Since 2020, the work of free HPV vaccination for girls of appropriate age has made new progress in many parts of the mainland and has accelerated this year.
During the local "two sessions" this year, a number of representatives and members of Anhui, Hunan, Hebei and other places suggested that free HPV vaccination for women of appropriate age should be promoted throughout the province. At this year's two sessions of the National People's Congress, whether free HPV vaccination for girls of appropriate age will be effectively promoted on a larger scale and other related topics may become the focus of attention of NPC deputies and CPPCC members.
In fact, the surging news reporter noted that on the eve of the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year, some representatives and members have issued appeals to promote free HPV vaccination for women of appropriate age.
For example, Xu Ping, a deputy to the National People's Congress and director of the art committee office of Chengdu Classic Hui Culture and Technology Co., Ltd., said, "The proposal I want to bring to the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year is to popularize and promote the voluntary free vaccination of women of the appropriate age of the domestic bivalent cervical cancer vaccine." ”
According to the Sichuan release client report, Xu Ping said that this suggestion actually comes from the problems found when she visits and participates in research activities in the community every day and collects opinions and suggestions.
Her research found that in the mainland, the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer among urban and rural women have increased year by year and are younger, and the cost is relatively high, and the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness occurs from time to time. At the same time, in terms of cost, so far 104 countries around the world have included HPV vaccination into the planned immunization, that is, free vaccination for women of a certain age, but only a few cities in the mainland have launched free vaccination programs, with narrow coverage and urgent need to be effectively promoted.
Therefore, she suggested that the bivalent HPV vaccine be included in the immunization plan, focusing on girls aged 13 to 15 years old to implement voluntary free vaccination, and the Health Commission, women's federation, education, finance and other relevant departments should coordinate to formulate an implementation plan to popularize vaccination in an orderly manner and benefit all women as soon as possible.
In addition, Ma Dongping, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the Institute of Sociology of the Gansu Academy of Social Sciences, is ready to submit a proposal this year, calling for free HPV vaccination for women of school age from difficult families in the western region.
Cervical cancer is a high incidence of malignant tumors in women, is recognized worldwide as the main "killer" of women's health, ranking 4th in the global incidence and mortality of women' cancer, and the incidence and mortality rate in the mainland are gradually increasing and younger. Cervical cancer stems from persistent infection with high-risk HPV virus and is the only cancer with a clear etiology, preventable and controllable cause.
HPV vaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent cervical cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO), in its position paper on cervical cancer, sets out the importance of vaccination in preventing diseases, and in the Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer, it also states that there are three main key measures to eliminate cervical cancer: vaccination, screening and treatment, and sets out the goal of achieving 90% of girls vaccinated with HPV by the age of 15 by 2030.
At present, the HPV vaccine is not included in the national immunization programme or medical insurance coverage in the mainland, and it is vaccinated on a voluntary basis at its own expense. However, since 2020, Ordos City in Inner Mongolia, Xiamen City in Fujian Province, Jinan City in Shandong Province, Guangdong Province, Chengdu City in Sichuan Province, Wuxi City in Jiangsu Province and Lianyun District in Lianyungang City in Jiangsu Province have successively carried out or announced that they will soon carry out free HPV vaccination for girls of appropriate age. In the comments of netizens, this initiative to benefit the people was warmly called "a gift of a city".
It is also worth mentioning that since the beginning of this year, many places have rapidly promoted the free HPV vaccination of girls of appropriate age, including Zhengzhou City in Henan Province, Shijiazhuang City in Hebei Province, Hainan Province, Chongqing Municipality, Fujian Province, Mianyang City in Sichuan Province, and Linyi County in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, and recently announced that they will soon carry out free HPV vaccination for girls of appropriate age.
HPV vaccination is the most comprehensive strategy
What is the HPV vaccine?
Should I get the HPV vaccine?
I'm 30 years old now, how much can I get the HPV vaccine?
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1. What is the HPV vaccine?
HPV is the abbreviation of human papilloma virus, studies have confirmed that high-risk type of human papillomavirus infection continues to be infected, especially HPV16, 18 infection is the most important causative factor in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, so the HPV vaccine is also called cervical cancer vaccine. At present, the marketed HPV vaccines are divided into bivalent HPV vaccine, quadrivalent HPV vaccine and nine-valent HPV vaccine according to their preventable HPV types.
2. What is the difference between bivalent, quadrivalent and 9-valent HPV vaccines?
The bivalent HPV vaccine contains HPV16 and 18; the quadrivalent HPV vaccine contains types 6, 11, 16 and 18; and the nine-valent HPV vaccine contains types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. However, all three vaccines can target the above-mentioned high-risk HPV and prevent HPV-related diseases, and can fight HPV16 and 18 infections, and the effect is very significant. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine also prevents genital warts caused by HPV6 and 11 compared to the bivalent vaccine, and the nine-valent HPV vaccine increases the proportion of cervical cancer prevention from 70% to 90%.
Currently, the World Health Organization's position paper on HPV vaccines has no preference for recommendations for three vaccines. Citizens can voluntarily carry out voluntary self-payment vaccination according to the type and price of the vaccine, combined with their own age conditions.
3. What are the age requirements for bivalent, quadrivalent and 9-valent HPV vaccines?
The current age of vaccination approved in mainland China is:
Bivalent HPV vaccine: suitable for women aged 9 to 45 years old, the vaccination process is 1 dose according to the 0th, 1st and 6th months, a total of 3 doses; there are also vaccine varieties for women aged 9-14 years, the vaccination process is 1 dose each in the 0th and 6th months, a total of 2 doses.
