The tombs of Li Du and Song Jiajin of the Tang Dynasty in the western suburbs of Changzhi City
Cultural Relics, No. 06, 1989, Changzhi City Museum
In May 1987, two ancient tombs were found in the western suburbs of Changzhi, Shanxi, and our museum excavated and cleaned them up after hearing the news. Both tombs are Tang tombs, the owner of which is Li Du and Song Jiajin. The clean-up is presented below.
1. Tomb of Li Du
The tomb is buried in the Jianhua Community on the western outskirts of Changzhi, about 1 km east of Changzhi City. The tomb is a domed brick chamber tomb, with a direction of 205 degrees, consisting of a tomb passage, a tomb door, and a burial chamber. The cemetery is not cleared. The tomb door is in the south of the burial chamber, the top of the ticket, the depth is 1.06, the width is 0.86、,,.rl.74 meters. The burial chamber is rounded square, the four walls are convex, 3.9 meters long from north to south, 4.12 long from east to west, and 3 meters high. The top of the tomb is 1.5 meters from the surface. The tomb wall is made of 34.5 long, 16.5 cm wide and 5.5 cm thick strips of bricks three flat and one vertical masonry into four groups, and the upper tomb roof is changed to staggered flat masonry, and the dome is harvested layer by layer. The floor of the interior is tiled with strips of bricks one horizontally and one vertically (Fig. 1).
On the north side of the burial chamber, there is an east-west trapezoidal coffin platform, which is 2.4 meters long, 1.04 to 1.4 wide, and 0.3 meters high. According to the remaining traces and coffin nails, it can be known that the original coffin has decayed. There are two corpses on the coffin bed, the head is on the east and west side of the straight limbs, the north and south are side by side, the south side is female, the north side is male, and the tomb owner and wife are. Due to the accumulation of silt in the tomb due to the water inlet, the location of the burial items has been chaotic. Most of the large and small copper nail hats on the coffin were scattered in the silt, the copper bowls floated in muddy water, and all kinds of clay figurines buried with them were soaked into mud blocks, and they could not distinguish their shapes. Only the 5 pieces of porcelain jars around the epitaph, the three-colored duck pot figurine placed under the east wall, and the copper spoon, copper chopsticks, and bone gui plate remain in place.
The burial items excavated from the tomb are:
Sancai hugging duck pot figurine 1 piece. It is shaped like a girl sitting on a corset pier with a duck-shaped pot in her arms. The girl's face is plump, braided back, wearing a short-sleeved shirt inside, wearing a half-arm skirt on the outside, a belt at the waist; the right leg is bent, and the left leg is drooping. The duck-shaped pot is realistic. The duck's beak opens wide upwards to hold the spout. The white porcelain clay tire texture is relatively hard. The girl's head is a plain fetus, and the body and the duck-shaped pot have vermilion, ochre, pale yellow, light green glaze, and the color is bright and lustrous. Height 34 cm (color insert one; plate: 1).
Celadon jars of 5 pieces, the same shape. Small mouth, short neck, round shoulders, solitary abdomen, flat bottom. The lid is rounded and has a jewel-shaped button. The glaze is smooth and the glaze is cyan and yellowish. Height 30, base diameter 12.3 cm (Plate: 2).
1 piece of copper bowl. Mouth, round belly, round bottom. Caliber 11.2, height 12.5 cm (fig 2).
Copper nail cap 48 pieces. Of these, 25 are large, with a diameter of 6.3 and a height of 2.5 cm. Small 23 pieces, diameter 2.7, height 1 cm (fig 3)
Copper shop first 2 pieces. All are animal faces, mouth street copper rings. Diameter 5.5 cm (fig. 4).
2 copper spoons, 1 piece each. The spoon is oval in shape, the spoon handle is flattened like a willow leaf, and the wings are upwards. The length of the spoon is 27 cm, the maximum diameter of the spoon is 7.2 cm, and the length of the small spoon is 19.5, and the maximum diameter of the spoon is 6 shi meters (Picture 5: upper, upper middle).
