The ancients talked about painting, concise and concise. In the thousand-year-old history of Chinese painting, figure painting is the most artistic personality and charm, and it is also the painting that can directly reflect the social system, religious thought and political law of that time, so it can be said that portrait painting is almost a Chinese "anthropological" image history.
The development of portrait painting from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties can be described as famous artists, whether it is the Tang Dynasty Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, or the Five Dynasties Zhou Wenjue, Gu Hongzhong, or the Song Dynasty Wu Zongyuan, most of the characters painted are exquisite lines and realistic shapes. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of portrait painting burst out of a new vitality in the gradual integration of Western painting. Inheriting the content of the previous issue, this issue continues to share some of the collection of "Portraits of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" exhibited by the National Art Museum of China.
A spark at the time of the collision
Throughout the history of Chinese painting, early portraits were mainly depicted politically and religiously. From the emperors of the past to the martyrs of the achievements, from the pure land disguise to the Chaoyuan Immortal Battle, they all show people with grandeur and dignity and peace. Even the portrayal of the reclusive Coats and the Qiluo ladies takes their high-minded, detached, graceful and luxurious faces, rather than their anti-worldly and absurd and strange side. Like Zhang Zao's "Apricot Blossom Red Shop Picture Scroll", the depiction of amusement and play is also extremely restrained. When the painter selected the scenery into the painting, he tried to avoid the dangerous and exciting scenery, although the depiction of mountains, lakes, vegetation and climate in the whole work accounted for a great proportion, but the scenery in the painting showed a plain, warm, peaceful and quiet atmosphere.
(Please rotate the screen 90° counterclockwise for the best viewing angle)
Zhang Zao- Apricot Blossom Red Shop Picture Volume Part (Qing)
Apricot Blossom Red Shop Picture Roll (Partial)
Since the rise of literati painting, most of the scholar painters are fascinated by the themes of landscapes, flowers and birds, and the portrait paintings of the Qing Dynasty, which are declining, still sprout many unique painters and genres. For example, Ren Bonian, who is the leader of the fusion of folk painting methods and Western sketches, and Yu Zhiding, who is influenced by the "Bochen School" and is not limited by him.
During the Qing Dynasty, European missionaries not only introduced Western paintings to China, but also entered the inner court for worship, although there were stylized barriers in the form of expression, but also formed a combination of Chinese and Western painting styles. At the time when new ideas collided with old traditions, many trends were born, such as the new style of painting created by the Maritime School of Painting in portrait painting, and its representative figures were Ren Bonian and Wu Changshuo.
Part of the Seven Old Scrolls of Hu Hu - WuZhong (Qing)
Wuzhong Seven Old Picture Scroll Part (Partial)
Gu Zunshou - Yushi Portrait Album (Qing)
Happy Chart
"The Beauty of Neutralization" is one of the purposes of the creation of ancient literati, and it is also the policy that Chinese painting has always implemented and supported. As a branch of portraiture, Xingle Tu provides the most ornamental form of self-entertainment for both literary portraits and the painting itself. Literati often place portraits in an elegant environment, or combine with plum bamboo pine forests, or accompany them with mountain stone springs, and this kind of portrait painting with a musical nature is mostly showing the emotion and elegance of the owner.
Xu Liang and Li Xuan - Portrait Album of Red Fishing (Qing)
Portrait Album of Red Fishing (Partial)
Li Yan - Jingyuan Monk Portrait Album (Qing)
Shen Tang - Master Image Yoko 轴 (Qing)
Master Image Yoko (Local)
Portraits of the Qing Dynasty focused on freehand and belonged to the self-entertainment style of the literati. Of course, there are also some realistic types of portraits in many works, but in general, Qing Dynasty portraits are mainly freehand. During the Kangxi Dynasty, the painters Yu Zhiding and Ren Bonian, who were good at figure painting and enshrined in the inner court, showed a harmonious natural society through the cultivation and nourishment of natural landscapes.
None (partial)
Yu Zhiding
Yu Zhiding, the character Shangji, the number of Shen Zhai, Jiangdu people, good at photography, especially its white painting technique, beautiful and elegant, for the contemporary first.
