They came out of here at night, covered in thick fog, and sang in beautiful songs, praising Zeus, the holder of the Aegis, praising the majestic Hera, the goddess of gold shoes on the feet of Agos, and Athena, the daughter of Aegis, the bearer of Aegis, and Forbos. Apollo, Artemis, the archer-loving Artemis, poseidon the floater and shaker of the earth, the venerable Themis, the seductive Aphrodite, the golden-crowned Herbert, the beautiful Dionysy, Leto, Iapetos, and the cunning Kronos, Eos, the great Helios, and the bright Selene, they also praise Caia, the great Okeanos, the dark Newx, and other immortal gods... - excerpts from the text of the Genealogy of the Gods
The gods of Olympus
In many film and television dramas, we can see characters from ancient Greek mythology; when traveling in Europe, we often inadvertently find traces of Greek mythology. These traces have spread beyond mainland Greece and around the world – the statue in front of the Austrian Parliament building is the goddess Athena; the maritime exchange in St. Petersburg is built in the style of an ancient Greek temple; even if you return to China, which is thousands of miles away, many people can mostly name mythological figures such as Zeus, Athena, Venus, and Apollo. Greek mythology, however, is too complex. The most direct impression of Greek mythology is the word "chaos". This chaos includes not only the confusion of the relationship between the characters, but also the confusion of morality and ethics in mythological stories.
Ancient Greek genealogy
This relationship diagram is too complicated, the cut is still messy, it doesn't matter, let's talk about it in detail below.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > First, the god of chaos created five creation gods</h1>
Creator God and gaia children
In the mythology of ancient Greece, it is similar to the legend of China's pioneering world. According to the Genealogy of the Gods written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod and early Greek mythology (8th century BC), at the beginning of the universe, only Chaos existed in a vast, empty space, or he himself was this space. Subsequently, he relied on asexual reproduction to give birth to Gaia, the god of the earth, Tartaros, the god of the abyss of hell, the god of darkness, Nix, the goddess of night, and Eros, the god of love, the five gods of creation, and the world began.
(1) Gaea: The goddess of the earth, one of the founders of the world, was first born in Kaos, one of the five creator gods, who created the earth, the sea and the sky. Thus there was the god Uranos, the primordial sea god Pontos, and the mountain god Urria.
(2) Tartarus: The god of the abyss in hell, born in Kaos, the essence of the abyss, one of the five creation gods. Located at the very bottom of the earth, and Gaia gave birth to the monster Typhon. Titan, who was defeated in the Battle of Titan, was imprisoned here.
(3) Erebus: The God of Darkness, one of the Five Creation Gods, the embodiment and entity of darkness, born in Kaos, the embodiment of eternal darkness. It is also part of the underground world, located between the Yang World and the Underworld, and is the first place where the deceased passes.
(4) Nyx :The goddess of the night, the body of the night, is also the basic element that makes up the universe, one of the five creation gods. Live at the entrance to the Underworld or at the Styx. She conceives gods such as light, day, dreams, death, sleep, fate, pain, aging, and revenge. It was of a high status and binding on both the Olympus gods and humans.
(5) Eros: Born after darkness and darkness, one of the five creator gods. The embodiment of love and fertility is that he promotes the fertility and love of the gods. This is not the same person as Eros, the son of Aphrodite, the god of love, and sometimes people are often mixed up as one person because they have the same name, the same god of love.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > 2. Children of Gaia, mother of the gods</h1>
Children of Gaia and Uranos
Gaia was united with the god Uranos and gave birth to 12 Titans titans, 3 cyclops and 3 hundred-armed giants, 150 giants of the giant spirit tribe (Decamtes), and the goddess of vengeance, Erinius, and the three goddesses of white oak, Mollières. The 12 titan gods are the six male titan gods: Kronos, Oceanus, Hooperion, Cleos, Koos, Iaptos, and six female titans: Tessis, Thea, Monemusine, Faube, Rhea, and Themis.
(1) Ouranos
Born from the finger of Mother Earth (Gaia), Uranos symbolizes hope and the future and represents the sky. Uranos was the eldest son of Gaia, the husband of Gaia and the father of the twelve titans, cyclops and hundred-armed giants, and the first king of the gods.