1 pair of copper chopsticks. Length 21, diameter 0.35 cm (fig 5: middle and lower)
1 piece of copper noodles. The two strands are different, 14.5 cm long (Fig. 5: bottom).
1 piece of iron hanging nails. Rusted, length 18 cm.
1 piece of bone gui plate. Long strips, 31 long, 4.5 cm wide and 0.7 cm thick (Fig. 6).
Epitaph 1. Placed in the middle of the burial chamber. The length of the epitaph cover is 74, the length of the epitaph is 64, and the height of the epitaph is 26.5 cm. Zhi gai prison roof, in the middle of which is carved a beast face, around the yin engraved "Tang Dynasty Li Jun G Zhi Zhi Zhi" eight characters, around the engraved zodiac signs and flowers, 'animal patterns, four brakes tangled branches peony pattern (Figure 7). Zhishi has a shallow carved boundary grid, Zhiwen 24 lines, full line 25 Yu, a total of 555 Yu, yu body is Xingshu (Figure 8). The excerpt reads below:
"The Tang Dynasty Li FuJun Zhi Ming and The Preface To the Emperor Zhendu, the character Rencai, the Zhao County people also." Because of his inferiority as an official, his ancestors were the best of the party. Great-grandfather... Obey, idle and happy, nourish the piano book. ...... Zu Zhengyuan ,...... It is actually a keqin ke effect, and the auxiliary saint is the first to open the foundation; Thus he had only children and grandchildren, and began to work after his death. ...... Junshang Pillar Garden, Tang Zhi v. Lieutenant Chongfu. Ambitions cross the clouds, male rules cover the generation. Thistle Gate Yu Shui, frequent sweat horse labor; The right side of the sea, Liaoyang, has repeatedly belonged to the array of chickens. I hope to lose sincerity in serving the country, and I do not hope to reward micro-merit. ...... Jing Long died in a private court on May 20, 44, and was buried in the Erli Plain southwest of Zhoucheng on the 13th day of the 13th day of The Thirteenth Day of The Year of Jing Yun' Reign, Li Ye. ...... Mrs. Shen Tushi, Lucheng people also. ......
Second, Song Jia entered the tomb
The tomb is buried in Haojiazhuang on the western outskirts of Changzhi, about 3.5 kilometers northeast of Changzhi City. The tomb is a domed brick chamber tomb with a direction of 150 degrees. It is composed of a tomb passage, a tomb door, and a burial chamber. The cemetery is not cleared. The tomb door is on the south side of the burial chamber, with a ticket roof, 0.7 meters wide, 1.3 high, and a depth of Q.98 meters. The burial chamber is rounded square, the four walls are convex, 2.82 meters long from north to south, 2.8 wide from east to west, and 2.74 meters high. The tomb wall is made of strips of bricks 32 long, 16 cm wide and 6 cm thick in four vertical groups, with a height of 1.3 meters. The above staggered seams are flattened, and the dome is harvested layer by layer. The floor of the burial chamber is tiled with strips of brick staggered seams. There are arched niches on the four walls of the tomb, one on the east, west and north walls, two on the east side of the south wall, and one on the west side, all of which are 0.28 meters high and 0.1 meters wide. The west side of the burial chamber is higher than the floor of the burial chamber, when it is a coffin bed, the length is equal to the length of the north and south of the burial chamber, the widest point is 1.08, and it is 0.13 meters above the burial chamber floor (Figure 9). Before the tomb was cleaned up, it had been disturbed by the local people, and all the burial items were taken out, and the burial utensils introduced below were later recovered.