When Yu Zhiding was young, his family was poor, and in order to make a living, he worked as an errand boy in the family of the descendants of Li Chunfang, the official shangshu of the late Ming Dynasty. Among the many good painters in the Li family, the talented Yu Zhiding was adopted by the master of the Li family as a bookish boy. After that, he learned lan ying painting method, and became quite famous in his youth. In the twentieth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, Yu Zhiding was ordered by the Kangxi Emperor to be installed at the Hongxu Temple and appointed as the prefect. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Temple was a ceremonial institution that needed to receive officials who came to pay tribute and leave a picture for them, so Yu Zhiding became a painter specializing in portraiture among court painters.
Yu Zhiding, Gu Fuzhen- Qiao Lai Pingwu Independent Small Portrait Axis (Qing)
Yu Zhiding, Gu Fuzhen- Qiao Lai Bamboo Forest Occasional Gathering Small Portrait Axis (Qing)
Yu Zhiding, Gu Fuzhen - Qiao Lai Mao Foot Small Portrait Axis (Qing)
Yu Zhiding, Chasi Biao - Qiao Lai Liuyin Fishing Chart Small Portrait Painting Axis (Qing)
In the twenty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he went on a mission to Ryukyu, and this experience was also the highlight of Yu Zhiding's life, and also made his paintings famous in the capital and spread overseas. After that, Yu Zhiding immersed himself in the study of painting techniques, and his brush techniques became more and more sophisticated, and his character portrayal became more exquisite. Later, through a large number of copied works of predecessors, he collected the strengths of each family for his own use in precipitation and accumulation, and laid a solid foundation for his future achievements.
In the subsequent creation and exploration, Yu Zhiding integrated the Western techniques brought by Western missionaries, and the depiction of characters was often depicted in the way of first ink line outline and later light color, and the clothing pattern of the characters adopted the "orchid leaf depiction method" in flower and bird paintings.
Yu Zhiding - Qiao Lai Calligraphy and Painting Entertainment Picture Axis (Qing)
Ren Bo Nian
Ren Bo Nian, the first name run, the word Ciyuan, the number of Xiao Lou, later changed to yi, the word Bo Nian, the other name of the mountain vagina ascender, etc., Zhejiang Shanyin Hangwu Mountain people, the late Qing Dynasty famous painter. His brushwork is elegant, his works have a wide range of themes, the shapes are vivid and interesting, and the concise and clear pictures contain peaceful and gentle elegance. He was also a rare prolific painter in history, leaving behind thousands of posthumous works during his lifetime.
Ren Bonian - Portrait for Renfu Chang (Qing)
Portrait of Ren Bonian - Zhang Yisan (Qing)
In 1865, ren Bonian, who was displaced and displaced, successively traveled to Hangzhou, Ningbo and other places. Born poor, he started from the folk painting style, and made a living by selling paintings and painting fans, and then he worshiped under Ren Weichangmen. Under the guidance of his teacher, he has made rapid progress with his meticulous observation, and his paintings have become natural and vivid.
Portrait of Ren Bonian - Zhao Dechang and His Wife (Qing)
Portrait of Zhao Dechang and His Wife (Partial)
Ren Bonian, who was born in the folk, although his creative themes are inseparable from the folk world, the accumulation of life prompts him to create inspiration that can often be easily grasped and done naturally. Based on this, his paintings not only broke the elegant view of feudal painting, but also improved the taste of folk painting, and had a huge impact on modern and modern Chinese painting.
The root of painting lies in the "original method of painting". Although the achievements of qing dynasty figure painting are not as good as landscapes, flowers and birds, their progress cannot be underestimated. Whether it is Yu Zhiding's celebrity portraits or Ren Bonian's folk secularism, the development of Chinese portraiture has been pushed to a new peak.
We'll see you next time.
Eye Art Chronicles Part 881 is dedicated to the artistic gift of life. If you need to reprint, please obtain authorization first, and please indicate the source after reprinting
Text Writing: Eye Edge Art Zhi