Due to Uranos' lust for power, Gaia eventually couldn't stand it. She made a small scythe and had her son Kronos kill Uranos, and legend has it that from his bleeding was the three goddesses of vengeance, and from the foam splashed in the sea was born Aphrodite, the goddess of love.
(2) Cronos
"Sickle seizure" Kronos overthrew Uranos
The son of the god Uranos and gaia, the youngest of the twelve gods of Titan, was approved by Gaia to castrate and overthrow his father Uranos with a sickle, becoming the second king of the gods, known in history as the "sickle to seize the throne". Kronos was well aware of the power of his Cyclops and Hundred-Handed Brothers, and saw their presence as a potential threat to his throne. Therefore, Kronos set up a poison scheme to capture them and imprison them in the hell of Tartaros (the creator of hell). After that, he was still not at ease, because his father's curse before his death always echoed in his ears: "You will be overthrown by your own son like me." To avoid this curse, Kronos made a cruel decision: to eat all the children born. Despite this, he still did not escape the curse of being overthrown by his own son. Zeus, as an adult, designed to spit out all five brothers in his father's belly with medicinal liquor, and everyone threw Kronos out of the palace, and Zeus was elected as the third king of the gods.
(3) Oceanus
Oghianos also translates to Eushenus. In the most primitive Homeric epics, Okeanos is one of the primordial gods, and together with his wife Tesses, is the ancestor of all the other gods, a couple of creator gods. The later widely accepted System of Hesiod classified him as a second-generation god produced by primitive gods, the son of the earth mother Gaia and the god Uranos. The eldest brother of the Twelve Titans, the god of the great oceans and rivers. His wife was his sister Tethys, who gave birth to the goddess of the oceans (Okeanids) and almost all the river springs of the world. When the Titan War broke out, Okeanos wisely stayed out of the way and supported his son-in-law Zeus, having his daughter Styx lead her four sons and daughters to help Zeus overthrow his brother Kronos and win the war. Thus, after the overthrow of the titans by the god of Olympus, he was able to retain all his rights.
(4) Hyperion
Hsuperion, who originally meant "the one who crossed the heights", was used in the Iliad to embellish or refer to helios, the god of the sun. He is the father of Helios in the Odyssey, but he is not a Titan in Homer's epic, and Hesiod believes that he is the son of Gaia and Uranos, and after Hesiod, his identity as a Titan is unshakable. Based on Hesiod's Genealogy, he and Thea combined to give birth to helios, the goddess of the sun, Selene, the goddess of the moon, and Eos, the goddess of dawn.
(5) Crius
Cleos or Cleos, the god of growth and vitality. There is no myth about Cleos. According to the pseudo-Apolodoros, Cleos had been united with Eurybia, the daughter of Pontos, to give birth to three second-generation titans: Astraeus, Pallas, and Perseus.
(6) Coeus
According to Homer's Ode, Coos married his sister Faubeus, who had two sisters, Leto, the goddess of nurturing, and Asteria, the goddess of meteors. Thus he had several very prominent grandchildren, including Artemis, Apollo, and Hecate. Koos is a Titan from the north, and in the mythological interpretation he is equivalent to the pillar of heaven that supported the north.
(7) Iapetus (Iapetos)
Iapotos, also known as Albertus, is the god of the soul and death. Led by Kronos, Iapotos and his brothers colluded to be deceived by Gaia and them to complete the castration of their father.
(8) Tethys
The original goddess of the sea in Greek mythology, the first hostess of the sea. Sister and wife of Ocean God Ocean god Oceanus. She was the first and original goddess of the sea in Greece, so in Greek Tesses also means "grandmother", and in early mythology, she was a goddess of creation. Of the many children she bore to Ocean God Eushenus, each represented a stream, a river, or a sea.
(9) Theia
Thea and Heperion combined to give birth to Helios, the goddess of the sun, Selene, the goddess of the moon, and Eos, the goddess of the dawn, so she was known as the mother of the gods of light. The ancient Greeks believed that the eye, like a lamp, emitted a light that people could see when it hit an object. Thea thus represents vision, as well as light in a clear sky. By extension, she is also a goddess who represents the shining gold, silver and jewelry.