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: suitable for women aged 9 to 45 years, the vaccination process is 1 dose each according to the 0th, 2th and 6th months, each dose is vaccinated, a total of 3 doses.
Nine-valent HPV vaccine: suitable for women aged 16 to 26 years, the vaccination process is 1 dose according to the 0th, 2nd and 6th months, a total of 3 doses.
List of differences between bivalent, quadrivalent, and nine-valent HPV vaccines
4. After having been vaccinated with bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines, can I still get the nine-valent HPV vaccine?
There are currently no clinical data to support the use of the nine-valent HPV vaccine interchangeably with other HPV vaccines. The World Health Organization's position paper on HPV vaccines has no preference for three vaccine recommendations. From a public health perspective, bivalent, quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines can provide considerable immunogenicity and protective efficacy in preventing cervical cancer (mainly caused by HPV16 and HPV18), and it is possible to administer any of the three HPV vaccines under existing conditions.
According to the instructions for the nine-valent HPV vaccine, if someone has received 3 doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine and still wants to receive the nine-valent HPV vaccine, they can only be vaccinated after at least 12 months apart, and the dose is 3 doses.
5. If I have received one or two doses of bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine, can I change to a nine-valent HPV vaccine?
The 2016 U.S. Advisory Committee on the Implementation of Immunization Strategies (ACIP) recommended that if the ivory or bivalent HPV vaccine is started, the remaining doses can be switched to the nine-valent HPV vaccine to complete the entire vaccination process, but according to the World Health Organization's 2017 Position Paper on HPV Vaccines, there is limited information on the safety, immunogenicity, or efficacy of the three HPV vaccines. These vaccines vary in characteristics, components, and indications, and the instructions for use of quadrivalent and hexavalent HPV vaccines specifically state that there are currently no clinical data to support the use of the nine-valent HPV vaccine interchangeably with other HPV vaccines. Therefore, even if there are multiple hpvic vaccine options, efforts should be made to achieve a unified vaccination procedure, using the same vaccine for each dose.
6. If you get the HPV vaccine, you won't get the disease caused by HPV?
As we all know, no vaccine can be 100% protective.
All HPV vaccines provide a high level of protection against hpv types 16 and 18 (about 70%). The HPV vaccine also provides some cross-protection for some non-vaccine-contained types.
The nine-valent HPV vaccine increased the proportion of cervical cancer prevention rates from 70% to 90%, but failed to cover all high-risk HPV types; Therefore, the nine-valent HPV vaccine is also not 100% protective of all HPV-induced infections or diseases, and cervical cancer screening after vaccination should be carried out as usual.
7. How long can the protective efficacy of the HPV vaccine last? Is it okay to get three injections of one procedure? Will you have to make up for it later?
12 years after bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccination and 7.6 years after nine-valent HPV vaccination, the antibody positivity rate of vaccine-related variants still > 90%, and no related precancerous lesions were found. The model predicts that it can last for 20-50 years.
The World Health Organization's position paper on HPV vaccines does not recommend recommendations for re-vaccination to boost immunization.
8. Can women who have had sex still get the HPV vaccine?
HPV infection is not a contraindication to vaccines. The risk of exposure to HPV increases with age, especially as exposure to HPV becomes more pronounced after sexual activity begins, so the benefits of HPV vaccination are higher in younger age groups.
Women who have had sex are not necessarily infected with HPV, as long as they are in the appropriate age range, they can be vaccinated against HPV; women who have had sex, even if they are infected with HPV, women in the age range can also prevent persistent HPV infection, and then prevent related diseases, and can also be vaccinated against HPV.
9. Can pregnant and lactating women be vaccinated? What should I do if I get pregnant after vaccination?
HpV vaccination should not affect fertility. Animal experiments have not found any direct or indirect adverse effects of HPV vaccination on reproduction, pregnancy, embryonic development, etc. As good controlled studies have not been established, HPV vaccination is not recommended for pregnant women as a precautionary measure. HPV vaccination should be avoided during pregnancy.
In clinical trials, HPV vaccine-induced antibodies have not been observed to be secreted through breast milk, but since many drugs can be secreted through breast milk, lactating women should be used with caution.
If the woman is pregnant or is planning to become pregnant, it is recommended to postpone or interrupt the vaccination and then give it after the pregnancy has ended.
10. Are there any side effects after HPV vaccination?
Side effects are rare and symptoms are mild, such as rashes, swelling, and pain at the injection site. More serious side effects include fever, nausea, dizziness, muscle weakness and paralysis, but like other vaccines, the benefits outweigh the disadvantages.
11. Should I do HPV testing before receiving the nine-valent HPV vaccine?
No, you don't. Human infection with the HPV virus is a dynamic process and there is no need for HPV testing before vaccination.
12. Why can't I get the nine-valent HPV vaccine when I am over 26 years old?
Since the population selected for pre-marketing clinical trials of the nine-valent HPV vaccine approved in the Mainland is women aged 16 to 26 years, there are currently no clinical data on the effectiveness of the nine-valent HPV vaccine for people over the age of 26. Therefore, at present, women over the age of 26 cannot be vaccinated against the nine-valent HPV vaccine in the mainland.
Source: Prevention Community
Source: The Paper, Guangxi Disease Control, Zhuhai Disease Control
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