The content of this article comes from the WeChat public account: Satellite Navigation International Journal, the copyright belongs to the original author and the published media, the content published is for exchange and reference only, and does not represent the position of this journal.
XGeo
Wisdom painting science suit
Follow us quickly
Title: Beidou satellite precision orbit determination
Authors: Zhao Qile, Guo Jing*, Wang Chen, Lv Yifei, Xu Xiaolong, Yang Chao, Li Junqiang
Theme words: Beidou satellite navigation system; orbit and clock difference; solar light pressure; attitude; phase center; interstellar link
(Image from the author)
Precise orbit determination for BDS satellites
Qile Zhao, Jing Guo* , Chen Wang, Yifei Lv, Xiaolong Xu, Chao Yang and Junqiang Li
Satellite Navigation (2022) 3: 2
Citations:
Zhao, Q. L., Guo, J., Wang, C. et al. Precise orbit determination for BDS satellites. Satell Navig3, 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-021-00062-y
PDF file download link:
https://satellite-navigation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43020-021-00062-y
-Long press to identify the QR code to view/download the full text-
Editorial Summary
BDS: Precise orbit determination
China has made continuous efforts to establish its own independent BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) to provide Positioning, Navigation and Timing services, which rely on the high quality of orbit and clock products.
This article summarizes the achievements in the Precise Orbit Determination of BDS satellites in the past decade with the focus on observation and orbit dynamic models, e.g., phase center corrections, satellite attitude, and solar radiation pressure.
In addition, the urgent requirement for error modeling of the ISL data is emphasized based on the analysis of the observation noises, and the incompatible characteristics of orbit and clock derived with L-band and ISL data are discussed.
The further researches on the improvement of ISL and L-band observation models, dynamic perturbations and the potential contribution of BDS to the estimation of geodetic parameters are identified.
Highlights of this article
- This paper summarizes the research progress of Beidou satellite precision orbit determination at home and abroad in the past 10 years, especially in geometric observation models, orbit dynamic models and orbit determination strategies. Firstly, the metadata of the Beidou satellite, especially the geometric and physical attribute parameters of the satellite star and the solar sail board, are given, and the ground measurement station and low-orbit satellite tracking of the Beidou satellite are sorted out and summarized. In terms of geometric error model, the research status of satellite yaw attitude and antenna phase center correction model is summarized in detail. In terms of orbital dynamics research, the research progress of non-conserved force models such as solar pressure, Earth reflective radiation, antenna thrust and thermal radiation force is discussed and analyzed.
- In this paper, the observation characteristics of interstellar links and their contributions to Beidou precision orbit determination are further summarized and analyzed. On the basis of describing the topology and chain building method of interstellar links, the closed difference of precision orbital residuals and bidirectional naturalized clock difference observations reveals systematic errors such as constants, trend terms and periodic terms of unknown origin in the observations of interstellar links. The inconsistency between the radial orbit error characteristics of the two types of satellites determined by interstellar link and satellite-ground L-band observations was further demonstrated, and the effects of the observed characteristics on satellite orbit and non-conservative force estimates were discussed.
- In this paper, the follow-up research and prospect of precision orbit determination of Beidou satellite are discussed. Specifically, on the basis of improving the metadata of the Beidou satellite, further combining the on-board Beidou tracking data of ground and low-orbit satellites to estimate the phase center deviation and change of all satellite antennas consistent with the IGS framework; further optimizing the non-conservative force models such as solar pressure and thermal radiation force to improve the accuracy of satellite orbit determination during eclipse satellites and zero deflection period; analyzing the error sources and elimination methods of interstellar link systems; and studying the precision orbit determination of Beidou satellites under the constraint of the clock difference model or the estimated clock difference of interstellar links To investigate and analyze the influence and contribution of the Beidou system and its star-to-earth, interstellar and on-board observations on the estimation of geodetic parameters such as geocentricity, scale and earth rotation parameters.
Synopsis
Since the 1980s, China has actively explored the establishment of an independent Beidou satellite navigation system, and through a three-step strategy, it has successfully established the Beidou-1 system consisting of three geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, the Beidou-2 system composed of 5 GEO, 5 inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites and 4 medium-orbit (MEO) satellites, and the Beidou-3 system composed of 3 GEO, 3 IGSOs and 24 MEOs. The Beidou-2 system officially provided regional positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services from the end of December 2012, while Beidou-3 officially provided global PNT services from July 31, 2020.
Orbit and clock difference are the core parameters that determine the service performance of the Beidou satellite system, and also have an important impact on the estimation and determination of geodetic parameters such as earth orientation parameters (EOP) and geocentricity. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of beidou satellite precision orbit determination in the past 10 years from the aspects of satellite system, tracking data, geometric observation model, orbit dynamic model and orbit determination strategy. The influence and contribution of Beidou satellite on the estimation of geodetic parameters are further discussed, and finally the follow-up research content of Beidou satellite precision orbit determination is discussed.
Illustrated reading
I BeiDou system status and satellite metadata
At present, the space segment of the Beidou satellite navigation system is composed of the Beidou-2 system (5 GEO, 7 IGSOs and 3 MEOs), the Beidou-3 experimental system (2 IGSOs and 2 MEOs) and the Beidou-3 global system (3 GEO, 3 IGSOs and 24 MEOs). Detailed status in orbit can be found in the Test and Evaluation Research Center of the China Satellite Navigation System Administration Office (http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/constellation).
Metadata including Beidou-2 and 3 satellite antenna phase center deviation, mass, satellite satellite structure and optical properties, attitude control mode, etc. was made public at the end of 2019 (CSNO 2019a) to support high-precision data processing and orbit dynamic modeling of Beidou satellites. The Beidou-3 GEO and IGSO satellite stars manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology (hereinafter referred to as the Fifth Academy) are rectangular stretched along the Z axis, and in addition to the solar sails, geo satellites are equipped with truss antennas on the ± X surface; in addition to the truss antennas installed on the +X surface, the IGSO satellite also has two small antennas on the -X surface (Chen and Wu, 2020). The Beidou-3 MEO satellite of the China Academy of Space Technology (hereinafter referred to as the Fifth Academy) adopts a special platform, and its structure presents a T-shape composed of two rectangles of size, which is suitable for multi-satellite launch and direct orbit, so as to meet the task requirements of batch development and rapid networking of satellite groups (Zhang et al., 2020). In addition, some satellites have additional communication antennas on the -X-side. The satellite structure of the Beidou-3 MEO satellite developed by the Institute of Microsatellite Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the small satellite) has a rectangular shape stretched along the X axis. The difference in the direction of the star stretch will cause the orbital error of the five houses and the small satellite MEO satellite to have different characteristics.
