Hestia (Ancient Greek: Εστία, Latin: Hestia):
Hestia illustration in the Dictionary of Antiquities (Oskar Sift, 1894).
The god of Vesta in Greek mythology, the protector of the family home, one of the twelve gods of Greek mythology, the eldest daughter of Kronos and Rhea. It was an ancient god of the earlier generation, originally one of the twelve gods of Olympus, but in order to avoid the gods competing for the throne, he voluntarily withdrew from the ranks of the twelve gods and ceded the throne to Dionysus.
In ancient Greece, not only was she enshrined in every family, but even in the council chambers of some city-states. She was a virgin of chastity, and had sworn to remain chaste for the rest of her life by virtue of Zeus's hair, thus rejecting Poseidon and Apollo's marriage proposal.
In Roman mythology, she is confused with Vista. In ancient Rome, there was the Festival of Vesta, and there was also the altar of Vesta, which enshrined the sacred fire of Changming. The flame was maintained by six priestesses, known as the Vista Virgins, who had to maintain their virginity for thirty years or be punished for being buried alive.
Demeter (Ancient Greek: Δημήτηρ, Latin: Demeter):
The statue of Demeter in the Vatican Museums is similar to Hera.com
The goddess of agriculture in Greek mythology, the daughter of Kronos and Rhea. At first she was in charge of only the fertility of the land, but later became the protector of agriculture and the protector of the family, marriage, and legislation, and she and Zeus gave birth to Persephone.
While collecting flowers in the Valley of Netha, the beautiful Persephone was abducted to the underworld by Hades, the king of Hades, who fell in love with her, and became the queen of the underworld. Demeter lost her beloved daughter in grief and searched everywhere. She finally learns the whereabouts of her daughter from the sun god, and learns that Hades had stolen Persephone with Zeus's consent. In a fit of rage, she left Mount Olympus and ceased to manage the farm, so the earth was barren, there was a famine on earth, and the gods could not enjoy sacrifice.
Demeter mourning Persephone - By Evelyn de Morgan (1906)
Thus, Zeus had to have Hades put back persephone. Before returning to Persephone, Hades asked her to eat a pomegranate seed from the underworld so that she could not leave the underworld completely. She spends two-thirds of her time with Demeter each year and one-third of her time living in the Underworld. Demeter was in a good mood with his daughter, managing the farm, and the earth was full of life. When her daughter left her, she was sad and ignored the farming, and the earth withered and the crops did not grow. This is how the ancient Greeks explained the changes of the seasons throughout the year.
According to another myth, Demeter left Mount Olympus to Erissies, disguised herself as an old woman, and was hired by King Kerrys to look after his son, Triptolemus. Demeter wanted the prince to live forever, so he exercised him with fire every night. One night, the prince's mother, Metanella, cried out loudly when she saw her son wrapped in flames. Demeter had to explain his identity to Metanera and Kerrys and leave them. Before leaving, she taught Triptolemus to farm and asked him to spread the technique of dowry to the world. There is also a myth that Demeter himself spread agricultural techniques to the world.
There are also myths that Meteel was the wife of Poseidon, the god of the sea. Homer's epic poems and genealogies say that she united with Iassion and gave birth to Plutos, the god of wealth. In many parts of ancient Greece there were festivals commemorating Demeter and Persephone, and Eresis most worshipped Demeter. It is said that The Prince of Eresis, Triptolemus, later became king, and he established his faith in Demeter and personally served as a priest to her temple.
In addition to overseeing the fertility of grain and the earth, Demeter was revered as the goddess of legislation or the goddess of justice, and her name was Thermofora, because the people depended on food, agriculture was the foundation of the people's life and prosperity; sometimes she was also the protector of marriage and family, and her image and function were very similar to Hera's. The worship of her is usually closely linked to the worship of Persephone. The center of worship of Demeter was in Eleusis, where the secret ceremony of Eleusis was held. Festivals commemorating her are held all over Greece, and ancient people believed that the earth was the source of life and the mother of all things. Sacrifices to Demeter were bulls, cows, pigs, fruits, hives, fruit trees, ears of rice, and chestnuts.
In Roman mythology, Demeter was mixed with Celestia and was popular among peasants, and festivals of sacrifice were usually held in April. Later, Kerrys mixed with Gaia, Rhea, or Kübler.
Poseidon (Ancient Greek: Δημήτηρ, Latin: Demeter):
Poseidon sculpture in Copenhagen
The greek god of the sea, the god of earthquakes, and the son of Kronos and Rhea.
