Spring chanting, Du Fu's understanding of spring

Spring has passed, and spring is coming. When it comes to the performance of classical Chinese poetry on spring, people will probably first think of Li Bai's youth song, Du Mu's Junshuang Huazhang, and of course, Song Ci's shallow low singing of hurt spring. In this list, du Fu, a great poet known as the "poet saint", is difficult to be remembered first. Indeed, Du Fu seems to have spent his whole life in the autumn wind of Xiao Ser, "white-headed groaning and looking bitterly and low" ("Qiu Xing"), and his depression and old age seem to have nothing to do with the splendid spring. However, in fact, Du Fu wrote a large number of Wing Chun works in his lifetime, conveying the poet's unique understanding of spring in the midst of turbulent tribulations. To countless readers who have also experienced troubles in later generations, these works seem to resonate deeply with the heart more than ordinary spring chants.

Du Fu had the youthful age of Qiu Ma's light-heartedness, and also "Spring Song Congtai" ("Grand Tour"), and also accompanied the travel banquets of the officials and nobles to enjoy the spring. His early writing of "Night Feast Zuo Shi Zhuang" depicts the scene of the spring night feast, which is very evocative: "The forest wind is thin and the moon is falling, and the clothes are clean and the piano is clean." Dark water flow flower path, spring star with grass hall. "A thin moon, a breeze blowing in the forest, a few stars reflecting the grass hall in the night. On this flowing and refreshing night, the sound of the piano is also clearer and more beautiful. This may be a spring night that Du Fu will never forget in his life.

However, such a time was soon crushed mercilessly by the iron hooves of the Anshi rebels. After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tang Xuanzong fled west to Shuzhong, the rebels captured Chang'an, and Du Fu's family fled to Yanzhou. He heard that Emperor Suzong of Tang had ascended the throne in Lingwu, so after settling his family down, he defected to the imperial court alone, and was unfortunately captured by the rebels on the way to Chang'an. At this time, in the smoke and dust of the city, the familiar Chang'an City, although the pond hall is still the same, seems to have become desolate overnight, and the spring when everything was shining in the past also has a different look. His "Spring Hope" wrote about this weeping spring: "The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the spring grass and trees in the city are deep." When I feel the flowers splash tears, I hate the birds and be frightened. The flames lasted for three months, and the family letter arrived at ten thousand gold. The white head scratches are shorter and more overwhelming. "The home country is broken, and even the bright spring flowers and beautiful chirping birds make people cry. A "deep" word for "deep grass and trees" writes about the desolation in the lush spring.

In this spring, Du Fu also quietly went to the Qu river, which was once a feast resort, to recall the prosperity of that year, and in front of him was only "Jiangtou Palace locked a thousand doors, and the fine willows were green for whom" ("The Head of the Mourning River"). This is by no means an ordinary sigh of sad spring, but is intertwined with a deep fear of brutal riding and a dazedness about the road ahead. Before that, Du Fu had fled with his family, suffering from hunger and cold, and even almost unable to survive. He once recorded this thrilling encounter in "Peng Ya Xing": "Remembering the beginning of avoiding thieves in the past, he walked north through dangers and hardships. In the middle of the night, Peng Ya Road, the moon shines on the white water mountain. ...... The idiot girl was hungry and biting me, crying out in fear of the tiger and the wolf. Cover his mouth in his arms, and the reverse voice will become more and more disgusted. Du Fu, who was a father, wrote that his hungry little daughter was so hungry that he bit himself, and he was afraid that her cries would attract tigers and jackals, so he had to hold her tightly in his arms and cover her mouth, who knew that she was desperately struggling to make more fierce. Du Fu, who was trapped in Chang'an, in the spring color in front of his eyes, although there was no hunger cry of a foolish woman for the time being, there was endless worry, endless dazedness, and endless regret.

