(Southern Song Dynasty) Ma Yuan: Yiyun Xianxing diagram
Pity the teeth printed with moss,
The small buckle wood door is not opened for a long time;
Spring is full of garden can not be closed,
A red apricot came out of the wall.
Ye Shaoweng's "Visiting the Garden Is Not Worth It", which has been popular among the population for thousands of years, has been recited for thousands of years. Ye Ben is a small poet, but this poem is very famous; just as Zhang Zeduan is not well known in the Song Dynasty painting history classics, but his "Qingming On the River" is the most classic work in the history of Chinese art. Regarding Ye, we only know that he was a man of the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, born and lived in Longquan in present-day Lishui, Zhejiang, and did not live for life; some records say that he was still alive in the early Yuan Dynasty. He is one of the poets of the "Jianghu School" and is good at seven sentences. However, this "Jianghu School" is different from the "Jiangxi School", it is not a poetic school with a scholarly relationship, but because there were a group of poets at that time, including Luo Hehe, Xu Tang, etc., although they have almost no connection with each other, they are all hermits who are far away from the rivers and lakes, and the poetic style is close to the name. And the seven masterpieces that Ye Suo is "good at" are really "long" and widely known, in fact, only this one; the other dozens of songs are really not too "long".
However, due to the fame of this poem, Ye Shaoweng also "passed on poetry", from a small poet to a big celebrity. In his hometown of Longquan, a memorial hall was also built for him as a cultural attraction for the development of local cultural tourism and attracting tourists from all over the world. About six or seven years ago, accompanied by Professor Yang Er and Director Long quanxia, I also visited it. The construction of the garden is roughly modeled on the poetic meaning of the business ingenuity, although there is no deep feeling of the sword and celadon porcelain, it can also be regarded as a small dish for the appetizer of the feast.
The cultivation of apricot blossoms has a long history in the mainland, and has been very common as early as three generations. "Li Neize": "Peach Plum Plum Apricot." "Pipe And The Groundman": "The Land of The Five Fertile... Its plums its apricots, its peaches its plums. "As a rose family, it is also a fruit-eating tree, and its flowers are called "apricot blossoms" and its fruits are called "apricots", which are mainly planted in the north. Although it is also cultivated in the south, it is not large in scale, and is generally planted in garden gardens, mainly for ornamental purposes.
(Yuan) Qian Xuan: Apricot Blossom of "Eight Flowers Diagram"
Due to the long history of cultivation and the spread of the north and south, since ancient times, there have been many poems on the theme of apricot blossoms, but only two of them are the most famous. First, nature is Ye Shaoweng's poem, especially the two sentences "The spring color is full of gardens can't be closed, and a red apricot comes out of the wall". The second is the Northern Song Dynasty Song Qi's "Yulou Chunjing" words:
Dongcheng gradually feels that the scenery is good,
Wrinkled ripples to welcome guests;
Green poplar smoke outside the evening cold light,
Red apricot branches are full of spring.
Floating growth hates less entertainment,
Ken loves Qianjin and smiles lightly;
For the king to hold the wine to persuade the sun,
And leave a late photo between the flowers.
Especially the sentence "Red apricot branches are full of spring". Song Qi was a Hanlin scholar of the Renzong Dynasty, who had studied the New Book of Tang with Ouyang Xiu, and was originally a prominent celebrity; but this first word, especially this sentence, added to his icing on the cake, and for a time there was a reputation of "red apricot branches and spring meaning of Shangshu". What is puzzling is that the "Song Word Selection" in the past generally does not choose this one, and the "Selected Interpretations of the Two Song Words of the Five Dynasties of Tang" by Yu Xiyun (1868-1950) in the recent past did not choose Song Qi, of course, there can be no such one.