Figure 1 Beidou-3 GEO, IGSO satellite, and MEO satellites manufactured by the Five Academies and small satellites respectively (Source: China Satellite Navigation System Management Office Test and Evaluation Research Center and Chinese Academy of Sciences Microsatellite Innovation Institute).
The disclosed Metadata of the Beidou satellite contains only the absorption parameters of the satellite stars and solar sails, and lacks specular reflection and diffuse reflection coefficients for light pressure modeling. Chen et al. (2019) gives in more detail the material types of Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite stars and solar sails and the corresponding optical coefficients. With this reference, this paper obtains and gives rough optical coefficient values for non-conservative force modeling of the Beidou-2 and Beidou-3 satellites.
II BeiDou satellite tracking data
The L-band tracking data of the BDStar-Ground mainly comes from the Beidou Experimental Tracking Network (BETS) of Wuhan University, the International Satellite Navigation Service Organization (IGS) and the Global Continuous Monitoring and Evaluation System (iGMAS). The BETS network was established in March 2011 by the Satellite Navigation and Positioning Technology Research Center of Wuhan University and consists of about 15 stations (Shi et al., 2011), providing the initial tracking data for the Beidou-2 satellite signal. The iGMAS network is constructed from the Global Continuous Monitoring and Evaluation System project and consists of 31 globally distributed sites (Jiao et al., 2011), which can be downloaded from the corresponding data centers. With the vigorous development of emerging navigation systems, IGS co-ordinated the establishment of the Multimode GNSS Working Group (MGEX) and actively promoted the establishment of multimode tracking stations. As of September 2021, there are more than 250 stations in the MGEX network that can track the Beidou signal, and their data can be downloaded from IGS data centers.
Figure 2 Tracking of Beidou-2 and 3 satellites by IGS and iGMAS stations.
Figure 2 shows the change in the number of iGMAS and MGEX stations capable of tracking Beidou-2 and Beidou-3 since 2014. It can be seen from this that for mgex stations, the tracking capabilities of Beidou-2 and No. 3 satellites are gradually improving, especially in the middle of 2018. However, not all Beidou satellite tracking stations have a similar number. Basically, the earlier a satellite is launched, the greater the number of tracking stations (Figure 3). The difference in the number of tracking stations will have a systematic impact on the accuracy of satellite orbits.
Figure 3 Tracking of different beidou-3 satellite ground stations.
In addition to ground tracking stations, there are a small number of low-orbit satellites that carry spaceborne GNSS receivers to provide on-board Beidou observations, such as the Dexterous Communications Test Satellite, Fengyun-3 C-stars and D-stars, Luojia-1 A-satellites and Balance-1 B-stars. It provides an important data source for improving the geometric tracking conditions of Beidou satellites, improving the accuracy of orbit determination, and the calibration of geometric errors such as antenna phase center.
In addition, the Beidou-3 satellite has a Ka-band inter-satellite link function, which can realize inter-satellite communication and ranging, and is used for precision orbit and clock difference estimation. The Beidou inter-satellite link adopts the time-division multiple access system for two-way ranging, and according to the time slot planning table pre-injected to the satellite on the ground, each satellite rotates and builds a chain with other visible satellites (or ground anchoring stations). A pair of chain-building satellites transmit measurement signals sequentially in a time slot (3s) to complete a inter-satellite measurement, of which the forward measurement is completed within the first 1.5 s and the reverse measurement is completed within the second 1.5 s. In each 3s time slot, there will be multiple pairs of satellites simultaneously chained, so that interstellar ranging can cover the entire constellation in a short period of time. In addition, the time slot planning table is also updated over a period of time (e.g. 1 hour) based on the visibility of the satellite, thus forming a dynamic link (Xie, 2019). Bidirectional one-way ranging observations can be normalized to one-way, distance-independent or clock-difference-independent observations for precision clock difference estimation and orbit determination.
III geometric observation model
Attitude description of the solid in-orbit orientation of satellite stars has a significant impact on geometric errors such as antenna phase center and phase winding, as well as non-conservative force modeling such as light pressure. The Beidou-2 and Geo satellites adopt a zero-offset attitude (yaw angle is 0°); the Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO satellites adopt a dynamic bias attitude control mode similar to other navigation satellites (yaw attitude dynamically changes with the satellite position), and when the absolute value of the sun's inclination relative to the satellite orbital surface (β angle) is less than 4°, it adopts a zero-bias attitude. Many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research on the attitude conversion conditions of Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO satellites (Guo et al., 2014; Dai et al.,2015; Li et al., 2018）。 Due to the significant reduction in orbital accuracy of the Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO satellites during the zero-bias period and during the transition of the dynamic zero attitude mode, some Beidou-2 and Beidou-3 IGSO and MEO satellites have adopted a continuous dynamic deviation mode. For the Five Houses Satellite, Dilssner (2017) and Wang et al. (2018) has successively built a corresponding attitude control model. For the small satellite MEO satellite, Yang et al. (2021) The study shows that its yaw attitude basically follows the model given in the "Beidou/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Satellite High-Precision Application Parameters Definition and Description", that is, the yaw attitude at β=3° is used when the β angle is (0, 3°], and the yaw attitude is adopted at β=3° when the β angle is [-3°, 0].< However, when the Sun passes through the orbital plane, that is, β angle symbol changes, there is a delay in attitude switching, resulting in a reverse adjustment of the maneuver at noon or midnight.
Other geometric error studies mainly focus on the systematic error of the Beidou satellite end related to the height angle, the systematic deviation between the Beidou 2 and 3 satellites, and the code and phase observation deviation. Wanninger and Beer (2015) first reported the existence of systematic errors related to altitude angles at the Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO satellites, and constructed corresponding models to correct them, while Beidou-3 significantly eliminated the relevant errors. Recently, more studies have revealed that there is a deviation between the beidou-2 and no. 3 overlapping frequency point signals (such as Mi et al., 2021), which will have a fixed degree of fuzziness, etc., so the Beidou-2 and No. 3 satellites should be regarded as independent systems when processing data.
In addition to the above L-band observation errors, there are also significant systematic errors in the Beidou inter-satellite link observations. The bidirectional inter-satellite link observations are normalized to unidirectional geometry-independent observations for use in clock difference estimation, and the corresponding closure difference is obtained by summing the geometrically independent observations of more than three satellites. The variation of the closure difference between different satellites, such as C20-C21-C41, C28-C30-C44, C21-C28-C29, and C20-C25-C45, is shown in Figure 4. Theoretically, the above geometrically independent observation closure difference, on the basis of eliminating orbital error, further eliminates receiver clock difference and interstellar link transceiver channel delay, which should show white noise characteristics. However, in addition to C20-C21-C41 in the figure, the closure difference of other satellite groups shows systematic error characteristics such as deviation and periodicity, which will affect the inter-satellite link data processing. In addition, it was found that there is a link-dependent constant deviation in the residuals of inter-satellite link observations (Figure 5) (Xieet al., 2019), which can be eliminated by directly estimating the transceiver channel delay associated with the continuous correlation. The above systematic sources of error still need to be further identified and studied.
