In the early autumn of 1969, several farmers in Wuwei Fresh Village, Gansu Province, went to a temple to dig tunnels, where they had been digging air raid shelters for more than a month.
When going deep into the ground 9 meters, a villager's beak smashed on some unknown hard object, pulled open to see, it turned out to be a brick wall, smashed by the whimper, the wall cracked, a little force, the bricks rushed, it shattered and scattered, and a black hole appeared in front of it.
The villagers borrowed the afterglow, looked inside, and vaguely saw many horses. How could there be horses underground, and did they come to hell?
He couldn't believe his eyes, and when he wiped them again, the hole was black and he couldn't see anything.
Finally, illuminated by flashlights and kerosene lamps, several people got bold, helped to drill into the hole, and were surprised to find a large space, and the ground was full of cars, horses, and small people.
A closer search showed tens of thousands of copper coins, dozens of pottery pottery courtyards, nearly 100 other bronzes, and several lacquerware irons on the ground.
Those copper carts and horses have a heavy hand, there is a thick layer of green rust on it, and everyone talks about it, thinking that these copper guys can buy a lot of money, but they are not interested in other things.
In the end, the villagers threw away the broken jars and ancient coins, and only put the copper carriages and horses that they felt were valuable into sacks, carried them out of the hole, and pulled them back to pile up in the village warehouse.
Later, the village summed up, put such a pile of broken copper and rotten iron, occupy the place, there is no use not to say, but also affect the production, have to deal with it quickly, so they are ready to put this batch of cars and horses on the bronze ware called the pound, sell money to the village to add family shi, there are also people who propose to smelt, make pots and pans, put the canteen for use.
Fortunately, the responsible comrades of the commune stopped this behavior in time, and bitterly advised, do not sell easily, let alone destroy, if you really want that, you have to wait for the above knowledgeable experts to see it before making a decision.
Reporting to the above, a teacher of the county cultural center heard that the village had dug up a car and horse bronze ware, and hurried to come, under the guidance of the villagers, he first entered the mysterious cave. According to his many years of archaeological experience, he judged that this was a Han tomb.
But the question is: (1) How was this Han tomb built under the temple? (2) Who is the owner of the tomb? Are there any other funerary items?
For the first question, let's look at the temple first. This temple is not simple, some years, a total of 10 majestic Ming and Qing dynasty ancient buildings, more critically, it is located on the large earth platform, the platform has three or four floors high, an area of more than 6,000 square meters. About 10 meters under the earthen platform, there is a 20-meter-long tomb road, and at the end is the tomb.
This is a Han Dynasty brick and stone tomb, quite exquisite, divided into a tomb door, a Yongdao, a front burial chamber (with two ear chambers, copper carriages and horses found in one of the ear chambers), a middle burial chamber (with an ear chamber), and a rear burial chamber. On the top of the tomb door, a large gray brick is used to form a door, indicating that it is the gate of heaven, and after passing through this gate, in the human world, Ouye is gone, and when he goes to Hades, he has ascended to heaven.
When the burial chamber was first opened, red murals could be seen on the walls, and it wasn't long before the murals gradually weathered and the colors disappeared. The walls of the burial chamber are made of blue and black bricks, forming a diamond-shaped pattern, which is still clearly visible today.
The coffin of the tomb owner was originally placed in the back burial chamber, and it was carried by a turtle-like divine beast made of four stones, and the sacred turtle was said to be the son of the dragon and was good at carrying heavy objects. But when the tomb was discovered, the coffin was gone, leaving only four stone turtles and a thigh bone.
So, where did the coffin go, and the bones of the tomb owner, gold and silver jewelry in the coffin?
Subsequently, a circular robbery hole was found on the top wall of the middle burial chamber, which was at a 45-degree angle to the burial chamber, with a diameter of one meter square, and could accommodate one person. Such a precise robbery hole, just above the middle burial chamber, is also rare. According to experts' calculations, the tomb robbers are likely to be the craftsmen who built the tomb in the first place, so they know so much about the structure and specific location of the tomb.
Tomb robbers entered the burial chamber and looted the precious gold and silver jewelry, which was enough to live a few lives comfortably. And those copper carriages and horses that look insignificant and bulky, there are hundreds of pieces weighing hundreds of pounds, which is tantamount to breaking copper and rotten iron, and the theft hole is small, inconvenient to bring out, and abandoned.
However, the tomb robbers still pay more attention, after the gold and silver jewelry is taken in batches, the robbery hole is rebuilt with bricks, not only to avoid being discovered, but also to leave a back door for themselves, so that they can steal other funerary goods in the future. But for some reason, the tomb robbers did not come again, and this batch of heavyweight national treasure bronzes was thus passed on.
@ text craftsman The paradox of the world, it seems to be the contradiction between the immediate profit and the name behind the body, those gold and silver have long been lost, perhaps after they were stolen, in exchange for a comfortable life of tomb robbers, to meet their short-term yearning for a rich life supported by money, but when they are passers-by in history, disappear, these former "broken copper and rotten iron" have been well preserved, re-recognized by future generations, entered people's vision, and nourished countless hearts. In this regard, the bronzes and other ancient relics represented by the "Ma Ta Fei Yan" are more valuable to future generations, but the key lies in how we should better protect, enrich, excavate and inherit them, as well as the culture and spirit they contain.
This is roughly the case in the burial chamber.
Subsequently, the teacher of the cultural center came to the village warehouse, saw the copper carriages and bronze utensils piled up on the ground, both surprised and heartbroken, counted and registered, organized the villagers to transfer cultural relics to the Temple of Literature, and temporarily protected them.