Together with Zeus, he overthrew the rule of their father, Kronos, and then he was in charge of the oceans. His weapon is a three-stranded fork, which he can use to split the sea and set off wild waves, and he can also use the three-stranded fork to shake the earth. He resided in a golden palace under the Aegean Sea, but was also frequently seen on Mount Olympus.
The fountain of the Poseidon statue
He conspired with Hera and Athena to overthrow Zeus, and failed to punish him and the sun god Apollo for building the walls of Troia. King Raomedon of Troia refused to pay the honorarium, and Poseidon sent a sea monster to Troya to kill him. The sea monster was later killed by Hercules Hercules.
Poseidon also fought with Athena, the goddess of wisdom, for protection of the city of Athens in order to take control of the wealthy city. Poseidon struck the surface of the sea, and a horse leaped out of the sea; Athena stuck her spear into the ground, and an olive tree grew on the ground. Horses are the driving force of chariots and symbolize war, while olive trees are symbols of peace and have considerable agricultural value. Zeus presided over the voting of the gods of Olympus, and Athena won by a majority.
Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sunion in the Attica Peninsula, Greece
In Roman mythology, he was conflated with Neptunus.
Hades (Ancient Greek: ᾍδης[3], Latin: Hades) is also translated as Hades, Hades, Hades, Hades, Hades, Haitians, etc.:
Hades and Kerberos
The Pluto king of Greek mythology, also known as Pluto, Aides, the son of Kronos and Rhea. Together with Zeus, he overthrew the rule of their father Kronos, and then he took charge of the underworld.
He is only the Lord of the Underworld, not the Devil. Because of the ancient Greek religion of not having the idea of punishment after death, the underworld was only the home of the dead. Therefore, although the mythological image of Hades is cold, it does not have the evil god color of most religious myths, and it is a typical Olympus handsome man. The idea of punishment arose later.
In the huge palace of Hades there were three judges, Minos, Radamandis, and Ayagos, each of whom was responsible for judging the thoughts, speeches, and deeds of the soul. There is also the goddess of justice, Simis, who wields a sword and weighs good and evil for each soul, and if the soul is more good than evil, she enters paradise, and vice versa, she goes to hell.
There is a gate between hell and yang, which is the "gate of hell." The gate is located near Cape Tenas and is guarded by a three-headed hellhound named Kerberos, and once anyone enters the gate of hell, he can never return to the sun.
There is a long road from the gates of hell to the bottom of hell, there are often illusory ghosts on the road, and there are many rivers in hell, one of which is called the Cocutes River, which is formed by the tears of the bad guys who are serving hard labor in hell, so there are often terrible wailing cries on it, because the name of the river itself means "crying in the distance". Another called the Agron River is what those who go to trial must pass, the water of this river is black, the water is turbulent, no one can swim over it, a boatman named Charon ferries here, only by taking his boat can cross the river, but he will ask for a dollar for the boat fee, otherwise refuse to load, if those who are waiting for the trial have no money, then they must wait for a year, then Charon will be free to pick up the ferry, so the Greeks will usually put a dollar in the mouth of the deceased.
Hades lived underground and was the ruler of underground wealth. "Pulutong" means "rich".
Among the myths about Hades, the story of him robbing Persephone of his wife is the most popular. He forcibly abducted Persephone back to the underworld in Sicily, and later Zeus asked Hades to hand over Persephone, and then ordered Persephone to eat the food of the underworld, the pomegranate fruit, so that she had to stay with Hades for four months of the year, so that there would be four seasons.
The Return of Persephone ( Frederick Layton ( 1891 )
Hades is also the name of the hades in Greek mythology, sometimes referring to Tartaros (or Orcus in Roman mythology). According to the oldest myths, it is located in the west, on the other side of Yinghai Okanos, where ghosts live, and Tartaros is used to imprison the overthrown Titan, guarded by a hundred-armed giant. Youkai such as Hecate and Erinis also live here. According to the most popular myth, Hermes sent ghosts to the banks of styx through the entrances of Laconia and other places, Charon crossed them by boat, and the three-headed dog Kilberos guarded the entrance, unobeyed the ghosts entering, but did not allow anyone to come out.
In Homer's epic, he personally guards the underworld, and Hercules wants to enter the underworld, but he stands at the entrance to block it, is injured by Hercules, and has to go to Olympus to heal. In Rome, he was mixed with Orcus, the god of death in ancient Italy, and Dees, the god of hades. In the artwork, he is depicted as a strong adult man sitting on a throne, holding two forks or scepters, with the three-headed dog Kerberos lying at his feet, sometimes standing next to Persephone.
Other articles in this series include:
From Hesiod's long poem "Genealogy of the Gods", we can see the origin of the gods in Greek mythology
The Greek mythological gods of the Genealogy of the Gods - Zeus and Hera
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