Figure 4 Characteristics of inter-satellite link closure error of different Beidou satellite groups.
Figure 5 Beidou interstellar link observation residuals.
IV orbital dynamics model
Sunlight pressure is the core factor affecting the accuracy of beidou satellite orbit determination. Due to the fact that the satellite is stationary relative to the ground station and the geometric observation conditions change is small, the orbit determination accuracy of the Beidou GEO satellite is in the meter level. By constructing a presocience pressure model to account for the impact of GEO satellite communication antennas, Wang et al. (2019) increases its radial orbit accuracy to 10 cm. For the Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO satellites, due to the lack of yaw attitude models suitable for zero deviation, the accuracy of orbit determination during the zero deviation period is significantly reduced. Numerous studies at home and abroad have significantly improved the accuracy of orbit determination during zero-bias of Beidou IGSO and MEO satellites by constructing analytical models or empirical models suitable for zero-bias mode (Wang et al., 2013; Guo et al., 2014; Montenbrucket al., 2017b）。 For the Beidou-3 MEO satellite, when the ECOM1 photodynamic model is directly used for precision orbit determination, its radial orbit error shows a systematic error related to the solar spoke angle (sun-Earth-satellite angle) (Figure 6). Due to the different tensile directions of the cuboids, the orbital error characteristics of the five houses and small satellites show opposite changes. Such errors can be significantly attenuated or eliminated by using methods such as ECOM2 or a priori box wing models (Wang et al., 2019; Yan et al., 2019a; Li etal., 2020; Duan et al., 2021）。
Figure 6 Residuals of Beidou SLR observations based on the Star-Earth L-band and ECOM1 models.
In addition to light pressure, antenna thrust, Earth reflection radiation and thermal radiation have a systematic impact on the orbit of Beidou satellites. The antenna thrust is the reaction force generated by the external transmission of the satellite, and its size is related to the signal transmitted power and quality. Steigenberger et. al. (2018) and Steigenberger & Thoelert (2020) measured the signal power of the Beidou-2 and 3 satellites, respectively. This causes the Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO, as well as the Beidou-3 5th Academy and the small satellite MEO to produce a deviation of about 28, 5, 16 and 19 mm in the radial orbit. Correspondingly, the Earth's reflective radiation will cause deviations of about 25, 20, 15 and 12 mm in the radial orbit of Beidou-2 IGSO and MEO, as well as Beidou-3 5 courtyards and small satellite MEO.
V precision orbit determination of Beidou satellites based on L-band and inter-satellite links
Beidou satellite precision orbit determination can use L-band or inter-satellite link observations. At present, IGS MGEX and iGMAS and their respective analysis centers provide beidou high-precision orbit and clock difference products based on L-band and comparison and synthesis results of products between different analysis centers. With the increase in the number of ground-based observation stations, the consistency and accuracy of products between different analysis centers are gradually improving. At present, the orbital consistency of the Beidou GEO satellites of different analysis centers is at the meter level, with IGSO being about 15 cm and MEO being about 7 cm (Steigenberger and Montenbruck, 2020). Laser ranging verification showed that the orbital error of Beidou-2 GEO, IGSO and MEO satellites was about 20, 5-7 and 3.5 cm (Sośnica et al., 2020). The orbital accuracy of the Beidou-3 satellite is raised from 3-4 cm or even about 2 cm in 2019 (Guo et al., 2021).
Figure 7 Residuals of Beidou SLR observations based on interstellar links and ECOM1 models.
For the Beidou-3 MEO satellite, the orbit determination accuracy similar to that of the global L-band observations can be obtained based on the inter-satellite link observations, but its orbital error shows characteristics that are inconsistent with the L-band. Figure 7 shows the residuals of the SLR observations of the Beidou C20 and C30 satellites based on the interstellar link observations and the ECOM1 model. Unlike Figure 6, the radial orbit error does not significantly show linear variations related to the solar spoke angle, mainly because the interstellar link observations have high estimatibility of the optical pressure parameters, especially the D0 parameters.
Effect of VI Beidou on the estimation of geodetic parameters
At present, the precision orbit determination research of Beidou satellite mainly focuses on the refinement of geometric and dynamic models, and lacks research on the estimation of geodetic parameters. Theoretically, the above parameter estimation should be independent of the GNSS system, however, studies have shown that the intersection year error exhibited in the geodetic parameter estimation sequence is related to the residual error of the satellite orbit dynamic model (e.g., the optical pressure model) and the composition of the GNSS satellite constellation (Zajdel et al., 2020, 2021; Scaramuzza et al., 2018）。 In addition, due to the correlation between parameters such as station coordinates, clock difference, and ambiguity, it is difficult for Beidou/GNSS to accurately determine the geocentric motion and frame scale (Rebischung et al., 2014a). Although the ground calibration value of the phase center of the Beidou system antenna has been announced, Qu et al. (2021) analysis shows that it differs from the Galileo ground calibration values by up to +1.854 ppb (part-per-billion) on a frame scale, so the construction of an independent scale based on Beidou or GNSS technology requires further study. With the disclosure of numerous low-orbit satellite data carrying satellite Beidou/GNSS receivers, it will be possible to construct independent scales. In addition, the ability and constraints of beidou inter-satellite link data for geodetic parameter estimation still need further analysis and research.
