A batch of Tang Dynasty porcelain and sancai ware was found in Changzhi City
Cultural Relics Quarterly, No. 01, 1992 Hou Genzhi
In July 1986, workers at the Songjiazhuang Brick Farm in Changzhi City destroyed several Tang tombs while taking soil. After hearing the news, the municipal museum immediately sent people to the scene to investigate and understand, and also investigated the brick yards such as Hukou and North and South Stone Troughs on the eastern outskirts of the city. After investigation, it was found that the large tribe of cultural relics excavated from the Tang tomb belonged to private hands. In order to rescue these cultural relics, the Municipal Museum organized an investigation team, and with the active cooperation of the municipal public security department and through the hard work of many parties, most of the cultural relics were recovered. The ceramics and tricolor introduced in this article are some of them.
The types of utensils are: blue glaze and yellow glaze injection pot, light yellow glaze plate wearing belt bottle, lid pot, green glaze cup mouth fine neck lotus pattern bottle, green glazed lion, green glazed cow car, three-color shackles, bowls, three-color lying cow pillows and a total of seventeen pieces.
Yellow glaze injection pot, 4 pieces, can be divided into three types:
Type I, 1 piece, flared mouth, mouth edge micro-roll, long neck, double belt double series, curved double belt shaped hug, short stream, oval abdomen, shoulder decoration double string pattern, glaze wax yellow, glaze not to the end. Round cake bottom, thick tire quality. Height 20, caliber 7, bottom diameter 8 cm (Figure 1).
Type II, 2 pieces, open, rolled edge, long neck, double band crank connected to the neck shoulder, cylindrical short mouth, slender long abdomen, yellow glaze, belly printed with mat decoration. The glaze is adorned to the lower part of the utensil. A layer of white tire protection soil is applied under the glaze, and the thick tire is finely made. Round cake shaped bottom. Height 18-19.6, caliber 6.5-8.5, bottom diameter 7.5-8.5 cm (Figure 2).
Type III, 1 piece, open, rolled edge, long straight neck, double tie, double belt crank, screw shaped short nozzle. The abdomen is slender, waxy yellow glaze, and the abdomen is decorated with mat patterns. Apply white soil under the glaze, glaze to the lower part, flat bottom, height 21, caliber 6.5, bottom pipe 9 cm (Figure 3).
White glaze injection pot, 2 pieces, can be divided into two types.
Type I, 1 piece, straight neck curl, short mouth, shoulder engraved double line concave string pattern, broadband crank, oval abdomen, sleeve not to the end, thick tire quality, round cake shape solid foot. Height 18, caliber 6. G: Base diameter 8.8 cm (Figure 4).
Type II, white glaze with lid injection pot, straight mouth, short mouth, arched handle, round drum belly, orb top lid larger than the mouth. The whole body is glazed with white glaze, the enamel is delicate, the white is yellowed, and the round cake is solid and slightly skimmed. Height 19, caliber 8.4, bottom diameter 7.2 cm (Figure 7).
There are 4 pieces of dark and light green glaze two-color injection pots, which can be divided into three types.
Type I, 2 pieces, flared mouth, long neck, short stream, arched handle, slip shoulder, round belly thin, apply dark and light two-color green glaze, infiltrate each other, form a mottled brilliant color glaze, glaze is not to the end, coarse gray Zhao applied a layer of white tire protection powder. Round cake-shaped solid feet. Height 1.9-18.4, caliber 7.7-6.2, bottom diameter 7.7-7.8 cm (Figure 8).
Type II, 1 piece, handicap, thin neck, short mouth, curved handle round belly, the whole body is applied with two shades of green glaze, the glaze color is infiltrated with each other, forming a mottled and brilliant color, the glaze color is delicate, the product is bright and bright, and the round cake shape is solid and slightly skimmed. Height 7.5, caliber 3, bottom diameter 4.4 cm (Fig. 5).
Type III, 1 piece, straight mouth, roll edge, short mouth, curved handle connected to the mouth edge, round belly under the retract. A dichromatic glaze is applied throughout, and the glaze colors infiltrate each other to form large patches of mottled color. Round cake shaped solid feet. Height 15.5, diameter 7.5, base diameter 7.6 cm (Figure 6).
Light yellow sleeves wear a bottle, a plate, a thin neck, a bulging upper abdomen, and a thin lower abdomen. The shoulders are decorated with double series, round cake feet are skimmed, and there are rectangular double holes corresponding to the shoulders. May be used to wear the belt when up and down. The enamel is delicate and crystal clear. Height 6.6.Caliber 8.5, base diameter 8.5 cm (Plate, 5).
Blue glaze cup mouth fine neck lotus pattern bottle, open mouth, folded edge, neck bundle three convex string pattern. The lotus petals cover the shoulders, and the abdomen is engraved with double-line strings for three weeks. The center of gravity of the bottle is in the lower part, the glaze is not applied to the end, and the round cake is solid. The tire quality is coarse, and the glazed cloth is a large spot of rice grains. Zhai 21.5, caliber 5.6, bottom diameter 6.7 cm (Picture Board, 1).
Three glazed shackles, open mouth, folded edge, drum belly round bottom, shoulder ornament a week of eight petals lotus pattern, the whole body is white, yellow, dark and light green glaze, the color glaze from the upper abdomen to the bottom evenly flow on the surface of the vessel, the bottom unglazed place to expose the white tire on the chemical soil. The bottom of the incision marks are obvious, the three animal-shaped hoofs are skimmed, and this three-way turn is exquisitely crafted, solemn and simple, and the glaze color is bright and shiny. The entire artifact is intact. Height 15.5, caliber 14 cm. (Plate, 4)
Three-color lying cow pillow, the cow lies on an oval plate, on the oval sunflower-shaped side pillow surface, the eyes are round, the nostrils are bulging, as a panting, the tail is bent back to the left crotch, and the center of the pillow surface is decorated with a sunflower-shaped pattern. The whole body is brown yellow, dark green, white three-color glaze, the glaze color is crystal bright, the tire is yellow and thick, and the bottom is glazed, and the shape of this artifact is very vivid. Height 6, length 13, width 9 cm (Plate, 6).
Green glazed lion, lion squatting, head held high, tail cocked, eyes round, thick eyebrows, open mouth and teeth, mane to the back, jaw with a short beard. His face is fierce, his legs are covered with hair, and he crouches on a rectangular base, with a vivid shape. The glaze color is dark and light, with dark blue and greenish green. The porcelain is delicate, smooth and shiny. It can be called a rare treasure. Height 18, base length 11.8, width 10.5 cm (plate, 2).
The white gray glazed ox car is composed of three parts of the carport, the car box and the wheels, the roof of the carport is rolled up, the two ends are upturned, the front side of the car is a window, and a rectangular door is opened on the rear side. The JiJunli of the car: double rim, double wheel, the middle of the rim carved out of a bull as a vertical car. The cattle are strong and powerful, the two horns go to school, and a rat-shaped animal is erected on the left side of the cow's body slightly inward, making a royal cow shape, and a rat-shaped animal also sits in the car officer. The body is covered with white gray sleeves, and the glaze is white and gray. The glaze of the wheel W box is applied with brown glaze dots to draw a screw-like dot. Height W-5, length 7, width 5,5 cm (Plate, 3).
Three-colored bowl, mouth, round bottom, belly yellow, brown, silk, white glaze, glaze color from the upper abdomen to the bottom evenly flowed on the surface of the utensils, drooping to drip tear marks. The lower part of the Xianshi lie artifact, the bottom unglazed place reveals % such as the table white yellowing, E white tire protection powder", glaze color is mysterious, crystal shiny. Height 13.1, caliber 15.2, bottom diameter 6 cm.
Based on the above, let's talk about a little superficial understanding.
1. The porcelain pots and Zhejiang utensils unearthed in this batch are all practical utensils. Tricolored and small animal face vessels may have been made for burial. Among them, the pot and bottle yellow consulting the most. Porcelain tires are made by wheeling. Carcasses are generally loose, yellow glazed carcasses are yellowed, and white glazed carcasses are grayed. Under the glaze, white tire protection powder 0 coarse tire fine work. The glaze is applied to the lower part of the utensil, and there are few traces of wax tears. The bottom of the pot and bottle is mostly round cake-like solid feet. Judging from the styling characteristics of specific utensils, pots, bottles, lions, cattle cars, three-colored shackles, bowls and sleeping cow pillows are basically similar to the same type of essences excavated in the early, middle and late Tang Dynasty. The ugly batch of utensils spans a long time, including the small-necked lotus vase that dared to cup the mouth in the early Tang Dynasty, and the pots, bottles, sancai near, bowls, etc. common in the middle and late Tang dynasties.
2. The brick farms of Songjiazhuang, Hukou and Nanbei Shigou Villages at the site of excavation were located in the eastern and southwestern suburbs outside the city of Tangluzhou at that time, about one kilometer away from the city. During the Tang Dynasty, Luzhou City was the seat of Shangdang County in southeastern Jin. According to the analysis of pottery, porcelain, sancai ware and a large number of Mo Zhi excavated here in recent years, this area is a double tomb group of officials and civilians in Tang Luzhou City.
3. The economy and culture of Luzhou City in the Tang Dynasty were relatively developed, and the trade exchanges with Foreign Tan were also very frequent. Porcelain from many famous kilns in Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi and the south has been shipped here. Judging from the urns excavated by our museum in recent years, most of them belong to the products of various kilns compared with their counterparts. For example, the double series of yellow glaze pots, the shape, glaze color, tire quality and tang Dynasty Shouzhou kiln yellow sleeve pot coincide, can be the products of Shouzhou kiln. Yellow glazed pot, thin body shape, the upper abdomen is round, the lower end is thin and straight, and the belly of the pot is printed with mat patterns. Consistent with the yellow glaze pot of the county kiln on the southern outskirts of Henan in the Tang Dynasty, it should be a product of the Xiangxian kiln. With a lid light yellow glaze pot and a belt bottle, a deep and light green glaze two-color pot, a three-color town and a bowl, their shape glaze, color, tire quality and Gongxian kiln are the same, these kinds of utensils should belong to the Gongxian kiln.