Produced by Xinmin Evening News "Shanghai Moment"
The WorldSkills Museum, located at 1578 Yangshupu Road, is under construction and will open for trial operation in July and officially open in October. The museum is 4 storeys high, with a total construction area of about 10,000 square meters, and its predecessor is the West Wing of the Yong'an Stacked Twin Building, which was built in 1922, and is one of the industrial historical buildings of Yangpu Riverside Public Space. In anticipation of the upcoming 46th WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai, this century-old warehouse, which stands on the riverside, will be transformed into the world's first physical museum recognized by WorldSkills to showcase vocational skills.
Pictured: The World Skills Museum is under construction and renovation Xinmin Evening News reporter Wang Kai photographed (the same below)
Keep the old taste
Repairing the old as old is the purpose of this renovation. Li Li, professor at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University and the main creative designer of the renovation project, introduced: "There are three principles for repair, one is to maintain the original authenticity of the original style, followed by the identification of the new and old structures, and the last is that the changed parts must be reversible and can be restored to the original state. ”
To this end, most of the design of the old building has been preserved - the main staircase connecting the East and West Building warehouses with the Huangpu River Wharf and the driving road has maintained a wide and gentle structure that was originally convenient for moving goods; the large iron door of the warehouse, which is also "original", only replaces the iron nails and iron sheets on the doors...
Many traditional architectural techniques were used in the renovation, including the process of cutting fake stone on the white cement wall of the building façade and the process of pressing the tulk cement wall. Zheng Feng, a cultural relics franchiser at the Yangpu District Cultural Relics Management Affairs Center, said: "For building materials alone, we have held two expert review meetings in advance, a total of six or seven meetings. In order to make the color of the façade wall more restored, the team adjusted more than 20 editions in combination with historical materials and the remains of the building itself. The construction unit is Shanghai Weifang Building, which has the experience of repairing many historical buildings such as Xuhui District Catholic Church, Chen Wangdao Memorial Hall, and BlackStone Apartment, and they have specially trained a group of craftsmen who can do fake stone and wool pressing technology for the repair of old buildings. Project manager Liu Shendong revealed: "The pattern of the fake stone wall is hand-cut by the teacher Fu with one knife and one knife. Repairing the façade of the Yong'an Stack took more than 50 craftsmen more than 2 months to finalize. ”
Pictured: The wool pressing process used only for the outer wall
The restoration team also tried to preserve the industrial traces of the building itself as much as possible. The ceiling of the south hall on each floor is made of concrete pouring, but a hundred years ago, there was no single smooth floor as a mold for the ceiling pouring, only pieces of pine planks could be spliced together, and the final solidified concrete also left a section of wood plank texture. Therefore, the restoration team deliberately cut the original mold into similarly sized long plates, and then spliced them together, so that the newly poured ceiling also left similar wood marks. Liu Shendong explained: "Although these traces can be regarded as a kind of 'defect' in the craftsmanship at that time, it is also a witness to the development of construction technology in the past century, and it is a historical trace worth preserving. ”
The most characteristic architectural structure of Yong'an Stack house is the original 81 octagonal prisms in the warehouse, the prisms are spaced 6 meters apart to form a square column network, and the top of the columns supports the ceiling structure with an angular bucket-like column cap, there is no beam, and the whole building belongs to the modern style four-story beamless building structure. Li Li introduced: "The 81 pillars that run through the four layers are not exactly the same from top to bottom, and the more the upper the column, the narrower and gradient. But if the structure of the building itself is maintained, it is difficult to find a single floor to see. "Therefore, Li Li designed a longitudinal staggering between the four floors to open up the patio, one to increase the lighting, and the other to cut off the excess ceiling along the top of the column, so that the columns of each two floors are connected together to become a long column, and the visitor can intuitively see the gradient structure of the prism." Such a design, on the basis of 'minimal intervention', changes from passive protection to active transformation, which better strengthens the historical information left by the old building. ”
Pictured: The tin gate that has been preserved
Empower new features
From a transit warehouse connecting waterways and land a hundred years ago to an exhibition venue connecting China and the world today, Li Li said that the old building has experienced a functional upgrade from simply "serving things" to "serving people" at the same time. Originally used only for stacking goods, in order to become a space for exhibitions, public events, collections and offices, many functions such as lighting, lighting, ventilation, temperature control, and earthquake resistance need to be re-planned.