VII Follow-up research directions
This paper believes that the beidou precision orbit determination research can be further carried out in the following directions. First, on the basis of improving the metadata of the Beidou satellite, further combine the on-board Beidou tracking data of ground and low-orbit satellites to estimate the phase center deviation and change of all satellite antennas consistent with the IGS framework; second, further optimize the non-conservative force models such as light pressure and thermal radiation force to improve the accuracy of satellite orbit determination during eclipse satellites and zero deflection; third, analyze the error sources and elimination methods of the interstellar link system, and study the precision orbit determination of Beidou satellites under the constraint of clock difference model or interstellar link estimation clock difference; fourth, Investigate and analyze the influence and contribution of Beidou on the estimation of geodetic parameters such as geocentricity, scale and earth rotation parameters.
bibliography
1 Arnold D, Meindl M, Beutler G, Dach R, Schaer S, Lutz S, Prange L, Sośnica K, Mervart L, Jäggi A (2015). CODE’s new solar radiation pressure model for GNSS orbit determination. Journal of Geodesy 89: 775–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0814-4
2 Bar-Sever YE (1996) A new model for GPS yaw attitude. Journal of Geodesy 70(11):714-723. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00867149
3 Bar-Sever Y, Kuang D (2004) New empirically derived solar radiation pressure model for global positioning system satellites. The Interplanetary Network Progress Report, pp 42–159
4 Bar-Sever Y, Kuang D (2005) New empirically derived solar radiation pressure model for global positioning system satellites during eclipse seasons. The Interplanetary Network Progress Report, pp 42–160
5 Beutler G, Brockmann E, Gurtner W, Hugentobler U, Mervart L, Rothacher M, Verdun A (1994) Extended orbit modeling techniques at the CODE processing center of the international GPS service for geodynamics (IGS): theory and initial results. Manuscripta Geodaetica 19(6):367-386.
6 Bury G, Sosnica K, Zajdel R (2018) Multi-GNSS orbit determination using satellite laser ranging. Journal of Geodesy 93:2447-2469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1143-1
7 Cai H, Meng Y, Geng T, Xie X (2020) Initial Results of Precise Orbit Determination Using Satellite-Ground and Inter-Satellite Link Observations for BDS-3 Satellites. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 45:1493-1500. https://doi.org/10.13203/j.whugis20180499
8 Chen Z, Wu X (2020) General design of the third generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics 52:6. https://10.16356/j.1005-2615.2020.06.001
9 CSNO (2019a). Satellite Information of BDS, China Satellite Navigation Office. Available online: http://en.beidou.gov.cn/SYSTEMS/Officialdocument/201912/P020200103556125703019.rar. Accessed on 1 September 2021
10 CSNO (2019b) Definitions and descriptions of BDS/GNSS satellite parameters for high precision application. http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/gfgg/201912/W020200323534413026471.doc. Accessed on 1 September 2021
11 Chen G, Guo J, Geng T, Zhao Q (2020) Multi-GNSS orbit combination at Wuhan University: strategy and preliminary products. Journal of Geodesy (Under review)
12 Chen Q, Yang H, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang C (2019) Solar radiation pressure modeling and application of BDS satellite. Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica 48(2):169-175. https://doi.org/10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20180097
13 Chen X, Zhao S, Wang M, Lu M (2016) Space-borne BDS receiver for LING QIAO satellite: design, implementation and preliminary in-orbit experiment results. GPS Solutions 20:837-847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0493-x
14 Chen K, Xu T, Chen G, Li J, Yu S (2015) The Orbit and Clock Combination of iGMAS Analysis Centers and the Analysis of Their Precision. In: Sun et al. (eds) China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2015 Proceedings: Volume II. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 341. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi/org/10.1007/978-3-662-46635-3_36
15 Dai X, Ge M, Lou Y, Shi C, Wickert J, Schuh H (2015) Estimating the yaw-attitude of BDS IGSO and MEO satellites, Journal of Geodesy 89(10):1005-1018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0829-x
16 Deng Z (2021) WL_UPD, integer clock and OBX from GFZ MGEX RAPID products. IGSMAIL-8068.
17 Dilssner F, Springer T, Gienger G, Dow J (2011) The GLONASS-M satellite yaw-attitude model. Advances in Space Research 47(1):160–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2010.09.007
18 Dilssner F, Springer T, Schönemann E, Enderle W (2014) Estimation of satellite Antenna Phase Center corrections for BeiDou. In: Proceedings of IGS workshop 2014, 23–27 June 2014, Pasadena, USA
19 Dilssner F (2017). A note on the yaw attitude modeling of BeiDou IGSO-6. http://navigation-office.esa.int/attachments_24576369_1_BeiDou_IGSO6_Yaw_Modeling.pdf. Accessed on 21 September 2021
20 Dilssner F, Springer T, Schönemann, Enderle W (2018) Initial orbit determination of third-generation BeiDou MEO spacecraft. IGS Workshop 2018, 28 Oct -2 Nov 2018, Wuhan, China
21 Duan B, Hugentobler U, Selmke I (2019) The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites. Advances in Space Research 63(5):1803-1812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.11.007
22 Duan B, Hugentobler U, Hofacker M, Selmke I (2020) Improving solar radiant pressure for GLONASS satellites. Journal of Geodesy 94:72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01400-9
23 Duan B, Hugentobler U, Selmke I, Marz S (2021a) Physical a priori solar radiation pressure models for GNSS satellites with focus on BDS. EGU2021, vPICOonline, 27.Apr, 2021, EGU21-12358
24 Duan B, Hugentobler U, Selmke I, Marz S, Killian M, Rott M (2021b) BeiDou satellite radiation force models for precise orbit determination and geodetic applications. TechRxiv. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.15111978.v1
25 Fliegel H, Gallini T (1996) Solar force modeling of block IIR global positioning system satellites. J Spacecraft Rockets 33(6):863–866. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26851
26 Fliegel H, Gallini T, Swift E (1992) Global positioning system radiation force model for geodetic applications. Journal of Geophysical Research 97(B1):559–568. https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB02564
27 Glaser S, Michalak G, Männel B, König R, Neumayer K H, Schuh H (2020) Reference system origin and scale realization with the futhre GNSS constellation “Kapler”. Journal of Geodesy 94:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/00190-020-01441-0
28 Ge M, Zhang HP, Jia XL, Song SL, Wickert L (2012) What is achievable with the current COMPASS Constellations? In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2012), Nashville, 17–21 Sept 2012
29 Guo J, Zhao Q, Geng T, Su X, Liu J (2013) Precise orbit determination for COMPASS IGSO satellites during yaw maneuvers. In: Sun J, Jiao W, Wu H, Shi C (Eds.), Proceedings China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2013. Vol. III. Springer 245:41–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37407-4_4
30 Guo J, Zhao Q (2014a) Analysis of precise orbit determination for Beidou satellites during yaw maneuvers. Presented at China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2014, Wuhan, 22 May 2014.
31 Guo J (2014b) The Impacts of Attitude, Solar Radiation and Function Model on Precise Orbit Determination for GNSS Satellites. PhD Dissertation, GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University
32 Guo J, Xu X, Zhao Q, Liu J (2016a) Precise orbit determination for quad-constellation satellites at Wuhan University: Strategy, result validation, and comparison. Journal of Geodesy 90:143–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0862-9
33 Guo F, Li X, Zhang X, Wang J (2016b) Assessment of precise orbit and clock products for Galileo, BeiDou, and QZSS from IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX). GPS Solution 21:279–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-016-0523-3
34 Guo J, Chen G, Zhao Q, Liu J, Liu X (2017) Comparison of solar radiation pressure models for BDS IGSO and MEO satellites with emphasis on improving orbit quality. GPS Solutions 21:511-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-016-0540-2
35 Guo J, Qu Z, Chao Y, Chen G, Wang C, Zhao Q (2020) The potential contributions and challenges of BDS to establishment of terrestrial reference frame. Presented at China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2020, Chengdu, 23 November 2014.