Qi Baishi: Apricot blossom chick picture
The so-called "tree big tricks", celebrities, famous poems, and famous sentences, in most people, as the object of worship, "see the wise and think together"; but in some good "light" "literati", often manifest as unconvinced, and use it as a target of doubt and stubble, deliberately making a lot of right and wrong. "Red apricots make spring" and "red apricots out of the wall" are famous, and while they are envied by everyone, they are naturally indispensable to those who hold criticism. Mr. Yu's failure to choose Song Qi may have expressed his dissatisfaction; in addition, some people think that the word "noisy" does not work at all! Regarding this right and wrong, Mr. Qian Zhongshu has already made a comprehensive evaluation and analysis in the article "Synaesthesia", and it is exhaustive and contemptuous! Regarding the right and wrong of "red apricot out of the wall", Mr. Qian also made a wonderful comment analysis in the "Selected Notes on Song Poems", which is generally sufficient, but I think it can be slightly supplemented and extended.
First, let's look at Mr. Qian's comments:
(This poem) was actually born from Lu You's Jiannan Poetry Manuscript, volume XVIII, "Immediately Composed": "... The willows do not cover the spring color, and a red apricot branches come out of the wall. However, the third sentence is written better than the new police officer of Lu You. In the tenth volume of the Southern Song Dynasty Qunxian Collection, there is also a "Small Collection of Snow Windows" by Zhang Liangchen, a poet of the "Jianghu Sect", in which the "Even Title" says: "... A good spring is hidden, and the pink wall obliquely exposes the apricot blossom tips. The third sentence has idle words to fill in, and it is not as specific as Ye Shaoweng's. However, this kind of scenery has also been described by the Tang Dynasty, such as Wen Tingjun's "Apricot Blossoms": "In the spring afternoon of the Song of Yan Yan, where to separate the ZhuMen from the wall"; Wu Rong's "Seeing the Apricot Blossoms on the Way": "A red apricot is out of the wall, and the people outside the wall are worried"; and "Apricot Blossoms": "When photographing alone, the waterside, the most affectionate place is out of the wall"; Li Jianxun's "Plum Blossom Sending Relatives": "The clouds are sticky and floating in the powder, and the jade whip points out the wall branches." However, it is either mixed with other scenes, or it is not placed in the position that leaves the deepest impression in one article, and it is not as sober as the Song people wrote.
The blueprint of "red apricot out of the wall", as mentioned above, we can cite a lot. For example, Wang Yuwei's "Try to look back at the wall at dusk, do not apply Zhu powder to meet the eastern neighbors"; Wang Anshi's "Unique apricot blossoms are like calling guests, and count the branches of the sun according to the wall"; Fan Chengda's "The mighty east wind has no shore, how to lock the apricot garden spring"... The words are Gao Guanguo's "little pity sideburns wet rouge dyeing, only meet each other across the pink wall" ("Apricot Blossom Heaven"),Mao Huan's "Tourist Mo Xiao East Garden is small, don't ask how much flowers." A branch and a half of annoying intestines, infinite posture and charm leaning on the sun" ("Yu Meiren"),Chao Duanli's "famous garden leaning on each other, the first blossom of apricots, a branch of the way to see" ("Water Dragon Yin") ...
It can be seen that the aesthetic attention to "red apricot out of the wall" has been stared at by the poetry eyes of many literati and lyricists as early as Ye Shaoweng, which is almost like a "public lover"! Including Ye Shu, it is possible that later generations have borrowed from their predecessors, or it is entirely possible that they have not borrowed and are purely original to each person. Because, "red apricot out of the wall" as a real landscape in real life, it is not only not rare, but also particularly eye-catching and easy to associate. However, as one of the "Six Laws of Garden", "Flowers and Trees" (the other five methods are intentional conception, mountain management, pavilions, inscriptions, and poetic feelings), the ornamental flowers cultivated in the garden are not only apricot blossoms, but also plum blossoms, peach blossoms, peonies, magnolias, osmanthus flowers, etc., and so on, so why do poets show their unique sensitivity to "red apricots out of the wall"? My experience may be that the height of the wall of the general garden is around 2.5 meters, and the height of the deep courtyard wall is more than 3 meters. Flowers in the garden, if the plants are below 2.5 meters, such as peach blossoms, peonies, etc., it is impossible to have a landscape out of the wall, and it is naturally impossible to trigger the corresponding aesthetic sensitivity of the poets outside the garden; the plants such as magnolias and osmanthus flowers above 5 meters are open at more than 3 meters, and the outside of the garden can be seen at a glance, of course, it will not lead to poetic associations with the trunks in the garden. Only apricot blossoms and plum blossoms, planted around 3 meters, occasionally have one branch or two flowers out of the wall, which is very dazzling and attracts people's reverie about the dense flowers in the wall.
