Zhongyang paper cut
Zhongyang folk paper-cutting has a long history, in 2006 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects, in 2009 as an important part of China's paper-cutting, Zhongyang paper-cutting was included in the UNESCO List of World Intangible Cultural Heritage Projects.
Zhongyang folk paper-cutting embodies the ancient style of art in the Qin and Han dynasties in terms of shape, retains the rough characteristics of original art, and has a fairly rich cultural connotation. From its content, it can be roughly divided into three categories, one is the characters, animals, plants, and artifacts that reflect the childish concepts and beliefs of the ancients preserved in the Zhongyang area. The second is to reflect the local peasants' production and living customs, different seasons and life etiquette activities. The third is the myths and legends that reflect the simple moral concepts and pure life interests of the working people. Each Zhongyang folk paper cut is engraved with the footprints of the historical development of the Chinese nation.
From the Zhongyang folk paper-cutting, we can see the ancient folk customs and cultural traditions of the Loess Plateau. Through the Zhongyang paper-cutting rooted in the folk, we can see the simple philosophical concept of our ancestors on the relationship between heaven, earth, people and things, and the unique regional folk culture characteristics it reflects cannot be replaced by other regions, not only the connotation, but also the artistic temperament and style.
Wen Shui burns gourds
Gourd is one of the most primitive mascots of the Chinese nation, gourd harmonic pronunciation "Fulu", folk customs believe that gourds can avoid evil and symbolize auspiciousness, the gourd painted with auspicious patterns hangs on the church, so that the sneaky surrender, exorcism. The branches of the gourd "vine" and the harmonic sound, each mature gourd in the gourd seeds are numerous, the Han people think of "descendants of thousands of generations, lush and auspicious".
The gourd itself has different shapes and beautiful shapes, and does not need to be artificially carved to give people a sense of joy and peace, and the ancients believed that it can drive away disasters and evil spirits, pray for happiness, and make future generations prosperous. In appearance, the sub-waist gourd is composed of two spheres, symbolizing harmony and happiness, implying mutual respect and love between husband and wife. For thousands of years, the gourd, as a mascot and ornament, has been loved and treasured by people.
Branding gourd art, also known as hot painting, fire brush painting, is a kind of Traditional Arts and Crafts of Han Nationality, Branding Gourd Artist uses soldering iron to iron out the burning marks on the object to paint, and the gourd can be permanently preserved and collected, and the artistic value is extremely high. Branding has a long history and a unique artistic style. Legend has it that it originated in the Han Dynasty, but after it was lost, the Qing Dynasty rose again. While grasping the heat and strength, the creation of brand painting pays attention to "the intention is to write first, and the pen is formed". Branding painting not only has the techniques of Chinese painting such as hooking, leping, dotting, dyeing, rubbing, white painting, etc., but also irons out rich layers and tones, with a strong sense of three-dimensionality, similar to brown sketches and lithographs, so branding painting can not only maintain the national style of traditional Han painting, but also achieve the rigorous realistic effect of Western painting. It can also be customized as its own unique picture or portrait, so that it has a unique artistic charm, so as to give people a simple and elegant artistic enjoyment with endless aftertaste.
The birthplace of the painting gourd craft is located in WuCun, Nanzhuang Town, Wenshui County, Wenshui is the hometown of Empress Wu Zetian, located in the hinterland of the Three Jins, ranked in the Yellow River Basin, with superior natural conditions, fertile land, beautiful water, convenient transportation, since ancient Yi Nong, Yi Lin, Yi Mu, has always been an agricultural rich. Wenshui painting gourd is a folk craft with local characteristics and cultural taste created in this environment, in long-term production and life, under specific historical conditions.
Wenshui hot painting gourd adopts needle carving, branding, painting, hollowing, relief, light pushing paint, carving and other craft techniques, and shows the auspicious art patterns such as eight immortals, bodhisattvas, eight juns, five bulls, and landscape scenery that are popular among the people.
In 2021, it was included in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.
Linxian big sigh
Linxian Da Shu Na Blowing and Percussion (referred to as Da Shu Na), with rough, bold, pleasant and thick artistic characteristics, is an ancient and unique folk music, is a group of instrumental music loved by the local people.