After the An Shi rebels were pacified, Emperor Suzong of Tang returned to Chang'an, and Du Fu also served as a leftist in the imperial court. Although Qiankun is still sore, his desire to serve the country has been revived with the advent of spring. In the poem "Spring Su Zuo Province", he portrays his excitement of staying in Menxia Province overnight to wait for the next day to enter the court: "Flowers hide in the twilight, chirping and perching birds." The stars are moving, and the moon is nine and nine. Don't sleep listen to the golden key, because the wind thinks of Yuke. The Ming Dynasty had a seal, and asked how the night was. "On a quiet spring night, the stars and moon are bright and the sky is vast, and the poet at this time, thinking of speaking to the imperial court the next day, can't help but check over and over again whether the dawn is coming." On this spring night, the pain of the poet's former upheaval and displacement seems to be gone.

Of course, politics is complex and poets are naïve. Du Fu soon encountered exclusion in the imperial court, and his frustration was also poured out with the falling flowers of late spring: "A piece of flowers flying away but spring, and the wind is drifting at ten thousand points. And look close to the flowers through the eyes, do not be tired of hurting more wine into the lips. The small hall on the river nests emeralds, and the garden edges the high tomb lying unicorn. Pushing physics must be fun, how to use floating names to stumble on this body. ("Qu Jiang" I) The shock and power of the opening sentence of this poem is as if the sorrows of heaven and earth are falling with the flying flowers; and the good times are difficult to live for a long time, and the feeling of timely pleasure is also expressed so bluntly. This is a sigh after the endless enthusiasm of the heart has been suppressed, and only when it is drunk can there be a moment of relief. The poet also wrote: "Returning to the day and the day to celebrate the spring clothes, every day the river head is drunk." Alcohol debts are commonplace, and life is seventy years old. Wear flowers butterflies deeply to see, dot water dragonflies model fly. The scenery flows together, and it is not contrary to the temporary appreciation. ("Qu Jiang" Part II) In the poem, "Life is seventy years old" is certainly a famous sentence broadcast in the population, and five or six of them are more worthy of taste. Butterflies looming in the spring flowers and dragonflies that fly on soft waves are the gentlest, freshest, most pitiful, but also the most fleeting conditions of spring. And the melancholy that can only be relieved by indulging in drinking is precisely the passion in the poet's heart.

Du Fu did not usher in any turnaround after the disappointment of the imperial court. He was deposed zuo shiyi, demoted to Huazhou Sigong to join the army, and left Chang'an; later, he abandoned his official post from Huazhou and began a long period of wandering between the southwest world and the earth, never returning to the Central Plains that he thought about day and night. In the long period of wandering, in the face of helplessness and sorrow that seems to be difficult to see the end, he wrote many somber poems, especially the "Qiuxing" group poems created during his later years in Kuizhou, which are even more touching. However, in the wandering journey, he did not stop writing the poetry of spring. These Wing Chun works express the exiled poet's love and affection for life and affection, for life and the world, and for never fading.

Shortly after leaving Chang'an, Du Fu returned to Luoyang Province to visit relatives and friends. On a spring day, he met his old friend Wei Bashi, who had been separated for 20 years. The two of them talked at night in the dim light, thinking of their former acquaintances, who had passed away in the middle of the world, and could not help but "exclaim hot intestines". What about the decline of personnel, which is what it is? Talking, the old friend asked the children to prepare wine to cook and entertain Du Fu, and cut fresh leeks in the spring rain. After this separation, the two should never see each other again, but the warm scene of "Night Rain Cutting Spring Leeks" was written by Du Fu into the famous work "Eight Virgins for The Guardian", and it still brought every reader into the drizzling spring night and into the comfort and warmth of the world.