1 piece of blue glaze injection pot. Flared mouth, corset neck, short mouth, slippery shoulders, round belly, flat bottom, with cranks connecting the shoulders and necks. Caliber 8, abdominal diameter 13.5, bottom diameter 8, height 12 cm (plate; 1)
Blue glaze four series male 1 piece. Straight mouth, slippery shoulders, four series on the shoulders, round belly, flat bottom. The glaze is not applied to the end, and the shoulders are decorated with two weeks of string patterns, and the abdomen is decorated with a week of string patterns. Caliber 7.8, abdominal diameter 19, bottom diameter 10, height 22.7 cm (plate flutter: 3, "blue glaze double can 1 piece. Straight mouth, round shoulders, suitable for double series, curved abdomen • flat bottom. The glaze is not applied to the end, and the glaze is smooth. Caliber 10, abdominal diameter 17, bottom diameter 8.5, height 12 cm (Fig. 16.
Yellow glaze injection pot 1 piece. Open mouth, round shoulders, short mouth, deep abdomen, flat bottom. There are cranks that connect the shoulders and necks. There are double straps on the shoulders. The glaze is smooth. Mouth minus 5.8, abdominal diameter 8:7, bottom diameter 8.5, height 24 cm (Figure 11)
White porcelain bowl 2 pieces. The form is the same, but the size is slightly different. Open, obliquely straight abdomen, flat bottom. Thick tires, coarse glaze. The large diameter is 15, the bottom diameter is 7.4, and the height is 4.6 cm; the small diameter is 14.6, the bottom diameter is 7.3, and the height is 7 cm (Figure 12).
11 clay pots. Can be divided into 2 types, all of which are gray pottery. Type I 10 pieces, rolled edge, short neck, drum belly, flat bottom. Among them, 3 pieces have a diameter of 9.6, an abdominal diameter of 16, a bottom diameter of 7.8, and a beard of 18.9 cm (Figure 13). The remaining 7 pieces have a diameter of 9.2, a belly diameter of 15, a bottom diameter of 8, and a height of 19.3 cm. Type II 1 piece, curled lips, slip shoulders, oblique abdomen, small flat bottom. Caliber 17.6, abdominal diameter 20.5, bottom diameter 10.2, height 11.4F meters (Figure 14).
1 piece of iron shear, serious rust, residual length 23 cm.
Epitaph 1. Bluestone, square, side length 38, pass height 21.5 cm. Zhi gai pinnacle, yin carved "Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Emperor Tomb Inscription" nine characters, four brake lines carved tangled peony pattern (figure - five). The epitaph stone is inscribed with 15 lines and 181 characters (figure 6). The excerpt reads below:
"Tang Dynasty Xihe Song Fujun Epitaph and Preface Jun Zhen Jiajin, character Eight Hong, its predecessor Jinzhou Linfen County people also." ...... Father's Secret Show... Proud of the prince without controversy, Shuquan Shi died with his life. Junda Festival super line, mouth can not be named, filial piety home, Wen Wu Ji dai. It belongs to the Central Plains rebellion, loses loyalty for the country, and slashes the flag. The famous mouth is far away, so he is not entrusted with the generals of The Great General of the Ningyuan General Koukou Wuwei, and still gives him the pillar state. ......· In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were four out of 60, and on May 13, the eighth year of the Zhenyuan Dynasty, □ rescued the bandits, and finally Lu Fu was private. ...... On October 14 of the year of his year, he led a guest to the Ten Mile Plain southwest of Lufu City, Li Ye. "
3. Summary
Li Du's tomb was buried in the first year of Jingyun (710), and Song Jiajin's tomb was buried in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), although the difference is more than 80 years, but the tomb shape is the same, both are domed single-room brick tombs. Most of the small and medium-sized brick chamber tombs of the Tang Dynasty found in the Changzhi area are of this shape.
The three-colored duck-hugging pot figurine unearthed in Li Du's tomb is beautifully shaped, and the figures and duck images are vivid, which is a rare treasure. This figurine is very similar to the Sancai Duck-hugging pot figurine published on page 42 of Chen Wanli's book "Pottery Figurines", as if it were made of one mold. Unfortunately, the source and size of the figurine are not indicated in the book, and this one in Li Duhui was excavated from the Tomb of Tang with a clear date, so it provides rare information for studying the shape and variety of Tang Sancai.
Author: Hou Genzhi
Photo: Liu Guangqing
Figure: Qin Yanlin Ren Wenliang