(10) Mnemosyne
The goddess of memory, language, and writing in Greek mythology, combined with Zeus, gave birth to nine muses. She was the mother of the muse and was initially an patron of oral narrative poets. She is also the ancient goddess of time, and she is also a minor oracle goddess, responsible for the underground oracle in Trophonius in Bootia.
(11) Phoebe
Forber is considered the goddess of light. There are few myths about Faube, and she is the wife of another Titan god, Koos. Faubeus and Coos gave birth to Leto and Artria, and as a result she was the maternal grandmother of Artemis, Apollo, and Hecate (Apollo and Artemis were born of Leto and Zeus). According to Aeschylus, the famous Oracle of Delphi once belonged to Faube. Forber obtained the right to issue the oracle from Themis, but she eventually gave the temple of Delphi to her grandson Apollo.
(12) Rhea
Rhea was the queen of the second generation of kings of the gods in Greek mythology, the goddess who controlled the passage of time. Rhea is the only holiest and ancient deity on Olympus besides the eldest daughter, Hestia. According to Hesiod's Genealogy, Rhea and Kronos had three daughters, three boys, six children, Hestia, Demeter, Hera and Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus.
(13) Themis
Themis was the goddess of law and justice. As Zeus's aunt and his second wife (after Metis), she and Zeus gave birth to Hollywood (three goddesses of time sequence) and Morai (three goddesses of destiny)
(14) Erinnyes, the three goddesses of vengeance
The three goddesses of vengeance, Erinius, also known as Eumenides, were Alecto (the goddess of restlessness), Megaera (goddess of jealousy), and Tisiphone (goddess of revenge). Born out of the blood of Uranos, they ruthlessly retaliate against the perpetrator until his death, especially against those who commit the great crime of murdering their mother.
(15) Meliai, the three goddesses of the white oak tree
The Morières had the desire to slaughter, and the wooden poles of the spear and javelin were taken from their trees, the white oak tree was hard and suitable for making weapons. Murlière and her half-brother Inachus gave birth to Io, Phoroneus, Aegialeus or Phegeus and Philodice. It is also said that he gave birth to Amycus with Poseidon.
Gaia is a child conceived with the god of the sea and the god of the abyss of hell
Gaia was united with the sea god Pontos, and had many children who symbolized the various attributes of the sea; Gaia also had the youngest son, Typhon, with Tartaros, the god of the abyss of hell.
(16) Nierus: Symbolizes the friendliness of the sea, the son of Pontos and Gaia. In Hesiod's Genealogy, he is called 'the Elder', because he is trustworthy, amiable, righteous, just, and kind." "He and Doris, the narcissus, are the twins of the sea nymphs, and their family lives in the Aegean Sea. Neros and Protos appear to be representatives of the ancient god of the sea, who was replaced by Poseidon after Zeus overthrew Kronos.
(17) Thaumas: Symbolizing the wonders of the sea, Taumas is the son of Pontos and Gaia. He and the goddess Erektra were the parents of Harpieus, Hydaspes, and Iris.
(18) Forcus: Symbolizing the wrath of the sea, Forcus was the son of Gaia and Pontos, but it is also believed that he, along with Kronos and Rhea, was one of the earliest descendants of Okeanos and Thetis. His partner was Ketto, who had numerous children, mostly sea monsters, collectively known as "Phorcydes". The more famous children are Gorgon, Siren, Greier, Ocardna, Skoura, Hesperides, etc.
(19) Ceto: Symbolizes the danger of the sea, the daughter of Pontos and Gaia. In Greek art she is represented as half snake and half fish, the embodiment of the danger posed by the unpredictable sea, and a symbol of unknown land and strange creatures. She and her husband, Who is also an older brother, have many children.
(20) Eurybia: Symbolizing the power of the sea, daughter of Pontos and Gaia, wife of Titalius. They gave birth to Astraeus, Perseus, and Pallas.