Yu Fei Min: Apricot parrot diagram
One branch and two flowers, of course, appear to be cold, warm and cold; and if the blooming in the wall is an apricot blossom, the mood is in the colorful heat "noisy"; if it is a plum blossom, the mood is sparse and cold. From "a branch of red apricot out of the wall", associated with "full of spring colors can not be closed" Fang Fei, how contrasting and colorful! And from "a branch of ice out of the wall", associated with the chill of "full of gardens full of bones and afraid of high cold", does not it seem superfluous and inappropriate? This is also the reason why although the apricot blossoms and plum blossoms have branches out of the wall, the poet's sensitivity is only to the apricot blossoms and not to the plum blossoms, right? In addition to Li Jianxun, who was quoted by Mr. Qian, especially Wang Anshi's "Several plums in the corner of the wall, Ling Han opened alone; remote knowledge is not snow, for having dark incense" is more famous. The beauty of this is that it only focuses on the "few branches" that expose the corners of the wall like snow, without associating the trees inside the wall like ice. With Li Fangbin's experience in appreciating plums, "touching tens of millions of flowers", there are still "only two or three branches to appreciate"; since there are only two or three branches in the corner of the wall, why should we go to the garden to associate Wan Hubing?
"Red apricot out of the wall" also inspired a creative idea of porcelain painting decoration in later generations, which is "over-branched flowers". According to the "Drinking Streams and Saying Porcelain", it was created in the five colors of the Ming Dynasty, but the works are quite rare; the pastels that prevailed in the Qing Yongzheng period have been handed down to many works. The so-called "over-branched flowers" refers to the painting of open pots, plates, bowls and other utensils, so that the inner wall is connected with the patterned branches and leaves of the outer wall. The subjects depicted include peonies, chrysanthemums, peach blossoms, peach fruits, begonias, apricot blossoms, and so on. Its ingenuity is that there are plants that pass on the outer wall and branch on the inner wall, and there are also plants that pass on the inner wall and branch on the outer wall; there are flowers and leaves that flourish on the inner wall and fall on the outer wall, and there are also flowers and leaves that flourish on the outer wall and neglect the inner wall... Purely as a decorative craft, there is no poetry of "red apricot out of the wall". Of course, this is because the cultural level of porcelain craftsmen is limited, is it possible that all flowers are suitable for the artistic treatment of "over the wall" and "over the branches"?
But the strange thing is that "poetry and painting are the same, heavenly work and freshness", ancient and modern painters, including literati painters who are good at "paintings in poetry and poetry in paintings" and are in charge of the cattle ears of the painting world, are actually inferior to porcelain painters, and almost no poetry of "over the wall flowers" has been introduced into the painting world! There seems to be only Jinnong, one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou". He painted several paintings of "plum blossoms out of the wall" and occasionally "red apricots out of the wall" (above) – but his position was not outside the wall but in the garden. There is a self-title:
Qingxiao hisses and controls Fang'ai,
The red branches outside the wall are open inside;
Only the apricot blossoms are really proud,
Three years and another year to see the yuan came.
A kind of "blossoming inside the wall and red outside the wall" of huaicai, complaining unevenly, and Ye Shaoweng's poetry, is obviously another right and wrong.
The author intends to be a Song man apricot blossom
Author: Xu Jianrong
Editor: Wu Dongkun
Editor-in-Charge: Shu Ming
*Wenhui exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source when reprinting.