36 Guo J, Wang C, Zhao Q (2021) BDS-3 precise orbit and clock solution at Wuhan University: status and improvement. Journal of Geodesy (under review)
37 Guo R, Zhou J, Hu X, Liu L, Tang B, Li X, Wu S (2015) Precise orbit determination and rapid orbit recovery supported by time synchronization. Advances in Space Research 55(12):2889–2898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.03.001
38 Hackel S, Steigenberger P, Hugentobler U, Uhlemann M, Montenbruck O (2015) Galileo orbit determination using combined GNSS and SLR observations. GPS Solution 19 (1):15-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0361-5
39 Hauschild A, Montenbruck O, Sleewaegen J-M, Huisman L, Teunissen P (2011) Characterization of Compass M-1 signals. GPS Solutions 16:117-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-011-0210-3
40 Hauschild A, Montenbruck O, Sleewaegen J-M, Huisman L, Teunissen PG (2012) Characterization of compass M-1 signals. GPS Solutions 16:117–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-011-0210-3
41 Huang G, Yan X, Zhang Q, Liu C, Wang L Qin Z (2018) Estimation of antenna phase center offset for BDS IGSO and MEO satellites. GPS Solution 22:49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-018-0716-z
42 Huang W, Männel B, Brack A, Schuh H (2021) Two methods to determine scale-independent GPS PCOs and GNSS-based terrestrial scale: comparison and cross-check. GPS Solution 25:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01035-5
43 Jiao W, Ding Q, Li J, Lu X, Feng L, Ma J, Chen G (2011) Monitoring and assessment of GNSS open services. Journal of Navigation 64(S1):S19–S29. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463311000385
44 Krzan G, Dawidowicz K, Wielgosz P (2020) Antenna phase center correction differences from robot and chamber calibrations: the case study LEIAR25. GPS Solutions 24:747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-0957-5
45 Kröger J, Kersten T, Breva Y, Schön S (2021) Multi-frequency multi-GNSS receiver antenna calibration at IfE: Concept - calibration results - validation. Advances in Space Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.029
46 Li X, Hu X, Guo R, Tang C, Zhou S, Liu S, Chen J (2018) Orbit and positioning accuracy for new generation BeiDou satellites during the earth eclipsing period. The Journal of Navigation 71:1069-1087. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463318000103
47 Li X, Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Huang J, Wu J, Xiong Y, Zhang X, Li X (2019) Precise orbit determination for BDS3 experimental satellites using iGMAS and MGEX tracking networks. Journal of Geodesy 93:103–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1144-0
48 Li X, Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Jiao W, Bian L, Li X, Zhang K (2020a) Improving BDS-3 precise orbit determination for medium earth orbit satellites. GPS Solution 24:53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-0967-3
49 Li X, Zhu Y, Zheng K, Yuan Y, Liu G, Xiong Y (2020b) Precise Orbit and Clock Products of Galileo, BDS and QZSS from MGEX Since 2018: Comparison and PPP Validation. Remote Sensing 2020(12):1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12091415
50 Li X, Zhang K, Meng X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Li X, Yuan Y (2020c) LEO-BDS-GPS integrated precise orbit modeling using FengYun-3D, FengYun-3C onboard and ground observations. GPS Solutions 24:48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-0962-8
51 Li X, Zhang K, Meng X, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Li X (2020d) Precise orbit determination for the FY-3C satellite using onboard BDS and GPS observations from 2013, 2015, and 2017. Engineering 6(8):904-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.001
52 Li J, Yuan Y, Huang S, Liu C, Lou J, Li X (2021a) Examination and enhancement of solar radiation pressure model for BDS-3 satellites. EGU2021, vPICOonline, 27.Apr, 2021, EGU21-12358171635
53 Li R, Wang N, Li Z, Shang Y, Wang Z, Ma H (2021b) Precise orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites using B1C and B2a dual-frequency measurements. GPS Solutions 25:95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-021-01126-x
54 Liu J, Gu D, Ju B, Shen Z, Lai Y, Yi D (2016) A new empirical solar radiation pressure model for BeiDou GEO satellites. Advances in Space Research 57(1):234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.10.043
55 Liu C, Gao W, Pan J, Tang C, Hu X, Wang W, Chen Y, Lu Y, Su C (2020) Inter-satellite clock offsets adjustment based on closed-loop residual detection of BDS inter-satellite link. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica 49(9):1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200319
56 Loyer S, Perosanz F, Versini L, Katsigianni G, Mercier F, Mezerette (2018) CNES/CLS IGS Analysis center: recent activities. IGS Workshop 2018, 29 October to 2 November, Wuhan, China
57 Lv Y, Geng T, Zhao Q, Xie X, Zhang F, Wang X (2020) Evaluation of BDS-3 orbit determination strategies using ground-tracking and inter-satellite link observation. Remote Sensing 12(16):2647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162647
58 Mi X, Sheng C, EI-Mowafy A, Zhang B (2021) Characteristics of receiver‑related biases between BDS‑3 and BDS‑2 for five frequencies including inter‑system biases, differential code biases, and differential phase biases. GPS Solutions 25:113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-021-01151-w
59 Montenbruck O, Hauschild A, Hessels U (2011) Characterization of GPS/GIOVE sensor stations in the CONGO network. GPS Solution 15 (3):193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-010-0182-8
60 Montenbruck O, Steigenberger P, Hugentobler U (2015a) Enhanced solar radiation pressure modeling for Galileo satellites. Journal of Geodesy 89 (3):283-297, 10.1007/s00190-014-0774-0
61 Montenbruck O, Schmid R, Mercier F, Steigenberger P, Noll C, Fatkulin R, Kogure S, Ganeshan AS (2015b) GNSS satellite geometry and attitude models. Advances in Space Research 56(6):1015–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.06.019
62 Montenbruck O, Steigenberger P, Prange L, Deng Z, Zhao Q, Perosanz F, Romero I, Noll C, Stürze A, Weber G, Schmid R, MacLeod K, Schaer S (2017a) The Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) – Achievements, prospects and challenges. Advances in Space Research 59:1671-1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.01.011
63 Montenbruck O, Steigenberger P, Darugna F (2017b) Semi-analytical solar radiation pressure modeling for QZS-1 orbit-normal and yaw-steering attitude. Advances in Space Research 59(8):2088-2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.01.036
64 Pan J, Hu X, Zhou S, Tang C, Guo R, Zhu L, Tang G, Hu G (2018) Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements. Advances in Space Research 61(1):145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.10.004