(21) Typhoeus: Probably the most famous one in ancient Greece, known as the god of demons and the father of demons. He was also a member of the Titans of Greek mythology, with a body as tall as a mountain, a fire-breathing, 100 snake heads, covered with feathers and a pair of wings. Typhon and his wife, Ercut, created many frightening monsters, such as the famous Three-Headed HellHound, Hydra, Harpi the Eagle Demon, The Lion-headed Sheep Monster Chimera, the Vulture pecking Prometheus, the Half-Lion Half-Vulture Greifon, the Two-Headed Dog Otterus, and the Nemian Giant Lion.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > THIRD, the twelve main gods of Olympus</h1>
Children of Zeus and Hera
The twelve main gods of Olympus are the main gods of the ancient Greek mythological tradition of worship. However, since different gods were included in the twelve main gods at different times, ten of these gods were fixed: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollos, and Artemis.
Zeus's seven wives
The main reason why the main god of Olympus won the transcendent status among the gods was mainly because Zeus and his siblings combined to defeat the Titans. Of the twelve main gods, the vast majority were Zeus's brothers and sisters and their children.
Zeus's lovers and their children
(1) Zeus: The third king of the gods, the god of the sky and thunder. Kronos and Rhea's youngest son, known for his lustfulness. Symbols include thunderbolts, eagles, oaks, scepters and scales.
Statue of Hera in the Louvre Museum in France
(2) Hera: After the gods, the goddess of marriage and family. Kronos and Rhea's young daughter, Zeus's sister and wife. As the goddess of marriage, she often took revenge on Zeus's lover and their children. Symbols include peacocks, pomegranates, crowns, cuckoos, lions and yaks.
(3) Poseidon: The god of the ocean, earthquakes and tsunamis. Kronos and Rhea's second son, brother of Zeus, whose consort was Amphitrite, had many lovers like many of the Greek male gods. Symbols include horses, bulls, dolphins and tridents.
(4) Demeter: Goddess of fertility, agriculture, nature and seasons. Kronos and Rhea's second daughter. Symbols include poppies, wheat, torches and pigs. From her Latin name Cĕrēs the term "cereal" can be derived.
(5) Ares: The god of war, violence, and bloodshed. Symbols include wild boars, snakes, dogs, vultures, spears and shields. Zeus and the son of Hera, and the other gods (except Aphrodite) despised him very much. His Latin name Mars derives the word "martial" (warlike; belligerent)."
Statue of Athena
(6) Athena: Goddess of wisdom, skill, war, and strategy. Daughter of Zeus and Metis. Since her father swallowed her mother for fear of prophecy, she grew fully inside her father's skull and jumped out fully armed after Hephaestus split Zeus's head. Symbols include owls, snakes and olive branches.
(7) Apollo: Light, knowledge, healing, plague and darkness, art, music, poetry, prophecy, archery, the sun, fortitude youth, and the god of beauty. Represents the God of Light (the sun rises and sets by Helios). Son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Artemis. Symbols include the sun, harp, bow and arrow, crow, dolphin, swan, wolf and rat.
Statue of Venus
(8) Aphrodite: Roman name Venus, goddess of love and beauty and desire. One is the daughter of Zeus and Dionys, and the other is born out of a mixture of the blood of the male roots of Uranos castrated by Kronos thrown into the sea and the foam that flooded the sea. Her spouse is Hephaestus, her lover is Ares, and the little goddess of love, Cupid, was born of Ares's adultery with Venus. Symbols include pigeons, birds, apples, bees, swans, guavas and roses. "aphrodisiac" comes from her name, and her Latin name Venus derives from the word "venereal."
(9) Hermes: The god of orders (messenger of the gods) and the guide of the underworld, the god of travel, theft, sports, and road crossing, and the god of commerce (Roman mythology). Son of Zeus and Maia. In Olympus the gods were only older than Dionysus. Symbols include a cane (a scepter-wound shangshen staff), wing shoes, wing helmets, storks, and turtles (he invented the harp from tortoiseshell).
(10) Artemis: Goddess of hunting, chastity, childbirth, the moon, archery, the patron saint of all animals. Daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo. Symbols include the moon, deer, hounds, bears, snakes, cypress trees, bows and arrows.
