With the determination of the gold medals of the Winter Olympic Games,
Sports-related topics
Again and again, there was a wave of discussion.
In the northeast corner of Shanghai, there is the shanghai institute of sport founded in 1952, the earliest sports institution of higher learning in the founding of New China.
If you enter the sports campus from the Changhai Road Gate, you will find a magnificent "palace" in the shade of green trees.
It is a stable and elegant peak on both sides of the roof with a temple roof, the roof is covered with dark green glazed tile roof, inlaid with golden roof ridges, cornices and arches, carved beams and painted beams, xuanlan partition windows, from a distance you can appreciate the wonders of ancient Chinese architecture.
The Museum of Physical Education, which has recently opened to the public, is located on the fourth floor of the "Palace".
Physical Education Museum on the fourth floor
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witness
A modern design that revives tradition
Built in 1933, the 89-year-old historic building is affectionately known as the "Green Tile Building", and at the age of 89, it witnessed the "Greater Shanghai Project" in which the people wanted to compete with the Anglo-French forces in the city in the 1920s and 1930s. The Green Tile Building is an important building that was first started in the "Greater Shanghai Plan".
According to reports, in the archives of the Shanghai Institute of Sport, there is still a yellowed archive of architectural drawings. It is the original architectural drawing of the Green Tile Building and the only architectural drawing of the building in Shanghai.
The whole plan was presided over by Dong Dayou, a designer who graduated from Tsinghua University and returned from studying in the United States.
In terms of design, the green tile building "takes the inherent form of China, participates in the needs of the new era, and attaches equal importance to practicality and beauty" as the principle, the appearance is based on Chinese Qing Dynasty architecture, and the architectural shape adopts "painted cornice beam and pillar style", which is rich in ink and color and rich in the luxurious atmosphere of ancient Chinese palace architecture;
In terms of internal functions, modern hydropower equipment is adopted, elevators, heating, health, etc. are readily available; the building as a whole uses reinforced concrete structures, and its bucket arches, flying poles, finches and other components are made of concrete.
This traditional revival of the design form organically combines the national style with the modern structure, the external form and the internal function, which is the first to create a trend for the development of Chinese national architecture, and it is also a great attempt in art.
According to records, in 1933, when the building was completed, the Chinese people were excited. More than 10,000 people gathered in the square in front of the building, and nine planes flew overhead, which was unprecedented.
In April 1935, 54 couples, dressed in uniformly designed wedding dresses, stood under the steps of the building and held the first "group wedding", and the new clothes of the newlyweds were smiling brightly, which reflected the new building.
"Group Wedding" in front of the Green Tile Building in 1935
The three major film companies of Paramount, MGM and Fox in the United States also all came to the scene to shoot, so that more people can see this new wedding with Chinese characteristics that is rare in the world.
track down
A palace lamp that travels through time
Several raised "faucets" outside the building are connected to the boiler room pipes, and in the past, every time the boiler room boiled water, white smoke would be spat out from the mouth of the dragon, and the dragon seemed to really soar through the clouds, like a myth.
Today, we walk up the steps next to the Dan Majesty relief "Sunrise Pattern of the Sea and Clouds", and suddenly, a sense of solemnity arises.
The green tile building is 31 meters high, has a total of four floors, covers an area of 6,000 square meters, and has a total construction area of nearly 9,000 square meters.
According to Huang Yong, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Shanghai University of Sport, at the beginning of the establishment of the school in the 1950s, there was no special training venue, "The Green Tile Building was once the largest building in the sports institute, and the teaching of many sports projects was carried out in the building, which was the main office teaching and training place for teachers and students." ”
Push open the steel imitation wood vermilion lacquer gate is the auditorium, look around, into the eyes is the group of flowers painted, majestic, hanging a few palace lamps to lightly sprinkle the pale golden brilliance throughout the hall, 600 square meters of hall not only does not have a column, even the ground is all made of terrazzo technology.
In the midst of today's overwhelming blooms, the green tile building was bombed and occupied, and the stone sculptures on the east lintel were cut down and transported to Japan, becoming a cornerstone of a so-called "peace tower" in Miyazaki Prefecture...
A building after being devastated by war
After the end of the war, the Jiangwan area is no longer prosperous, and the green tile building is like an old dream that has been shelved, full of desolation and loneliness.
Huang Yong told reporters that in fact, the place where the palace lamp hanging in front of us now is hung before the latest repair, it is a white Western-style chandelier that is not exquisite at all.