The instruments include big sighs, big drums, hard reams, gongs, trumpets, cloud gongs, and hand-helds, which can not only express rough, bold, high-pitched, and exciting momentum, but also portray beautiful and bright, euphemistic and delicate emotions. The wind tunes of Linxian DaXiao are rich, and each capital has distinct characteristics and fixed uses. For example, at the wedding, "Fan Tune The Little Door", when marrying the bride, use "Fan Transfers Out the Strands", and when marrying back, use "Victory Back to camp" and so on. At funerals, the monastic sacrifice uses the "Ben Tune Flower Road Rules", and when returning, the "Ben Tune Out Stock Rules" is used. When singing, use "Out of the Right Rules", "Liu Qingniang" and so on. The occasions are different, and the modes used are also different, the morning tone, the noon tone, and the evening tone. Due to the change of mode, the emotion and effect of the performance are completely different. In terms of performance characteristics, there are mainly techniques such as "cheek tremor", "air coaxing" and "dead song and live blowing". In addition, there is also the application of the traditional drum beats in percussion, "Hezhuze" and "Small Victory", which makes Linxian DaXiao more unique artistic charm.
Linxian Daqi has a long history and has long been integrated with local folklore, with significant local characteristics.
In 2006, the People's Government of Shanxi Province announced it as the "first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage protection projects".
In 2014, the State Council announced it as a "National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Project".
At present, there are 2 provincial-level inheritors and 1 municipal-level inheritor.
Lan County face plastic
Lanxian face sculpture is an ancient folk art expression in which the people of Lanxian County pray for blessings and good deeds in festivals and weddings and funerals, and express their feelings, which has high cultural and artistic value and has been successfully selected into the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.
Lancheng Offering Association is a folk cultural activity of local people to commemorate the ancestors and pursue truth, goodness and beauty with face sculpture as a means of expression, and is a provincial intangible cultural heritage protection project. In order to further inherit and protect these two unique folk activities and artistic treasures in northwest Jin, the face sculpture art has been transformed into industrialization, and the Lanxian Face Sculpture Culture and Art Festival is held every year on the 19th of February in the lunar calendar in the inner village of Lancheng Town.
Jiaocheng Beach sheepskin tanning technique
"Jiaochengtan sheepskin" refers to a unique tanning process used in Jiaocheng County when processing and tanning precious fur varieties, which is made from the "tan sheep" raw skin of the Gobi Desert in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Qinghai region of the mainland. Jiaocheng "Beach Sheepskin" has fine and gentle fur, jade white as snow, hair spikes nine bends, such as water ripples exquisite, is the production of winter clothes, blankets, shawls, bibs, sweaters of high-grade raw materials. Jiaochengtan sheepskin tanning process originated in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, after more than 400 years without changing quality. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, with its excellent quality and unique style, it prevailed in the European and American markets, and was known as a Chinese stunt. In 2007, jiaochengtan sheepskin tanning technique was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage.
Tan sheep is one of the excellent sheep breeds in mainland China, which belongs to the sheep tail fat and coarse hair type. Fur is a sheep breed that is unique among the world's furs. There are two hairs, sand hair, the hair color is pure white, pure black, light brown, miscellaneous hairs, mostly pure white. Usually, "two furs" are used. Two furs are made of beach lamb skin of about a month, refined using chemical agents and advanced processes. The hair is fine and gentle, white as snow, luster like jade, the hair spike is naturally curved, and some have as many as nine ways, so it is called "nine bends". If you shake it gently, it is like a flower spike in the wind, and it is like a ripple of water. Winter clothes for men and women made of two furs are both gentle and warm, beautiful and generous, with a good decorative effect. The flat wool fiber is slender and uniform, the fluff is soft and fluffy, and it is also a high-grade raw material for making blankets, shawls and necks, sweaters and so on. Cashmere clothing and jacquard blankets produced in Ningxia are famous in the world for their excellent quality and unique style.
Black skin, also known as purple lamb skin, is expensive because it is small and expensive. The white skin is white in color, lustrous as jade, and the leather plate is as thin as thick paper, but the texture is tough, soft and even. The hair spike shows a unique wavy bend, like the ripples of the flat lake, light and soft, beautiful and generous, excellent thermal insulation, and is the best among all kinds of fur, and has long been a traditional brand-name export commodity.
Jiaochengtan sheepskin tanning is the use of tannin to chemically and physically process the proteins in the skin. It through a series of processes, and the use of some chemical agents, so that cattle, pigs, sheep and other animals in the raw skin of a series of changes in the protein, so that collagen denaturation. The tanned leather is soft, firm and wear-resistant, not easy to spoil, so the tanned leather can be used to make a variety of leather daily necessities.
Jiaochengtan sheepskin processing technology is complex, to go through washing, soaking, drying, shoveling, nails, tanning, hanging, pressing, cutting, sewing and other 20 processes, plus yellow paste, leather salt, soap horn and other accessories, completely rely on manual operation.
Source: Lvliang Daily