65 Pan J, Hu X, Zhou S, Tang C, Wang D, Yang Y, Dong W (2021) Full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm for BDS3. GPS Solutions 25:140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-021-01177-0
66 Pearlman MR, Degnan JJ, Bosworth JM (2002) The International Laser Ranging Service. Advances in Space Research 30:135–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00277-6
67 Rebischung P, Altamimi Z, Springer T (2014) A collinearity diagnosis of the GNSS geocenter determination. Journal of Geodesy 88:65–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-013-0669-5
68 Rebischung P (2014) Can GNSS contribute to improving the ITRF definition? PhD Thesis, Ecole Doctorale Astronomie et Astrophysique d’Ile-de-France
69 Rodríguez-Solano C (2009) Impact of albedo modeling on GPS orbits. Master Thesis. Technische Universität München
70 Rodríguez-Solano C, Hugentobler U, Steigenberger P (2012a) Adjustable box-wing model for solar radiation pressure impacting GPS satellites. Advances in Space Research 49:1113–1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.01.016
71 Rodriguez-Solano C, Hugentobler U, Steigenberger P, Lutz S (2012b). Impact of earth radiation pressure on GPS position estimates. J Geod 86(5):309–317. doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0517-4
72 Prange L, Villiger A, Sidorov D, Schaer S, Beutler G, Dach R, Jäggi A (2020a) Overview of CODE’s MGEX solution with the focus on Galileo. Advances in Space Research 66(12):2786-2798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.04.038
73 Prange L, Beutler G, Dach R, Arnold D, Schaer S, Jäggi A (2020b) An empirical solar radiation pressure model for satellites moving in the orbit-normal mode. Advances in Space Research 65(1):235-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.07.031
74 Ruan R, Jia X, Feng L, Zhu J, Huyan Z, Li J, Wei Z (2020) Orbit determination and time synchronization for BDS-3 satellites with raw inter-satellite link ranging observations. Satellite Navigation 1:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-020-0008-y
75 Qing Y, Lou Y, Dai X, Liu Y (2017) Benefits of satellite clock modeling in BDS and Galileo orbit determination. Advances in Space Research 60(12):2550-2560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.03.040
76 Qu Z, Guo J, Zhao Q (2021a) Phase center corrections for BDS IGSO and MEO satellites in IGb14 and IGSR3 frame. Remote Sensing 13(4):745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040745
77 Qu Z (2021b) Phase center corrections for BDS satellites with ground and LEO onboard data. Master Dissertation, Wuhan University.
78 Selmke I, Duan B, Hugentobler U (2018) Status of the TUM MGEX orbit and clock products. IGS Workshop 2018, 29 October to 2 November, Wuhan, China
79 Scaramuzza S, Dach R, Beutler G, Arnold D, Sušnik A, Jäggi A (2018) Dependency of geodynamic parameters on the GNSS constellation. Journal of Geodesy 92(1):93–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0019 0-017-1047-5
80 Shi C, Zhao Q, Li M, Tang W, Hu Z, Lou Y, Zhang H, Niu X, Liu J (2012) Precise orbit determination of BeiDou Satellites with precise positioning. Science China Earth Sciences 55:1079-1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4446-8
81 Sidorov D, Dach R, Polle B, Prange L, Jaggi A (2020) Adopting the empirical CODE orbit model to Galileo satellites. Advances in Space Research 66(12):15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.05.028
82 Sośnica K, Zajdel R, Bury G, Bosy J, Moore M, Masoumi S (2020) Quality assessment of experimental IGS multi-GNSS combined orbits. GPS Solutions 24:54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-0965-5
83 Springer T, Beutler G, Rothacher M (1999) A new solar radiation pressure model for GPS satellites. GPS Solution 2(3):50–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012757
84 Springer T, Agrotis L, Dilssner F, Feltens J, Van Kints M, Mayer V, Romero I, Enderle W, Schoenemann E, Zandbergen R (2020) The ESA/ESOC IGS Analysis Centre Technical Report 2019. ftp://ftp.aiub.unibe.ch/users/villiger/2019_techreport.pdf. Accessed on 30 August 2021
85 Steigenberger P, Hugentobler U, Hauschild A, Montenbruck O (2013) Orbit and clock analysis of Compass GEO and IGSO satellites. Journal of Geodesy 87(6):515–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-013-0625-4
86 Steigenberger P, Thoelert S, Montenbruck O (2018) GNSS satellite transmit power and its impact on orbit determination. Journal of Geodesy 92:609-624. DOI: 10.1007/s00190-017-1082-2
87 Steigenberger P, Thoelert S (2020) Initial BDS-3 transmit power analysis (with BDS-2 gain pattern)
88 Steigenberger P, Mentenbruck O (2020) Consistency of MGEX orbit and clock products. Engineering 6(8):898-903. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.005
89 Su M, Zhao Q, Guo J, Su X, Hu Z, Guo H (2018) Phase Center Calibration for Receiver Antenna and Its Impact on Precise Orbit Determination of BDS Satellites. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica 47(S0):78-85. https://doi.org/10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20180324
90 Sun B, Su H, Zhang Z, Kong Y, Yang X (2016) GNSS GEO Satellites Precise Orbit Determination Based on Carrier Phase and SLR Observations. IGS Workshop 2016, Feb 8-12, 2016, Sydney
91 Tan B, Yuan Y, Zhang B, Hsu H, Ou J (2016) A new analytical solar radiation pressure model for current BeiDou satellites: IGGBSPM. Scientific Report 6:32967. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32967
92 Tan B, Yuan Y, Wen M, Ning Y, Liu X (2017) Initial Results of the Precise Orbit Determination for the New-Generation BeiDou Satellites (BeiDou-3) Based on the iGMAS Network. International Journal of Geo-information 5:196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5110196
93 Tang C, Hu X, Zhou S, Liu L, Pan J, Chen L (2018) Initial results of centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation BDS satellites with inter-satellite link measurements. Journal of Geodesy 92:1155-1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1113-7
94 Wang W, Chen G, Guo S, Song X, Zhao Q (2013) A study on the Beidou IGSO/MEO satellite orbit determination and prediction of the different yaw control mode. In: Sun J, Jiao W, Wu H, Shi C (Eds.), Proceedings China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2013. Vol. III. Springer, pp 31–40, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37407-4_3
95 Wang C, Guo J, Zhao Q, Liu J (2018) Yaw attitude modeling for BeiDou I06 and BeiDou-3 satellites. GPS Solutions 22:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-018-0783-1
96 Wang C, Guo J, Zhao Q, Liu J (2019a) Empirically derived model of solar radiation pressure for BeiDou GEO satellites. Journal of Geodesy 93: 791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1199-y
