Wen | Mao Yonghui Editor| Swallow Photo | Network
It is said that the ancient Shang Dynasty on the mainland began with Tang and experienced more than three hundred years, and the capital city was relocated five times. By the time of King Pan Geng of the Shang Dynasty, he moved the capital from Yan (present-day Qufu, Shandong) to Yin (around present-day Xiaotun Village, northwest of Anyang, Henan). After Pan Geng moved the capital to Yu Yin, a series of political reforms were carried out, which brought about unprecedented political, economic, and cultural development of the Shang Dynasty. Until the fall of the Shang Dynasty, which lasted for more than 270 years, the capital was never relocated, so history called the Shang Dynasty "Yin Shang", "Yin Dynasty" or "Yin Dynasty", referred to as "Yin". Until the death of the Yin Shang Kingdom, its capital was a ruin. This was later known as the Yin Ruins.
Because of the oracle bone inscription for divination found here in 1899, Yin Ruins became the earliest capital city in Chinese history where the exact location can be determined. Because it is a capital city, it is decided that Yin Ruins is not an ordinary building, but a political center, economic center, military center and cultural etiquette center of a country, she is the epitome of a kingdom, which cannot be compared with other sites. This can be fully confirmed by the large number of artifacts that are constantly being excavated: the oracle bones are dazzling. If the emergence of writing means that human beings have come out of the flood era of knotted rope memories, then the discovery of oracle bones is a bright light that illuminates Chinese civilization. Up to now, there are 4500 single characters unearthed, and more than 2000 words have been recognized, and more than 1,000 words are recognized. The oracle bone is a symbol of civilization and a symbol of culture, and she has pushed the recorded history of Chinese civilization forward for nearly five centuries, and has verified the authenticity and credibility of a series of documents, including the "History of History"; bronze is unique. In the archaeological excavations in 1978, more than 4,000 bronze containers were unearthed. The scale and shape of the bronzes show that the casting process and production organization of the Yin Shang period were already highly developed; the tomb group is rare in the world. Since the excavation of Yin Ruins, more than 8,000 tombs have been found. As a very clear ancient capital of the Shang Dynasty, these tomb groups are of great significance for exploring the cultural roots of the Chinese nation; large buildings fill in the gaps. In the northeast direction of Yin Xu, a Huanbei Mall of more than 4.7 million square meters is discovered, of which the no. 1 base site alone is 170 meters, with an area of 16,000 square meters, which is close to the sum of the area of the seven Forbidden City Halls. In addition, the discoveries in calendar, mathematics, medicine and other aspects also fully prove that the highly developed science and technology of the Yin Ruins period have made important contributions to the development of human science and technology.
As everyone knows, such a Yin Ruins culture that illuminates the Huanghuang Huaxia is extremely dramatic. One day in 1899 (the twenty-fifth year of Qing Guangxu), Wang Yirong, a scholar who liked to collect and study ancient cultural relics, fell ill with malaria and went to the old Chinese medicine store in Beijing to grab a pair of traditional Chinese medicines. One of the "keels" aroused wang's curiosity, and he picked up the "keel" and took a closer look, and found that there were many regular patterns engraved on it, and the workmanship was very fine. Therefore, this famous epigrapher carefully studied these patterned "keels" and recognized them as oracle bones used for divination in the Shang Dynasty. Since then, after in-depth research and research by many scholars, it has been conclusively proved that Xiaotun, a northwestern suburb of Anyang City, Henan Province, where the "dragon bone" was dug up, is the site of the capital of the Shang Dynasty on the mainland. Looking back, this "keel" was found in a pharmacy because it was "medicinal" and was discovered by a epigrapher. If you had entered the bone soup restaurant because you could "eat", wouldn't you have even left a dregs long ago?
In fact, the great charm of Yin Xu Oracle's world-shaking charm is not just because of her age. It is said that archaeologists in Shaanxi Province found a batch of oracle bones in the primitive social site of Doumen Township Garden Village in the western suburbs of Xi'an City, respectively, carved on a bone pole, a tooth of the beast and several pieces of animal bones, this oracle bone script is small, the stroke is as thin as a mosquito but strong and powerful, the glyph is clear, and the font structure layout is rigorous. Experts pointed out that the excavation site of this oracle bone belongs to the late Longshan culture, dating back to about 4,500 to 5,000 years ago, that is to say, more than 1,200 years earlier than the Yin Ruins Oracle. There are also two kinds of oracle bones, although not as ancient as the above, but also have their own unique features. One is a micro-carved oracle bone. The oracle bones were found in the village of Fengyan in Guzhouyuan, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. The text is as small as a mustard seed, and the strokes are as fine as a millimeter, but the handwriting is clear and the portrayal is smooth. These oracle bones are works of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and most of them record the content of the late years of King Wen of Zhou to the early years of King Kang of Zhou after the destruction of the Shang in Western Zhou. But why is the carving so small? In the absence of magnification microscopy in ancient times, what tools were used to carve it out, and how was it identified? It is still an unsolved mystery. There is also an oracle bone found in Weining Yi Hui and Miao Autonomous County in Guizhou Province, this oracle bone is engraved on pottery, experts have verified that this oracle bone is more than 2,000 years old. Because this word is closely related to the development of the Yi language, it is called "Yi oracle bone" by scholars. After the discovery of the "Yi Oracle", experts have only recently been successfully deciphered after decades of painstaking research.
However, the Yin Ruins Oracle confirms the existence of a kingdom, coupled with a large number of archaeological excavations in more than a hundred years, so that no other oracle bone can be compared.
The splendor of the Yin Tomb Oracle, and the legend of her discovery, naturally gives us a question: How many words and cultures have we ever been "eaten", are being "eaten", and will be "eaten"?
Author: Mao Yonghui, a native of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, is a civil servant who has worked for a long time in a certain place in Shandong And has retired. He is a director of the Shandong Miscellaneous Literature Association. Dabbling in a variety of literary genres, he once focused on essay writing, published nearly one million words in decades, and many of his works won awards and were included in anthologies.
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