(11) Hephaestus: The god of craftsmanship, fire, and forging. Hera's eldest son, born in union with or alone with Zeus. His spouse was Aphrodite, who was not the best husband, but he was very loyal to the marriage. Symbols include fire, anvil, axe, donkey, hammer, fire tongs, and quail. The word "volcano" comes from his Latin name Vulcānus.
(12) Dionysus: God of wine, celebration and revelry, patron saint of theatrical art. Son of Zeus and Princess Thebes, Semele. The spouse was Princess Ariadne of Crete. The youngest and only Olympus god with a mortal mother. Symbols include grapes, ivy, wine glasses, tigers, leopards, dolphins and goats.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Iv. Other major deities</h1>
(1) Hades: The god of the underworld, the dead, and the underworld wealth, he was the first Olympian god. The eldest son of Kronos and Rhea, brother of Poseidon and Zeus, brother of Hestia, Demeter, and Hera, but he lived in the underworld rather than Olympus, so he was not usually among the twelve gods of Olympus, although it is said that he would act as Demeter in winter.
(2) Hestia: Originally one of the twelve main gods, the Roman name Vesta. The goddess of fire, orthopedic housework, and the family, the first god of Olympus and one of the original twelve gods, until she ceded the throne to Dionysus for the peace of mind, she was the most generous and gentle of the gods. The eldest daughter of Kronos and Rhea, the eldest sister of Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus, and the eldest of the gods of Olympus, symbolized by the torch.
Gustav Moro's painting The Bound Prometheus
(3) Prometheus: Son of Titan Epeus. One of the wisest gods is called the "Prophet." Creator and protector of humanity. Locked in the Caucasus mountains for anger, Zeus pecked at his liver every day, then grew well and resumed, before being rescued by Hercules.
(4) Epimetheus: Brother of Prometheus. One of the most stupid gods is called the "Hindsighter." Because he received Zeus's gift, Pandora, as his wife, and as a result, various disasters such as disease and sin flew out of the "Pandora's Box" and descended on the world.
(5) Atlas: Another brother of Prometheus. One of the tallest and strongest gods. He was punished for his failure to resist Zeus.
(6) Metis: A goddess of wisdom and beauty with the power of prophecy. He helped Zeus seize the throne, but was later seduced by Zeus, lost himself, and finally buried in Zeus's womb.
(7) Eris: Daughter of Zeus and Hera; goddess of discord, most fond of provoking discord, the most famous achievement is to provoke the "Battle of Troy".
Herb Statue
(8) Hebe: Daughter of Zeus and Hera; goddess of youth, she is the wine-pouring girl of Mount Olympus. He later married Hercules.
(9) Minos: Son of Zeus and Europa; king of Crete, known for his strict rule of law, thus becoming one of the judges of the underworld after his death.
(10) The Fates, the three goddesses of destiny: In charge of the fate of all people on earth. They are Clotho (The Spinner of Destiny), Lachesis (the distributor of destiny), and Atropos (the terminator of destiny).
(11) The Graces: Daughter of Zeus and Eurynom; singer and dancer of the gods who bring beauty to the world; Aglaia (goddess of magnificence), Euphrosyne (goddess of joy), and Thalia (goddess of feasting).
(12) The Horae, the three goddesses of time: in charge of the natural order; Dike (justice), Eunomia (order), and Eirene (peace).
(13) The Muses of art: Nine daughters of Zeus and Titans, nine; also known as the muses or Pierides of The Muses, who were born in the land of Pierias. They are Calliope (heroic epic), Clio (history book), Urania (astronomy), Melpomene (tragedy), Thalia (comedy), Terpsichore (dance), Erato (love poem), Polyhymnia (ode), Euterpe (flute).
(14) The Nereids: Fifty lovely daughters of Nereids and Doris. Amphitrite was the wife of Poseidon the Sea King.
(15) The Pleiades: The seven flower-like daughters of Atlas. They are Electra, Maia, Taygete, Alcyone, Merope, Celaeno, and Sterope. Among them, Meia is the mother of Hermes.
References: 1. Hesiod: Genealogy of The Gods
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