97 Wang C, Zhao Q, Guo J, Liu J, Chen G (2019b) The contribution of intersatellite links to BDS-3 orbit determination: Model refinement and comparisons. Navigation 66 (1):71-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.295
98 Wang J, Liu G, Guo A, Xiao G, Wang B, Gao M, Wang S (2020c) BDS receiver antenna phase center calibration．Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica 49(3):312-321. https://doi.org/10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190072
99 Wang L, Xu B, Fu F, Chen R, Li T, Han Y, Zhou H (2020d) Centimeter-level precise orbit determination for the Luojia-1A satellite using BeiDou observations. Remote Sensing 12:2063. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122063
100 Wanninger L, Beer S (2015) BeiDou satellite-induced code pseudorange variations: diagnosis and therapy. GPS Solutions 19:639-648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0423-3
101 Willi D, Lutz S, Brockmann E, Rothacher M (2020) Absolute field calibration for multi-GNSS receiver antennas at ETH Zurich. GPS Solutions 24:375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0941-0
102 Wübbena G, Schmitz M, Warneke A (2019) Geo++ Absolute Multi Frequency GNSS Antenna Calibration. In Presentation at the EUREF Analysis Center (AC) Workshop, October 16–17, Warsaw, Poland. http://www.geopp.com/pdf/gpp_cal125_euref19_p.pdf . Accessed on 01 September 2021
103 Xia F, Ye S, Chen D, Jiang N (2019) Observation of BDS-2 IGSO/MEOs yaw-attitude behavior during eclipse seasons. GPS Solutions 23:71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0857-8
104 Xia F, Ye S, Chen D, Wu J, Wang C, Sun W (2020) Estimation of antenna phase center offsets for BeiDou IGSO and MEO satellites. GPS Solution 24:90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01002-0
105 Xie X (2019) Precise Orbit and Clock Determination for BDS-3 Satellites Using Inter-satellite Link Observations. PhD Dissertation, GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University.
106 Xie X, Geng T, Zhao Q, Lv Y, Cai H, Liu J (2020). Orbit and clock analysis of BDS-3 satellites using inter-satellite link observations. J Geodesy 94(7):64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01394-4
107 Xu T, Yu S, Li J (2014) Earth Rotation Parameters Determination Using BDS and GPS Data Based on MGEX Network. In: Sun J., Jiao W., Wu H., Lu M. (eds) China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2014 Proceedings: Volume III. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 305. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54740-9_26
108 Yan X, Huang G, Zhang Q, Wang L, Qin Z, Xie S (2019a) Estimation of the Antenna Phase Center Correction Model for the BeiDou-3 MEO Satellites. Remote Sensing 11:2850. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232850
109 Yan X, Liu C, Huang G, Zhang Q, Wang L, Qin Z, Xie S (2019b) A Priori Solar Radiation Pressure Model for BeiDou-3 MEO Satellites. Remote Sensing 11:1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131605
110 Yang Y, Tang J, Montenbruck O (2017a) Chinese Navigation Satellite Systems. In: Teunissen PJ, Montenbruck O (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_10
111 Yang D, Yang J, Li G, Zhou Y, Tang C (2017b) Globalization highlight: orbit determination using BeiDou inter-satellite ranging measurements. GPS Solutions 21:1395-1404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-017-0626-5
112 Yang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Chen J, Guo R, Tang C, Zhou S, Zhao L, Xu J (2019) Inter-Satellite Link enhanced orbit determination for BeiDou-3. The Journal of Navigation 73:115-130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463319000523
113 Yang C, Guo J, Zhao Q (2021) Yaw attitudes for BDS-3 IGSO and MEO satellites: estimation, validation and modeling with inter-satellite link observations. Submitted to Journal of Geodesy
114 Zajdel R, Sosnica K, Bury G, Dach R, Prange L (2020) System‑specifc systematic errors in earth rotation parameters derived from GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. GPS Solutions 24:74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-00989-w
115 Zajdel R, Sosnica K, Bury G (2021) Geocenter coordinates derived from multi-GNSS: a look into the role of solar radiation pressure modeling. GPS Solutions 25:1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01037-3
116 Ziebart M, Dare P (2001) Analytical solar radiation pressure modelling for GLONASS using a pixel array. Journal of Geodesy 75:587–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001900000136
117 Zhao Q, Guo J, Li M, Qu L, Hu Z, Shi C, Liu J (2013) Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system. Journal of Geodesy 87:475-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-013-0622-7
118 Zhao Q, Wang C, Guo J, Yang G, Liao M, Ma H, Liu J (2017) Enhanced orbit determination for BeiDou satellites with FengYun-3C onboard GNSS data. GPS Solutions 21:1179-1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-017-0604-y
119 Zhao Q, Wang C, Guo J, Bin W, Liu J (2018) Precise orbit and clock determination for BeiDou-3 experimental satellites with yaw attitude analysis. GPS Solutions 22:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-017-0673-y
120 Zhao X, Zhou S, Ci Y, Hu X, Cao J, Chang Z, Tang C, Guo D, Guo K, Liao M (2020) High-precision orbit determination for a LEO nanosatellite using BDS-3. GPS Solutions 24:102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01015-9
121 Zhang X, Zhou Y, Cong F, Ji J, Sun G (2020) Research of the dedicated platform for BeiDou-3 satellite directly into orbit. Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology 4(6):1-8
122 Zhang X, Wu M, Liu W, Li X, Yu S, Lu C, Wichert J (2017) Initial assessment of the COMPASS/BeiDou-3: new generation navigation signals. Journal of Geodesy 91:1225-1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1020-3
123 Zhou R, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Li P, Wang W, He C, Cai C, Pan Z (2018) Elevation-dependent pseudorange variation characteristics analysis for the new-generation BeiDou satellite navigation system. GPS Solutions 22:60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-018-0726-x
124 Zhou S, Hu X, Wu B, Liu L, Qu W, Guo R, He F, Cao Y, Wu X, Zhu L, Tan H (2011) Orbit determination and time synchronization for a GEO/IGSO satellite navigation constellation with regional tracking network. Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy 54:1089–1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4342-9
125 Zhou S, Hu X, Liu L, He F, Tang C, Pang J (2020) Status of satellite orbit determination and time synchronization technology for global navigation satellite system. Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 44(1):105-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2020.04.007
126 Zheng J (2020) Inter-satellite link and autonomous navigation of BDS. Presented at China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2020, Chengdu, 23 November 2020.
