Introduction: The country is picturesque
，
No one allowed me to prosper for a lifetime
The coffin is huge
Between the square inches is also the world.
——The Third Uncle of the Southern Sect, "Notes on the Tomb Robber"
Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes the return of fallen leaves to the roots, and the destination after death is under the loess
。 In the traditional Chinese culture under the feudal society, there is no cremation, "The body is skinned, the parents do not dare to be injured, and the beginning of filial piety is also." "In the ancient times of filial piety, people buried the deceased completely underground, which is different from the current tradition, but what remains unchanged is that the destination is still the grave of that side, and the land of that side.
Tomb robbery is the unfortunate thing of the ancestors, in Chinese culture, pay attention to the soil for safety, and disregarding the etiquette to rob the tomb is quite a wrong thing, but there are still some people who will covet the treasure in the tomb and steal it for money. In addition to the tomb robbery, there are also archaeologists who will take out the treasures in the tomb for rescue protection of cultural relics for rescue maintenance. whereas
In 1956, a famous Chinese writer, Guo Moruo, who was also an archaeologist, excavated the Ming Ding Tomb with his bare hands and took out the treasures in the imperial tombs with his bare hands, resulting in thousands of treasures being damaged and unable to be repaired.
Excavation of the Ming Tombs
After New China began to enter the era of reform and opening up, the state attached importance to the protection and restoration of cultural relics, and archaeologists were mostly assigned heavy responsibilities, and Guo Moruo was also one of them
。
With the efforts of archaeologists, the excavation of the ruins of the Wu Dynasty of the Zhou Dynasty continued to unfold, and many important historical sites were discovered, and at this time, the whole country paid great attention to archaeological trends. And Guo Moruo
Because of his profound historical knowledge and oracle research, he was elected as the first academician of the Academia Sinica and later the president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
He himself attaches great importance to archaeology and actively participates in archaeological work.
The tomb of the Ming Emperor Zhu Di at that time, also known as the Ming Chang Mausoleum, attracted Guo Moruo's attention
He knew that the tomb of the Ming Emperor must contain countless treasures, and it also had a very considerable historical value.
So he declared to the central government to excavate the Ming Chang Mausoleum
。 This application was opposed by numerous people
They believe that this move is very presumptuous, and China's current level of science simply cannot meet the conditions for the preservation of cultural relics
These cultural relics are excavated and brought to the ground, and they will suffer incalculable damage, which is a major loss for China, and it should wait until the time is ripe to continue excavation.
However, the state approved Guo Moruo's ability and his previous successful excavation experience, so it approved his application.
So Guo Moruo and his squad took more than a year to discover the entrance to the Ming ChangLing Tombs, because the area of the Ming Changling Tombs is very large,
The workload far exceeded the archaeologists' estimates, so they temporarily hired surrounding villagers to participate in the excavation
make. On May 7, 1956, excavations finally began, and in the days that followed, the entrances and passages of the Ming Tombs were dug up little by little.
This huge project finally made the true face of the Ming Changling Tomb appear in the eyes of the public, and the gold and silver jewelry in the tomb made people linger.
The tomb contains the Wanli Emperor and his two empresses, and his funerary items include treasures such as the Golden Silk Wing Crown, the Crown Crown, the Silk Wing Crown, the White Jade Leather Belt, and the Empress's Phoenix Crown, including the Nine Dragons Nine Phoenix Crown, the Twelve Dragons and Nine Phoenix Crowns, the Six Dragons and Three Phoenix Crowns, and the Three Dragons and Two Phoenix Crowns
。 In addition to these, there are also valuable calligraphy and paintings, jewelry, ceramic goldware, etc.,
The appearance of these treasures shocked people at home and abroad, and the outside world paid great attention to them.
The regret of history
The appearance of the treasure has attracted the attention of countless people, but compared with this enthusiastic attention, the oxidation of the treasure also comes very quickly
Because there are many treasures, they can only be stored in simple warehouses, and the silk at the bottom of the tomb comes into contact with the outside air, almost graying at a speed visible to the naked eye.
Including the emperor's dragon robe, these excavated artifacts seem to be short-lived
Archaeologists only have experience in excavating cultural relics, but their experience in protecting cultural relics is very shallow, and the migrant workers hired have no awareness of protecting cultural relics.
Take out the artifacts directly by hand.
Exquisite jade and gold objects have lost their color, which is a regret of history,
With the end of the excavation of the Ming Tombs, China encountered a new era, and these opened tombs were not well prepared, and the bones of the emperor and empress were discarded and burned by a fire
。 His coffin was also taken home by farmers and burned as firewood, and the devastating damage was a tragedy in archaeological history.
So later, when Guo Moruo and others applied upwards again to excavate other imperial tombs, the premier refused very firmly.
He also said that he would never open the imperial tomb for ten years.
epilogue
The excavation of cultural relics should be rational, and Guo Moruo caused such irreparable losses due to his own self-responsibility. The premise of taking out cultural relics is to be able to conditionally protect cultural relics, otherwise you can only see the color of these cultural relics fade, but there is nothing you can do. The discoloration of the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang is a major regret of history, and archaeologists should be cautious and cautious before opening the tomb.
Resources:
The Book of Filial Piety
·Chapter 1 of the Opening Chapter
Notes on the Tomb Robber