Fortunately, during the renovation, it was found that a magazine in the 1930s had a very detailed report on the completion of the building, and the photos and texts were readily available, and the traces of the palace lamp style were found through the blurry images of more than 80 years ago, and then little by little, they were reproduced by modern craftsmen.
"The archives are so well preserved that even some of the technical indicators of the building's construction were accidentally obtained in this report."
rehabilitation
A touch of kiln fire refining green
The most recent renovation of the Green Tile Building began in 2016, when the Green Tile Building, which had gone through vicissitudes, was already "injured" and needed to be thoroughly "treated".
This "treatment" lasted for four years from data collection, material development, and late construction, until it was officially completed in 2019.
Chen Zhongwei, chief designer of Shanghai Building Decoration Co., Ltd., who is responsible for repairs, told reporters that the most difficult place to repair the green tile building is precisely the "green tile".
"At the beginning of the repair, the green glazed tiles of the roof were overgrown with weeds in addition to the broken. Over the decades, the building has undergone several major overhauls, and the roof tiles have inevitably been replaced. Because of the limitations of the process means at that time, the new and old green tiles formed a color difference, and the green was uneven. ”
In order to "green" the green tiles, Chen Zhongwei led the team to Yixing, Jiangsu Province, and repeatedly mixed and fired until the kiln fire refined the original green, which was worthy of the ingenuity of the architect more than eighty years ago.
In addition to the green tiles, the painting with high color saturation is also the focus and difficulty of the green tile building repair project.
Since the surviving historical photographs are all black and white photographs, the restoration of the façade painting of the building can only be analyzed according to the shade of its gray level and the color of the opposite paint, and in addition, the painting of the façade has been repaired many times in several major repairs in history, so it has changed greatly.
"After comparison, the overall façade of the building is painted with a seal and the head position is decorated with curly grass; some are painted with fangxin, and according to historical photos, it is speculated that the original form is Tuanhua Dragon Grass, while the current situation is xipan lotus curly grass ornament." Chen Zhongwei said.
During the renovation process, Chen Zhongwei found that the changes in the interior decoration also lie in the painting and lamp decoration.
The internal painting is mainly divided into five systems, the first floor is painted with bats and seals, the ceiling is painted with the word "Shou", the second floor is painted with tornado grass and seal according to historical photos, the ceiling may be painted with begonias, the ceiling painting on the original conference room on the third floor is painted with cranes, and the rooms on the east and west sides of the second floor are painted with begonia flowers.
"In accordance with the principle of minimal intervention in the repair of cultural relics buildings, the interior paintings are preserved in their original state and a small area is stripped away. Some are changed to smallpox and are reduced to smallpox. The ceiling style of the auditorium can only be consulted in the book "Chinese Ming and Qing Dynasty Official-style Painting Practices". The traditional painted ceiling of the great hall has been covered with white ash water and later paintings, and after the on-site staff gently erased the local white ash water, they found that the original paint still retained underneath. ”
In the office corridor outside the auditorium, Huang Yong pointed to several slightly mottled ceiling paintings and told reporters that these pieces of original painted drawings that were accidentally sealed into the ceiling were just because they were sealed and escaped previous overhauls, fortunately retaining the original appearance of the paintings, providing a primitive basis for recent repairs.
"What is valuable is that the skills of more than 80 years ago are still passed down in an orderly manner."
Journalist's Note
Living history
The Green Tile Building is nearly ninety years old, and in recent years, some major celebrations of the Shanghai University of Sport have been held in the Green Tile Building, graduation ceremony, opening ceremony, welcome party, new student art performance... The important moments in the lives of generations of students have occurred in the warm halo of palace lights, and generations have gone from here to the world.
Former women's volleyball coach Chen Zhonghe, Olympic boxing champion Zou Shiming, table tennis world champion Ding Ning, synchronized swimming world champion huang Xuechen / Sun Wenyan in Huang Xuechen and so on. They have stood on the podium of the world champion and tasted the gold medal, and they have also looked up at the auspicious clouds painted by the craftsmen on the top under the eaves of the green tiles.
The green tile building is a living history, is the spiritual home of sports people, and it silently witnesses the decline and prosperity of Chinese sports.
The data in the Green Tile Building records the decline and prosperity of Chinese sports
If the lights of the Olympic Games shine higher, faster and stronger, then every photo and every text in the green tile building is telling the comers that the hard work of generations in sports shows a way to explore the world - love, practice, bravely move forward, and never accept defeat.
New Performing Arts Studio
Author: Xu Yisheng
Editor: Wu Xuying
Photo: Photo by Wang Kai, part of the data map
Video: Produced by Xinmin Evening News "Shanghai Moment"
Xinmin Evening News Cultural Department