Six ancient poems of the twenty-four solar terms of spring: Spring returns to infinite spring, and the buds of ten thousand trees are today
Spring. A "spring" makes people rejoice, the most beautiful season and time period among the four seasons, standing, standing, is determined, is determined, is established. "Li Chun" means that spring, officially returning, spring returns to the earth.
Lichun is the first of the twenty-four solar terms, whether it is the pre-Qin Dynasty to divide the solar terms by the Movement of the Big Dipper, or the Han Dynasty to determine the solar terms with the shadow of the sun, all of which take Lichun as the beginning of the twenty-four solar terms and end with the great cold. We can see that since ancient times, the emphasis on spring and spring has been attached.
The reason why Lichun has an extremely important significance in ancient times is because in the ancient times of the Ganzhi Era, Lichun is the beginning of the year. Vientiane is renewed, both in nature and in social activity.
Even in the Shang Zhou dynasty, the beginning of the year changes due to the use of the monthly calendar, and the beginning of the spring of the four seasons is still the most important day of the year. The Han Dynasty began with the first month of the lunar calendar, but on the day of the establishment of spring, the emperor followed the ancient festivals and held a grand spring ceremony in the eastern suburbs, which was more grand in the Tang and Song dynasties, and the solemn and solemn spring festival ran through the ancient society.
The contemporary New Year is called "Spring Festival", which means that it covers the most important festival of the New Year period, "Li Chun". Because in ancient times, Li Chun was called The Spring Festival, the Spring Festival, or the Spring Festival.
And folk, the custom of spring and spring has never changed, because it is the most beautiful and fertile gift that nature gives to the land to give life, and the return of spring, the prosperity of thousands of trees, and the prosperity of farmland contain the vision and hope of a year's harvest. At the beginning of the year, at the beginning of a spring, how much excitement people look forward to.
"Spring and winter move the law, and the heavens and the earth change the stars and frosts."
Between the pan swimming fish jump, and the wind waits for Liu Fang.
Morning plums meet the rain, and residual snow is afraid of the morning sun.
All things contain new meanings, and the holy day is long. "Zhongtang · Yuan Shu "Yong 24 Qi Poems Li Chun New Moon Festival"
Before the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems about Lichun Yingchun, such as the Yingchun poems of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Yingchun Suburban Temple poems of the Sui Dynasty, all of which were bright and grand and cheerful. The reason why I chose the Lichun poem of The Tang Dynasty Yuan Shu today is because this poem is extremely representative and influential.
The Tang Dynasty was a period of prosperity and extensive participation of all strata in the course of the times. Yuan Shu's "Yong Twenty-Four Qi Poems" was not sung in small groups and assemblies, but was widely published throughout the country as a textbook form, and at that time, he was used as a chancellor to popularize the knowledge of solar terms to the whole people of the Tang Dynasty. In the last century, two manuscripts of Yuan Shu's solar poems were unearthed in the northern desert, which is enough to prove the wide popularity and spread of this group of solar terms poems in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. With easy and elegant verses, it spreads the knowledge and essence of solar terms, guides people's production and life, and has a special poetic beauty.
"Spring and winter move the law, and the heavens and the earth change the stars and frosts."
Lichun is the first solar term of the traditional first lunar month, and the first solar term of the month is called "solar terms", and the second solar term is called "middle qi", which is also the meaning of the poem title of Yuan Shu, Lichun is in the first month, which is the first solar term of the first month. The second solar term, "rain," is called "rain in the middle of the month."
Lichun is the junction of spring and winter, and the music used to cope with winter has become the soft and fresh melody of spring.
And between heaven and earth, the heavens turned to stars, and the frost and snow on the ground melted, changing seasons.
Don't look at these two poems as if they are a simple battle, in fact, they have popularized the origin of the traditional division of winter and spring, one is that the rhythm followed in ancient times corresponds to the four seasons, and the other is that the ancients used celestial signs to divide the four seasons and solar terms.
"Swim between the fish, and the wind waits for Liu Fang."
The ancients had a very careful observation of the spring spring period, and it was recorded in the classics, and the three broad-spectrum natural changes of the spring were "thawed by the east wind, the stings began to vibrate, and the fish was negative ice"
Here are two, the river gradually thaws, the fish in the water emerge from the water, and the gentle spring wind blows, but at this time, the willow trees are green, but not yet fully stretched.
"Morning plums greet the rain, and residual snow is timidly rising in the morning."
It is precisely because the temperature rises, the snow is difficult to solidify, even if it falls, it quickly melts in the spring sun, at this time the rain returns to the spring rain, and the plum blossoms of the winter spring flower usher in the earliest spring rain and bloom the most beautiful spring flowers.
"All things contain new meanings, and the holy day is long."
Spring is the return of spring, Vientiane renewal, the sun is a bright spring sun, and the day is longer and longer, all things grow by the sun, spring everything is so full of fresh and upward beauty, waiting for the spring wind to deepen, gradually prosperous.
In Yuan Shu's poem, the natural phenology and changes of the Spring Festival are described in detail, spring is coming, but there will be spring snow and spring cold, but it does not matter, the most beautiful early spring, beauty in the irrepressible fresh upwards.
"The cold fog of the Nine Qus, the dawn of the double que.
The cane greets the spring day, and the cigarette receives the clouds.
Pei Sheng cleared the leaks, and the Heavenly Servant heard it.
Mo xiao Feng Tang Lao, also came to praise The Saint Jun. "Don · Yao He", "Sending Liu Qiju in the Early Dynasty of Spring"
So Li Chun, what does the emperor have to do, of course, is a grand suburban festival, leading hundreds of officials to greet the spring god.
Why was the emperor so keen on various sacrifices? This cannot but be said to be a long and profound tradition. The emperor of China is the emperor of heaven, and fengtian carries it. His ultimate representative is the God of Nature, the God of All Things, the embodiment of fate on earth. Moreover, although the Chinese calendar was not made by a single emperor, historically, up to the three emperors and five emperors, these methods of managing the human world were promoted and perfected by the emperor.
For example, if Yuan Shikai was emperor, why did he hold a ceremony to sacrifice the heavens on the winter solstice? Because in the traditional imperial inheritance, without experiencing this kind of sacrifice ceremony, it is not considered an emperor recognized by heaven and cannot be widely recognized by people. Although he did this, he did not become an emperor. But history still remembers him.
Therefore, the emperor was particularly religious for the sacrifice of the four hours. For example, in the morning of Lichun, he had to wear a full set of sacrificial clothes, such as green clothes, green crowns, and honor guards to erect a green flag representing spring, and lead hundreds of officials to the suburbs to greet the Qing Emperor, who represented spring.
Then the altar in the suburbs was already erected on the first day, and there were countless Taoist priests or sacrificial personnel waiting.
The hundred officials came from home in the middle of the night, and then followed the emperor to the countryside. How many people are in this kind of ceremony, there is a Tang poem that writes that as many as 10,000 people accompany the sacrifice at the altar.
But such a sacrifice, the emperor and courtiers are willing to participate, one is to express the piety to welcome the spring, the second is that the emperor's pomp is very large, there is a sense of grandeur and centripetal force, and the third is such a sacrifice, often feasting on the courtiers, the atmosphere is integrated, the reward is not cheap, many officials who have not seen the emperor can see their loyal leadership. Fourth, it is spring, a day trip to the suburbs sent by the Royal Public.
Of course, Yao He was happy, rushed to the palace in the middle of the night, and talked to the emperor, and then completed a spectacular day trip surrounded by honor guards. There is also a banquet from the emperor behind this, in short, the emperor's face is like a spring breeze, and the good wine pipe is full. Many low-ranking officials who were fortunate enough to participate in such banquets were drunk. Because it is the confidence of the career and the bragging capital.
"The jade law is passed on to the festival, and Qingyang should be celebrated."
The earth cattle are in the form of an old barnyard, and the swallow is in the spring.
Lap star back times, cold moon Jianyin.
The scenery is good, and the clouds are looking forward to the new.
The flowing water is frozen at the beginning, and the latent fish want to scale.
Plum blossoms will be willow-colored, partial to the more homely people. "Don · Leng Chaoyang "Li Chun"
This is the spring of the Tang Dynasty, the Qing Emperor returned on this day, and the people had major spring activities.
For example, the use of mounds to form cattle, or the shape of cattle made of trees and straw, since the Han Dynasty, it represents the arrival of spring and spring ploughing. Earth cattle guard the land and homeland, and people wear swallow decorations on their heads to welcome spring, indicating spring.
Emperor suburban sacrifices, folk naturally spontaneously form a spring tour to worship the gods and worship the gods. And before the New Year, the village fell, the bunting flag was displayed, and the cow and swallow were just one of the mascots.
The waxing moon has passed, the Big Dipper points to the arrival of spring, and this month is the beginning of spring.
The scenery of the countryside is beautiful everywhere, and everything is fresh and radiant.
The water began to thaw, the fish began to swim, the plum blossoms bloomed, and the wickers were green.
How can people in other places not miss their hometown when they see the Spring Festival in other places?
Why do you miss your hometown with the same scenery and the same bustle in other places? Quite simply, in your hometown, you are the host, you can participate in the process of the Spring Festival, have a sense of commitment, there are channels of expression, such as dragon dance, stepping on stilts, in the guest village, you are the guest, many important ceremonies, you can not be the master to participate. The grand ceremony evokes your eagerness to try, which is the human exuberance of Li Chun.
"Spring returns to infinite spring, and now the dynasty begins to feel adult."
From now on, self-denial should be followed, and Yan and Plum Blossom are both renewed. Zhongtang · Lu Tong", "Ren Ri Li Chun"
The grandeur of the spring festival in ancient times also made people return to themselves when welcoming the spring and feeling the natural world.
Moreover, Lichun is often around the New Year, and there is also a festival that is more important in the Tang Dynasty, that is, the "People's Day" on the seventh day of the first month of the first month. Legend has it that the ancient nüwa created things, the first day made chickens, the second day made dogs, three, four, five, six pigs, sheep, cattle and horses, and the seventh day made people.
Since the Han Dynasty sacrificed the seventh day of the first lunar month to Nüwa, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and the Tang Dynasty is also a peak, and people ascend to the heights on the seventh day of the first lunar month to thank the heavens. In fact, the spring day of Lichun is also heavy on outdoor activities, the two festivals are not far apart, you can imagine the Tang Dynasty's New Year, as long as it is not rain and snow to block the road, the outdoor is how lively.
And Lu Tong celebrated three festivals on this day, one is the New Year, the second is the Spring Festival, and the third is the People's Day.
Feel grateful for nature in the outdoors, naturally blurt out the three spring words, spring breeze, spring return, heaven and earth infinite spring.
Such a beauty, I think today, is the day of man, is the day of having a full self, I fully feel the beauty of being a man, man is the spirit of all things, can feel nature and himself, can feel history and the present.
From today on, I will use the norms of the most beautiful people to restrain myself and become a true gentleman.
I want to be like the plum blossoms in this spring, through the frost and cold, but also to bloom new!
In Lu Tong's view, the natural spring, the heavens and the earth, are all people who want to inspire him to be a capital letter!
In fact, this "human day" can be passed on with reservation, because this festival can fully reflect on itself and is of great significance to contemporary people.
"One two three four five six seven, ten thousand wood buds are today."
In the distant sky, the geese flew in the clouds, and the fish swimming in the near water burst out of the ice. "Late Tang Dynasty · Luo Yin,"The Seventh Day of the First Month of Jingzhong"
It looks like a poem at the beginning, but the more you read it, the more you taste it.
What is he counting? Counting snowflakes? Counting spring flowers? He counted the buds on the willow trees, the bones of the flowers on the tea trees, the late-blooming plum blossoms, the flowers in the orchid bushes under the steps, the dandelions and alfalfa.
Yes, spring is coming, although it is so light spring color, but spring is still coming.
At least he counted the dots of tender green and came to the conclusion that the ten thousand trees began to sprout.
What a beautiful early spring, the sky is wide, a line of geese slowly flying from the south, the water is thawed, and the fish can be seen trying to break the ice and jump out of the thin ice gap, and they also have to breathe the spring air.
Spring, spring also.
After the Purple Celestial Star returned, the Qingjiao Dou turned.
The warblers in the upper forest are early, and the snow in the southern acres is late.
Clouds and thousands of auspicious sets, wind strips of all kinds of nourishment.
The emperor is the same as the land, and the Qianshou song is in the Chang period. Northern Song Dynasty · Yan Shu "Bonghe Sacred System Standing Spring Day Part I"
Dynasties change, no matter who becomes emperor, the sacrifice of Lichun will not stop.
The Fall of the Tang Dynasty, the rise of the Great Song Dynasty, the change of the Emperor, and the son of another generation of Heavenly Choices, but the ceremony of establishing spring and welcoming spring is still grand.
On the way to spring, there will still be a grand ceremonial guard, stepping on the spring wind and welcoming the spring.
The Northern Song Dynasty prime minister Yan Shu is described as another emperor leading a hundred officials to welcome spring.
At this time, the warblers in the royal garden on the outskirts of the country were whispering, reporting the return of spring, and there was still snow covering the land along the way, which should be counted as spring snow at this time.
On the sunny and snowy road, the sky is full of clouds, and the wind in early spring has already contained moist water vapor, nourishing the trees, and you see that the willow is particularly green. On the way of the honor guard, you can see the common people seeing the honor guard team coming from a distance, and they all kneel down.
They truly embraced the emperor who gave them peace and the spring that gave wanmu vitality.
It's nice and fun. Interestingly, no matter how many tragedies and joys there are in the world, such ceremonies and rituals as the change of dynasties and the joys and sorrows in the world, such ceremonies and ceremonies can still unite the hearts and feelings of the people.
I even think of it as the eternal Spring, the Emperor of Flowing Water.
However, it is also so, it is very beautiful, and the Lichun that has been handed down from ancient times will continue from generation to generation, because when spring goes, spring will come again.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.