After arriving in Shudi, Du Fu settled down in Huanhuaxi, a suburb of Chengdu, and built a grass hall. Although he knew in his heart that this was only a temporary settlement, he still felt the joy of living a quiet life with his family. In the poem "Into the Boat", he wrote: "Nanjing jiuke cultivates the southern acre, and looks north to the wounded god sitting in the north window." Lead the old wife to take a dinghy during the day, and watch the child bathe in the Qingjiang River. The butterflies are separated from each other, and the hibiscus is self-double. Tea drinking cane syrup carries all, porcelain poppies without Xie Yu as a jar. One spring day, he and his wife were touring in a small boat in the Huanhua Creek by the grass hall, the children swimming in the clear stream, like butterflies chasing each other, and he and his old wife were like lotus flowers, in pairs. On this trip, the boat also has fragrant tea and sweet sugar cane water on it, which should be ready to taste with his wife and children. This is a picture of how warm the spring day of the grass hall is.

In his life in the Caotang, Du Fu had more observation and taste of the scenery of nature and the delicacy of human feelings. To write new observations into poetry is a great challenge to poetry, and Du Fu is to accept this challenge. In "A Short Description of the Value of Water on the River Like the Sea", he wrote: "For human nature, it is a good sentence, and the language is not surprising and endless." The old psalms are long and the flowers and birds in the spring are not deeply sad. He said that he would not write amazing words, and would not give up when he died; but now that he was older, writing poetry was less true, so the flowers and birds of spring did not have to worry. This is just a moment of self-humility of the poet, who exhausted his physical form and exhausted his attachment to the new, but in fact, he never relaxed in his life. Indeed, looking at his portrayal of the spring color of the grass hall, he really has an incomparably vivid and unconventional pen and ink.

His poem "Looking for Flowers Alone on the Riverbank" writes about the lively spring colors in the village: "Huangshi Pagoda in front of the river and the east of the water, the spring light is lazy and sleepy and leans on the breeze." The peach blossoms bloom without a master, and the cute crimson loves light red. "(Fifth) The river water of spring, a cluster of peach blossoms in the countryside, thick and light, which one is more loved? This is the rogue and helplessness of spring, and it is a question that does not need to be answered. Another example: "Huang Siniang's family is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are low on the branches." The butterflies dance from time to time, and the warblers cry at ease. "(Sixth) The intense spring color seems to overflow between the lines.

In Du Fu's pen, the poet and all things in the spring color, and the creature that dominates the spring light, seem to communicate cordially, he said: "Seeing that the guest is sad and unconscious, the rogue spring color goes to the Jiangting." That is, he sent flowers to further study, and taught the warbler language Tai Ding Ning. "Why should a person like himself, who is entangled in guest sorrow, spring flowers and warblers come to bother?" This seemingly helpless annoyance is actually a deep love. Of course, such emotions also have a more dignified expression, and the "Later Journey" writes: "The temple remembers the place where it was once traveled, and the bridge was pitied when it crossed again." If the country is waiting, the flowers and willows are more selfless. The wild run smoke is thin, and the sand is late in the day. All the worries are reduced, and it is better to give up this. "The poet himself loves the scenery of the country, and the flowers and willows of the country and the mountains also give themselves selfless gifts; and the reason why the spring day is moving comes from this kind of affection."

If you think that Du Fu wrote these words during his long years of wandering in the southwest, you may have a deeper touch. In the fate that is difficult to escape, he wrote such a warm and vibrant spring, what kind of power is this? It is a poet's never-ending love of life. Du Fu as a great poet, the ancients called him "tall, big, deep, all unreachable" (Qing Liu Xizai's "Outline of Art"), in fact, Du Fu is not esoteric and obscure, he just always believes in simplicity that all things in heaven and earth have the most authentic life force, this force, that is, the spring rain of "sneaking into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently", seeing it as invisible and silent, but it is there, in a piece of vitality where everything is quietly revived. Isn't this a metaphor for the poet's own life, where is the hope in the dark night of exile, on the road of wandering? Although invisible to sight and silent to hear, it is there, in the most simple love of life, in the inexhaustible power of new life.

◎ This article was originally published in the "People's Political Consultative Conference Daily", the source network, the copyright of the picture and text belongs to the original author, if there is infringement, please contact to delete.