there is always an endless topic.
For example, he heard that a relative or friend had planted a peach and plum tree, and pulled him to look into the distance, the flowering on the water's edge, the light red was my family's piece, and the dark red was a certain family's.
The poem is vividly written. The meaning of the Spring Society is also that it is a major social gathering, where people share various experiences, and many of them are conducive to agricultural cultivation and harvest.
"Pick a good dish and get drunk at night, and then lift a clear bottle in the spring."
Not to return to the Oriental state, and to Be drunk on Shao Yan. Northern Song Dynasty · Wei Jun's "Drink on the Day of peace"
Not only in the countryside, but also in the cities, because of the social day holiday, the mid-spring of the lunar calendar has another beautiful holiday.
The second day of february in the lunar calendar is the festival of picking vegetables, and in the middle of February of the lunar calendar, it ushered in the social day.
Drinking she-day wine is a custom, and these wines that sacrifice to the gods of the land will also be added to the herbs in accordance with the seasons in the Tang and Song dynasties.
What to add to the community wine is not clear now, but in the spring, people often want those who clean the liver and the purpose of the diet to maintain the clear qi of the body.
The legend of the community wine is that it can be blind and cure deafness in the ears.
So almost everyone has to drink community wine.
Here, on the one hand, it is a sacrifice, and on the other hand, it is also a light and beautiful spring wine.
This poem is very naughty, saying that he is an Oriental Shuo, in order to show that he should not forget his identity, no matter what, he must learn to drink from Dongfang Shuo.
Although the degree of this kind of wine in the Song Dynasty is extremely low, almost everyone can drink it, but how to look, he is a bit like a gluttonous wine, which is drunk through the bright and upright festival.
It is precisely because the spring society is in the middle of the spring to sting the spring equinox between the Qingming, which is the beautiful season of spring wind and rain and flowers blooming, so the poems often have sheyan and sheyu to emphasize the beauty of this period.
"Thinking about Qing is good, but there is no reason for the small station."
The first half of the flower spring society rain, Matsuma Sanju twilight mountain clouds.
Turning around is sad. "Late Song dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty · Huang Gongshao looks to Jiangnan Third
For example, this song wangjiangnan, is written in this period, is the sting of the spring equinox during the rain, he used the spring society rain, as if the land god specially apparition to rain the soil, more appears to be rich in flowering, the land is fertile.
I think about the sunny days in Gangnam, but I also like the spring rain in Gangnam.
In the first half of mid-spring, it rained endlessly, the flowers bloomed and moisturized, and even the mountains were hazy with smoke and rain, and it was not sunny for three days.
It is said that the spring rain is sad, but there is also the beauty of melancholy.
This is if the Gangnam than The West, during the Spring Festival, the rain and shine are always appropriate.
As a festival to maintain the grass-roots society of agriculture, the ancient Spring Society Rally once played an active role in stabilizing the countryside. But now it is certain that the core of this festival is unscientific, so it is not popular.
However, the Spring Society also represents an important and beautiful time, so it is necessary to understand the origin and time period of the Spring Society in reading ancient poems. Flying around the swallow rain, the second noisy spring equinox flowers.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.