About the Author
Professor Zhao Qile
First author of this article
Wuhan University
▍About the Author
Zhao Qile, a professor at Wuhan University, currently focuses on the theory, methods and software systems of satellite precision orbit determination positioning and space-space integrated navigation enhancement. He has published more than 100 SCI index papers, obtained 7 national invention patents and 18 software copyrights. The relevant achievements have won the first prize and second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and the first prize of the Ministry of Education's Science and Technology Progress Award.
Jing Guo, Associate Professor
Corresponding author of this article
Jing Guo, Associate Professor, Research Center for Satellite Navigation and Positioning Technology, Wuhan University. He is mainly engaged in the theoretical, algorithm and software system research of Beidou/GNSS satellite precision orbit determination. He has published more than 40 papers and won many national, provincial and ministerial awards. Member of the International Satellite Navigation Service Organization (IGS) Real-time and Reference Framework Working Group, responsible for the IGS MGEX (WUM Product) and iGMAS Analysis Center of Wuhan University and the third GNSS historical data reprocessing of IGSS.
Preliminary: Duan Pengli
Review: Song Qifan
Final Judge: Jin Jun
Recommended in previous periods
information
○ The sixth phase of the MOOC Geographic Information System (GIS) Experiment course of Chinese universities is about to start!
○ Associate Researcher Ma Yingying of the State Key Laboratory of Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing used meteorological elements of remote sensing to help the Winter Olympics
○ Shandong Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd. 2022 Open Recruitment! Including surveying and mapping, geoscience, remote sensing related majors
○ Ministry of Natural Resources: These 11 navigation electronic map production Grade A surveying and mapping qualification units passed the review and renewal of certificates
meeting
○ Geoinformatics 2022 & CPGIS 30th Anniversary Annual Meeting (Notice 2)
○ Planning is tangible, wisdom is boundless: The Guodi Cloud Lecture Hall officially opened this Friday
○ Notice on the Convening of the 2022 Comprehensive Academic Annual Conference on Geodesy and Navigation (First Round)
○ CHINTERGEO China Surveying, Mapping Geographic Information Technology Equipment Exhibition will be held on March 2
Journal of Surveying and Mapping
○ Journal of Surveying and Mapping | Vanke Liu: OD/SINS adaptive combinatorial navigation method for incomplete constraints
○ Journal of Surveying and Mapping | Li Deren: On Geospatial Informatics in the Era of the Internet of Everything
○ Highly cited papers | Lan Zhaozhen: Deep learning algorithm for feature matching of heterogeneous remote sensing images
○ Highly cited papers | Zhang Yongjun: Generalized photogrammetry of multi-source remote sensing data in the sky and the ground
Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping
○ Prefecture-level real-life three-dimensional city construction and application
○ A new type of mapping for the digital transformation of Shanghai city
○ Land use analysis of Xiong'an New Area based on Sentinel-2 images
○ Catalogue of the Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, No. 12, 2021
Beijing Surveying and Mapping
○ Beijing Surveying and Mapping, No. 1, 2022 Abstract Recommendation
○ Beijing Surveying and Mapping, No. 12, 2021 Abstract Recommendation
○ Beijing Surveying and Mapping, No. 11, 2021 Abstract Recommendation
○ Beijing Surveying and Mapping, No. 10, 2021 Abstract Recommendation
Journal of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology
○ Abstract | abstract recommendation of Journal of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology, No. 2, 2021
○ Abstract | abstract recommendation of Journal of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology, No. 4, 2021
○ Abstract | abstract recommendation of Journal of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology, No. 5, 2021
○ Abstract | abstract recommendation of Journal of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology, No. 6, 2021
Journal of Geo-Information Science
○ Journal of Geo-Information Science, No. 1, 2022
○ Academician Gong Jianya: Research progress and prospect of global location information overlay protocol and location service network technology
○ Jiawen recommendation | Construction and simulation application of commuter traffic model for big data cities
○ Special Issue Call for Papers: Social Perception and Geographic Big Data Mining (in the call for papers)
Surveying and Mapping Engineering
○ Abstract | abstract recommendation of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, No. 5, 2021
○ Abstract | abstract recommendation of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, No. 4, 2021
○ Abstract | recommended by the abstract of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, No. 6, 2021
○ Jiawen recommendation | Application of monocular vision technology in indoor positioning
China Space Science and Technology
○ Overview of Phobos topographic geomorphological exploration
○ Abstract of China Space Science and Technology, No. 1, 2022
○ Abstract of China Space Science and Technology, No. 6, 2021
○ Recommended by the abstract of China Space Science and Technology, No. 5, 2021
Satellite Applications
○ Abstract of Satellite Applications, No. 12, 2021
○ Abstract of Satellite Applications, No. 11, 2021
○ Abstract of Satellite Applications, No. 10, 2021
○ Abstract | Abstract recommendation of Satellite Applications, No. 9, 2021
《Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science》
○ Journal of Surveying and Mapping (English Edition) Special Issue Call for Papers | Cartography and Geospatial Information Education: Theory and Practice
○ Journal of Surveying and Mapping (English Edition) Special Issue Call for Papers | Photogrammetry and computer vision for 3D geographic information
○ Kexian WANG et al. | Selected papers in the Journal of Surveying and Mapping (JGGS).
○ Huan XU et al. | Selected papers in the Journal of Surveying and Mapping (JGGS).
《Satellite Navigation》
Dr. Xu Yuan: Distributed Kalman filter | for UWB/INS combined pedestrian navigation under colored measurement noise SANA Gavin Express
Dr. Fei Yang: Construction and analysis of GNSS zenith tropospheric refinement model | SANA Gavin Express
○ Prof. Zheng Yao: Beidou PPP service signal modulation and multiplexing scheme design and quality evaluation | SANA Gavin Express
○ 2022 Essay | SatNav feature on "Ubiquitous Positioning, Indoor Navigation and Location-Based Services"
Remote Sensing of Natural Resources
○ "Remote Sensing of Natural Resources" entered the "Smart Painting Science Service" media platform!
○ "Remote Sensing of Natural Resources" Call for Papers: "Remote Sensing Monitoring of Spatial Resources and Ecological Health in coastal zones"
○ Abstract | Abstract recommendation of Natural Resources Remote Sensing, Issue 3, 2021
○ Abstract | Abstract recommendation of Remote Sensing of Natural Resources, No. 4, 2021
《Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis》
○ "Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis" entered the "Smart Painting Science Service" integrated media platform!
○ Abstract of JGSA International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2021
○ Highly cited papers recommended | Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis