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Li Song's "Looking at the Tide"
Water, which makes all things of nature full of life,
In the landscape painting, there are mountains and waters to show the freshness of the artistic conception.
In the ancient painting world of the mainland,
Many painters are known for their ingenious painting of water,
Wu Daozi painted the river water on the wall of the Datong Temple, "there is a sound all night";
Xu Daoning paints water, making a axis of landscape painting "wet all year round";
Ma Yuan painted the "Twelve Water Maps", and the "big water is born" between the scales.
They all have their own unique ability to represent changes in water.
How to draw water
Mountains, no water and no show. In landscape painting, the mountain is the skeleton, the water is the blood vein, and the picture is rich and vivid when there is mountain and water. There are many types of water, including rivers, rivers, lakes, seas, ponds, springs, streams, waterfalls and so on. In terms of the form of water, it can be divided into calm, microwave, agitation, turbulent and flowing springs and waterfalls, and streams with water and stones. The types and forms of water are different and the methods of painting are also different. The painting method of water can also be divided into hooking, staying, rubbing and dyeing like painting clouds.
1. Drawing water
This painting method mostly uses light ink shunfeng to outline the water pattern according to the different forms of water, and the line should be smooth, stretched, and has a momentum, not plate, stagnation, stiffness, and pay attention to the overall and void of the hook. In order to make the water waves or spring waterfalls vivid, the light ink flanking can be used to strengthen its layer after the line is hooked.
2, White painting method
That is, first draw the mountain and the slope, leave the blank space of the water surface, and do not add lines to outline. From the real painting of the water's edge to set off the blank water surface, or the ribbon of flowing water, we must pay attention to the white as black, grasp the position, shape and relationship with the surrounding objects. Calm, empty water, sometimes drawing reflections in the water.
3. Hook and use
Use the method of hook line and rubbing, draw the waves of water, use the pen to change the middle and flanks, and the gestures should be natural, neat, and change in virtual and real.
4. Color dyeing method
Some paintings can be dyed with color or ink to increase the color effect and integrity of the picture.
5. The painting method of the spring waterfall
First draw the mountain, leave the blank space of the waterfall, and then add a dotted line to show the momentum of the water inlet and the waterfall.
6. The painting method of Jian Xi
Draw the creek bank first, leave the stream, and the stream should have a twist and turn and cover echo. Then use the ink block to point out the rocks in the water, and the stones should have changes in size, thickness and dispersion.
Famous artists throughout the ages have painted water
"The ancients said 'far water without waves', which is the meaning of being far away and not being able to see clearly, so the water pattern, the farther away the lighter, faded to nothing. Painting water leaves a white line on the shore, which looks particularly spiritual. The painting should have a charm, and once it falls on the board, it will not be appreciated. The main point in this is not only to figure out the virtual reality of the guests and subjects of the picture, before and after, but also to use the pen to use color and water to be flexible and vivid. ”
——Zhang Daqian on Gongbi Landscape
1. Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Roselle Futu"
In Gu Kaizhi's "Luoshen Futu", we see the earliest prototype of Chinese landscape painting - "landscape and water dependence". Gu Kaizhi meticulously portrayed the shape of the water flow and ripples with meticulous and smooth lines, so that the ripples of the water were full of movement and change. But Gu Kaizhi only used lines, and did not render the water surface with ink or color.
Part of "Roselle Futu"
2. Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty, "Jianggan XuejiTu"
The literati painter Wang Wei's landscape painting "Jianggan Xueji Tu" used the typical method of "borrowing things to paint water", drawing the shape of the river through the depiction of the river bank. The technique of "light ink rendering" began to be used in the painting to express the luster and reflection of the water in the river, and the change of technique made the expression of the painting more and more abundant.
Part of "Jianggan Xueji Map"
3. Ma Yuan's "Water Map"
Water Map, Southern Song Dynasty, Ma Yuan, color on silk, 26.8 cm in length, 20.7 cm in the first section of width, 41.6 cm in the second to twelfth sections, in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. The Water Map is a long scroll framed by twelve paintings. All but the first one have names written on them.
"Water Map" vividly depicts a variety of situations such as the vast waves of lake smoke, the rushing of the river, the roaring and roaring of the sea, etc., which can be described as a complete state, and also shows the sense of shadow of floating clouds skimming over the water and the sense of light caused by the sunlight illuminating the water waves, which is rare in ancient Chinese painting.
The first picture of "Water Map" is missing half, no picture name, the picture is a dense sharp small wave, the distant water waves are soothing and light, this is the quiet lake surface in the Golden Autumn Festival.
The cave is windy. The undulating lines form a delicate and gentle wave, which gradually fades into the distance, and finally becomes a color of water and sky. The surface of the lake is breezy, the waves are like scales, and the blue waves are endless. This is the Chunming scenery and the Dongting Lake.
Layers of waves. The large undulating waves are drawn with a thick trembling brush, and the waves roll up between the valleys. This is a raging, forward-rushing current.
The cold pond is shallow. The sparse lines swirled and undulated, the water's edge was three or two stones, and the water surface had a strong sense of flow, which was obviously a stream, not a shallow pond. The water streaks on the screen are reminiscent of another masterpiece of Ma Yuan, "Meishi Xi Jiaotu".
The Yangtze River is ten thousand hectares. The sharp lines outline the waves, all pointing in the same direction, and the distant waves gradually blur. Obviously, this is the open and vast surface of the lower Yangtze River. The river is vast, steady and calm, with an eclectic grace and generosity, and is following the blowing of the river wind and rushing towards the sea.
The Yellow River flows counter-currently. The huge waves outlined by the thick lines and the waves rolled up between the waves all made a forward thrusting and lifting movement, and then showed a backwards upward trend. This is the yellow river water at the mouth of the pot, turbid, rushing, agitating, roaring, with a primitive and rough vitality, threatening the thunderous momentum, just about to break through the barrier and pour forward.
Autumn water echoes. Gentle double hook lines ripples, egrets flying in the water, the boundless lake surface, the autumn wind, the lake water is clear and the waves are thin.
Yunsheng Canghai. The peak of the wave tilts forward, the back wave pushes the front wave, the cloud shades the fog lock, and the sound of the waves is like a tide. These are the waves at high tide.
The lake is shining. Light lines, drawing irregularly beating water waves. The spring breeze is fine and the lake is full of water. The mountains under the clear light and the waves in the mirror are slightly rippled in the laughter of the tourists. This is the intoxicating soft wave of West Lake.
Cloud Shu Lang Roll. The surface of the sea under the clouds and fog is full of surging waves, and in the middle, with a thick and condensed vibrating pen, a raised wave is drawn, and it is roaring with might. This is the flood wave in the sea.
Dawn bakes the mountain. Red sun, distant mountains, morning fog. The lake under the morning sun floats on the surface of the lake, a fresh and tranquil atmosphere.
The waves drift. The fish-like lines form fine ripples, gradually blurring into the distance, and several seagulls fly on the sea, and the sea surface is calm and quiet.
4. Southern Song Dynasty Xia Gui's "Qiantang Autumn Tide Map"
"Qiantang Autumn Tide Map" is a tuan fan, and the silk book is colored. This picture depicts the scene of the Qiantang River tumbling and rushing at the beginning of the autumn tide. The whole picture is brightly colored. In the distance, the peaks are hidden, the green is hidden, the cliffs and rocks in the close-up, the miscellaneous trees are intertwined, and the white waves in the middle are gushing and majestic. The trees, stones and waves in the picture are all outlined by the center, and the jump is powerful and rhythmic, which is a typical representative of the Ma Xia school.
5. Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Di's "Ten Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains"
"Ten Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" depicts the scenery of the Yangtze River in the form of a long scroll. The picture is from virtual to real, from far and near, from large to small, full of smoke, vast waves of smoke, layers of mountains, shocking waves lapping at the shore, wind and rain, small boats against the waves, dangers, forming a thrilling and magnificent scene.
Part of "Ten Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains"
Unfolding the scroll, the clouds obscured the fog, the mountains stretched continuously, and a few feet later, a zigzag river bank appeared, and three or two travelers slowly traveled along the road, and the number of ships was only waiting for guests at the foot of the mountain ferry. Then it was "the waves crashing on the shore, rolling up a thousand piles of snow", followed by the protrusion of lonely ridges, the turn of peaks and roads, huts and village houses, and travel. Finally, the picture ends with the endless sea, the water and the sky are colorful, and the momentum is magnificent. At the end of the trail are poems by Qian Weishan, Zhang Ning, Lu Shusheng and others of the Ming Dynasty.
Shown below is a truncated section of the "Ten Thousand Miles of the Mountains".
6. Ming Dynasty Chen Hongshou's "Huangliu Jujin"
"Yellow Stream Jujin" is colored for silk, the Yellow River rolls waves, the rapids are turbulent, the water patterns are delicate and vivid, and the lines are strong and powerful. The color is elegant and rich in decorative beauty.
7. Ming Metabolism Shichen's "Wuxia Yuntao Map"
"Wuxia Yuntao Map" is on paper, light color, 242.cm x 89 .8cm, collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art, USA. The mountains overlap, the towering and precipitous, the flow of the river, the white waves are monstrous, and the momentum is magnificent. The pen and ink are either fine and vigorous, or strong and deep, or vertical and horizontal, full of changes.
8. Qing Dynasty Ai Xin Jue Luo · Pu Confucian on painting water
Pu Ru (1895-1963), born in the Qing dynasty, surnamed Ai Xin Jue Luo, the character Xin She. Its landscape is based on "Northern Sect", run to the Southern Sect's brushwork, calligraphy is known as cursive, in the past with Zhang Daqian had the reputation of "Southern Zhang Beipu", and was also called "Southern Wu Northern Pu" with Wu Hufan.
The method of painting water, turning the pen into a wave, folding the pen as a wave. Fold, just also; turn, soft also.
Painting streams of water around the stone, twisted into writing, the pen is like a gossamer, do not be vain, you need to lift the pen lightly, so that the spirit of the turn.
Hanging rock waterfall, the gravel is pouring down, up and down wide; in the middle of the waterfall, one or two strokes write rock water shadows, the pen uses a hanging needle, the upper desire is heavy and the lower desire is light, and its light desire is light and traceless, which is wonderful. Taibai poetry: The sea breeze is blowing continuously, and the river moon is still empty.
Painting flying springs, Yishi rock ridges and hollows, two rocks sandwiched, lush trees. Near, there is a shadow of turbulence, and far away it is straight down through the clouds.
Editor's Note
Generations of famous artists have painted water and formed their own unique techniques for expressing the changes of water. Song Nian of the Qing Dynasty said in the "Painting of the Summer Palace": "There is water in the eyes and water in the chest, which is transported out of the spiritual platform, and the true form of the water is displayed on the paper." The disease of multi-plate stagnation in the first brush stroke is long-term and skilled, but there is a flow freely, unimpeded and unobstructed. At the beginning of every writing, my mind is turbulent and naturally lively. "When learning to paint water, if you can combine the experience of your predecessors and understand it in depth, you should be able to make greater gains."
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