At the same time, the Han tombs were further cleaned up, and more than 200 cultural relics were unearthed, including many first-class cultural relics, such as gilded silver and copper bottles, and painted pottery towers.
Gilded wrong silver copper bottle, about 14 cm high, about 24 cm caliber, the whole body wrong silver cloud pattern, divine beast pattern, interspersed with a variety of shapes of rare beasts, cover has buttons, two sides of the ring, under the animal hoof shape foot three, the bottle inside the cover, the bottom is also decorated with a panlong each, in terms of its craftsmanship and ornaments, it is called gorgeous and exquisite, belonging to the representative treasures of this type of cultural relics, reflecting the noble identity and status of the tomb owner.
Bottle, an ancient wine container, the wine stored in the jar during the feast, poured into the bottle, and then moved into the wine glass with a spoon, and sent to drink. The gilded silver and copper bottle has worn feet, which is inferred to be a common living vessel used by the tomb owner during his lifetime.
The faience tower courtyard, about 68 cm by 54 cm in length and about 1 meter in height, shows the general residential appearance of the Hao family of the Han Dynasty, and occupies an important position in the development of Chinese courtyard architecture. It is walled on four sides, one gate, the courtyard towering five-story four-sided eaves watchtower, front window, four corners of the courtyard two-story corner tower, boardwalk interconnection, for the overlook guards, to achieve the security defense function pursued by the giants.
No one knows exactly what the impact of the value of the cultural relics is. But then, an even bigger surprise awaited people.
In 1971, the second year that the Gansu Museum transferred away this batch of valuable cultural relics, Guo Moruo guo lao came to Visit Gansu, and was surprised to find a copper galloping horse in the copper carriage horse, which was full of muscles, strong in shape, soaring in the air, a hoofed bird, startled the bird to turn its head and look back, the copper horse Xuan Ang Galloping like purple electricity, soaring clouds driving fog, fleeting, very eye-catching, this scene is full of artistic imagination, forever frozen, this is "horse stepping flying swallow".
It is about 35 cm high, 45 cm long, about 13 cm wide and weighs about 15 kg, combining exquisite craftsmanship with the spirit of Ryoma, which not only embodies the charm of Chinese civilization, but also highlights the enterprising spirit of the nation' high spirit, struggle and self-improvement, and is an artistic treasure among treasures. Subsequently, it was requisitioned to Beijing to participate in the National Cultural Relics Exhibition, and went abroad to participate in the exhibition many times, causing a sensation.
As the treasure of the Gansu Museum, in the 1983 China Tourism Symbol Selection, "Ma Ta Fei Yan" stood out from many symbols such as the Great Wall and the giant panda, and was selected by the Mainland Tourism Bureau. In 1996, it was recognized as a national treasure by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. In 2001, the Leitai Han Tomb of "Ma Ta Fei Yan" was unearthed and approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2002, 64 first-class first-class treasures, such as Yin Ruins' Mother Pengding, Sanxingdui Bronze Sacred Tree, Famen Temple's Eight-Fold Treasure Letter, and Five-Star Oriental Li China Arm guard, were listed as the first batch of cultural relics on the mainland that were prohibited from going abroad for exhibition.
In addition, another quasi-national treasure, to be precise, a large set, consists of bronze carriages and horse figurines, including 38 bronze horses, 14 various functional vehicles (leading cars, light cars, trucks, etc.), 17 cavalry guards armed with long halberds, 29 slaves leading horses, etc.
The master's mount was a tall male horse, behind the guard and the convoy, in the middle of the whole procession, and four other horses on both sides of the group, as a guard, followed by several carriages and a ox cart. It can be seen that the carriage and horse team is different from the combat troops of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, but travels to the honor guard to declare the prestige of the master.
From the inscription engraved on the neck of the bronze horse, it can be seen that the tomb owner's surname is Zhang, which should be a local magnate in Wuwei, and is a general stationed in the area, for the sake of safety and facade, equipped with a luxurious honor guard, with style and style.
According to the analysis of many excavated cultural relics, the tomb is the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the time is about 200 AD. According to historical records, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuwei was the capital of the northwestern local forces of Former Liang, and the king was the local surname Zhang, the ninth lord of the former Liang Calendar, a total of 76 years.
The third generation of Liang King Zhang Mao, around 320 AD, built a large number of buildings for the tomb, rammed the earth 10 meters high, and built the Lingjuntai to bless the descendants of the Zhang clan. It can be inferred from this that the tomb is the ancestral ancestor of the Zhang clan of the Local Hao clan in Wuwei, who operated in the local area for hundreds of years, dominated Liangzhou, and with the frequent wars and chaos in the Central Plains, the Jin and Han dynasties alternated, gradually laying the foundation of the former Liang State.
@ Text Craftsman Regardless of Wang Zhizhuo's "Liangzhou Words":
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, a lonely city of Wanlingshan, Qiangdi why should complain about the willows, the spring wind does not pass the Jade Gate.
Or Wang Han's "Liangzhou Words":
Grape wine luminous cup, want to drink pipa immediately urge, drunken lying on the battlefield Jun Mo smiled, Gu Lai conquest several people back.
They all express the unique customs and cultural features of Liangzhou, that is, Wuwei, as "the world is the key to the world, the national guard".
Therefore, it is normal for precious cultural relics such as the "Horse Ta Fei Yan" and the Bronze Carriage Horse Figurine Honor Guard to appear in this hot land, I don't know how many valuable historical relics and cultural relics have long been lost in the dust of the years, they all prove that the remote land of the border plug, although sad and desolate, but also mighty and heroic, has long achieved its own prosperous and prosperous things Fu Minfeng, and in the long-standing Chinese cultural vein, contributing to the brilliant Chinese civilization.