The first thing to know is that the principle of liver disease patients - nutritional balance.
The Chinese medicine classic "Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic" said: "Five grains for nourishment, five fruits for help, five animals for benefit, five vegetables for filling, smell together to serve it, to supplement lean qi." ”
The "five grains" of "five grains for nourishment" refers to rice, grain, wheat, beans and other grains, mainly carbohydrates, which can nourish the qi of the five viscera;
"Five fruits for help" of "five fruits" is a general reference to dried fruits such as vegetable fruits, pears, bananas, peaches, etc., rich in vitamins and trace elements, which is conducive to promoting human digestion, regulating the acid-base balance in the body, and playing an auxiliary role;
The "five animals" of "five animals for the benefit" refers to pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, fish, etc., rich in fat, protein, inorganic salts, trace elements, vitamins, which can promote human growth and development and supplement the deficiency of plant protein.
The "five dishes" of "five dishes for filling" refers to leafy vegetables, rhizomes, nightshade fruits, fungi and other vegetables, containing a large number of vitamins and minerals, which is an important supplement to the scientific diet.
The so-called nutritional balance means that all kinds of foods such as grains, poultry meat, fruits and vegetables should be fully ingested, not picky, not partial to food, in order to achieve a balanced food nutrition.
The "Su Qing And Five Permanent Political Treatises" also records the balanced dietary model of "grain, flesh, fruits and vegetables, and eating and nourishing them all".
Grains have been discussed above, other such as poultry meat, fruits, dried fruits, vegetables, etc. to ensure the health of the human body also has an indispensable auxiliary and supplementary effect, grains and poultry meat fruits and vegetables are properly matched, can make the human body qi, blood, Jin, essence and other nutrients sufficient, yin and yang balance, good health.
So, how should food be paired to be comprehensive and balanced?
The mainland's 2016 dietary guidelines put forward 6 core recommendations for all healthy people over the age of 2: food is diverse, cereal-based; eating balance and healthy weight; eating more vegetables and fruits, milk, and soybeans; eating fish, poultry, eggs, and lean meat in moderation; less salt and less oil, controlling sugar and limiting alcohol; eliminating waste and rejuvenating new foods.
So how do liver disease patients match it?
Six guidelines for the supply of nutrition for patients with liver disease
■Fat
Some patients start eating only vegetables and fruits after being diagnosed with fatty liver, which is a big misunderstanding. In fact, whether there is a fatty liver or not, fat is an indispensable nutrient for the liver, without it, the liver can not work properly. Even if you have fatty liver, you don't have to say goodbye to meat completely. To nourish the liver and protect the liver, the proportion of fat and protein in the food eaten every day is preferably 20% respectively, and the remaining 60% is carbohydrates. The liver needs fat, but it doesn't mean that it needs too much fat, so low-fat foods such as lean meat, low-fat milk, and shrimp are preferred.
■Protein
Eggs, tofu, milk, fish, chicken, sesame seeds, pine nuts and other "high-protein, low-calorie" foods are the liver's favorite. The rich protein in these foods is like the "maintenance worker" of the liver, which can play a role in repairing liver cells and promoting liver cell regeneration. Normal people should consume more than 90 grams of high-quality protein per day, for people whose liver function is impaired and weakened, eating more high-protein foods is more conducive to liver health restoration and prevents it from being further damaged. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver should not be less than 100 grams.
■Sugar
Glucose can provide about 70% of the energy the body needs, and if a person is in a state of lack of energy for a long time, it will affect liver function.
Sugar can also synthesize a substance called liver glycogen, which is stored in the liver and can prevent damage to liver cells caused by ingestion of toxins in the body. With the exception of diabetics, the average person can calculate how much sugar they should eat per day by weight. 1 gram of sugar per kilogram of body weight, 60 kilograms of adults should not consume more than 60 grams of sugar per day.
According to such standards, not only will it not reduce life expectancy, but it will also be beneficial to health. In general, the main sources of sugar are rice, pasta, sugar, honey, juice, fruit and so on. A large spoonful of jam contains about 15 grams of sugar, 1 can of cola contains about 37 grams of sugar, 3 small pieces of chocolate contains about 9 grams of sugar, and 1 egg roll ice cream contains about 10 grams of sugar.
Avoid large amounts of sugar: Many patients with liver disease believe that eating a lot of sugar is beneficial for the recovery of hepatitis treatment. In fact, excessive sugar is harmful to patients with liver disease. Sweet food can add a certain amount of calories to hepatitis patients, easy to absorb, is conducive to the recovery of hepatitis, in the acute stage of hepatitis, appetite is reduced, eating sweets is good. However, excessive consumption of sweets exceeds the ability of liver metabolism, but increases the burden on the liver and causes hepatic diabetes. Because sugar can only meet the needs of the body's heat energy, it cannot replace nutrients such as protein and vitamins. Eating too much sugar also stimulates the intestinal mucosa, which in turn hinders the absorption and utilization of other nutrients.
■Vitamin A
Studies have shown that vitamin A protects the liver, preventing and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in the liver. It restores normal tissue function and helps chemotherapy patients reduce the rate of cancer recurrence. The daily intake of vitamin A required by the human body is 800 micrograms for men and 750 micrograms for women, and it should not exceed 3,000 micrograms to avoid damaging the liver. Eat one carrot, 65 grams of chicken liver, 200 grams of canned tuna or a glass of milk every day. Tomatoes, carrots, spinach, animal liver, cod liver oil and dairy products all contain high amounts of vitamin A.
■B vitamins
B vitamins are like the "oil depot" in the body, it can accelerate the metabolism of substances, so that they are converted into energy, not only can "refuel" the liver, but also repair liver function, prevent liver steatosis, and then play a role in preventing fatty liver. People who love to drink alcohol should especially add more, because studies have shown that B vitamins can enhance the liver's tolerance to alcohol, thereby playing a role in protecting the liver. Because B vitamins can dissolve in water and remain in the body for only a few hours, they must be replenished daily. People who already have liver disease should consume between 10 and 30 mg per day, and the maximum should not exceed 30 mg. Pork, soybeans, rice, shiitake mushrooms and other foods are rich in B vitamins.
■Vitamin E
Vitamin E can play a role in preventing the aging of liver tissue and can also treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Malt, soybeans, vegetable oils, nuts, and leafy greens are all rich in vitamin E. Healthy people can consume 12 mg of vitamin E per day, which is equivalent to 2 tablespoons of sunflower oil, almonds, walnuts, peanuts and other tree nuts for a total of 30 to 50 grams. If you have liver disease, you need to supplement with at least 100 mg of vitamin E per day to meet your liver needs.