First of all, because the Yong'an Stack was built a hundred years ago, the seismic requirements and technical level of the building at that time were far from the standards required by modern museums. The most direct way to increase the resistance to earthquakes is to strengthen the beams and columns of the house, but the octagonal prism and beamless building structure are the most iconic architectural features of this old building, which can not be easily changed, but also need to be displayed to visitors in an authentic way. Therefore, the design team abandoned the plan of wrapping and reinforcing the columns, and adopted the "anti-beam" scheme, which built the additional beams above the floor slab, that is, the floor surface of the upper floor. In this way, after the marble floor is paved, people are completely unaware of the existence of "beams" in this beamless four-story building. In addition, the renovation also added four earthquake-proof core tubes to the stairs in the dead corner of the original building, which is also the mainstream structural form widely used in supertall buildings in the world. Li Li explained: "We are using the latest technology and concepts to improve and protect this old building. ”
Pictured: Octagonal prism beamless building cover structure
The floor height of the west building of the old Yong'an stack is not high, the highest floor is only 4.8 meters, and the shortest is only 3.8 meters, which is already cramped for the museum. If the general ceiling is used to bury the air conditioning ventilation line, it will occupy nearly half a meter in the originally stretched floor high school. Therefore, the project refers to the latest design concept, buries the pipeline and beam together in the ground overhead layer, and the air conditioning outlet is also "not overhead under the feet".
In addition to earthquake prevention, the most difficult problem to solve in this repair is lighting. The warehouse's requirements for lighting were low, so the original Yong'an stack had only a row of long windows on each floor, and the middle of the hall was almost pitch black. Therefore, the split-level patio designed by Li Li for the museum has a great use. When the weather is clear, as soon as you step into the first floor of the museum, you can see the sun pouring down from the top of the fourth floor. The four-story patio is staggered and arranged in a stepped manner, echoing the new industrial staircase and making the lighting area even larger.
Environmental protection is also an important concept in this renovation project. When the Yong'an Stack Renovation Project was first started in 2017, the design team added two huge rainwater collectors in the middle of the east and west buildings to use the rainwater for the museum's daily greening and cleaning. In this round of repairs, the design team continued the idea of environmental protection, replacing the original steel long strip windows with imitation steel windows that were exactly the same as the original windows to enhance the heat insulation effect to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
Pictured: Rainwater collector between the east and west buildings
Zheng Feng said: "In October, the museum officially opened to the public, and we look forward to this old building being revitalized and becoming the 'C bit' star of Skills in Yangpu and even the world!" (Xinmin Evening News reporter Wu Xuying)
Immediately evaluate the aesthetic value of | industrial heritage
The huge volume, rough structure, straight lines, and gray and dark colors seem to have little to do with the gorgeous and beautiful "historical buildings" that people remember. But when encountering two century-old warehouses on the side of the red Yangpu Bridge, the stark contrast between warm and cool, slender and square, agile and thick is still shocking.
Walking into the Yong'an Stack, stepping on the stairs, I found that the steps were particularly low, about half of the ordinary stair steps. I remember that the sihang warehouse on the banks of the Suzhou River was the same, only because the items stored in the warehouse were carried by the workers one by one, and the feet of the workers who carried hundreds of pounds of heavy objects could only be lifted to such a high height. Beamless building structure, 81 octagonal prisms, long high windows, concrete ceiling... The two warehouse buildings of 10,000 square meters each built more than 100 years ago have actually reached a very high level in architectural design and construction technology. The low steps are a heavy memory, reminding people of how hard labor was once here.
The WorldSkills Museum is under construction and renovation
In Shanghai, which has witnessed the history of China's modern and modern industrial development, especially along the Yangpu Riverside and Suzhou Creek, there are not a few such industrial buildings. The factories, warehouses and docks that have experienced vicissitudes record the arduous entrepreneurial history of national brands and the glory and glory of state-owned enterprises. Industrial heritage has a special rigid beauty, behind which there is a spirit of craftsmanship, entrepreneurship and struggle, which is worth remembering and passing on from generation to generation.
In recent years, the aesthetic value of industrial heritage has been re-recognized. Since 2018, the mainland has established the China Industrial Heritage Protection List, and two batches have been issued so far, and a large number of industrial heritage has been protected, restored and reused. Happily, the West Building of Yong'an Stack has a new name, the World Skills Museum; what is even more gratifying is that the design and restoration team repairs the old warehouse like an old bungalow, brushing away the vicissitudes, wiping away the rust, restoring its style to the greatest extent with the spirit of craftsmanship, and becoming an example of the revitalization and utilization of industrial heritage.
Soon, the new museum on the banks of the Huangpu River will open to the public, telling the story of Shanghai to the world. (Shao Ning)