A hundred years ago, this was the place where electric lights were tested in Shanghai, the place where Shanghai's first outdoor photo studio was opened, and the place where Shanghai's first drama was staged... This is the Zhang Garden, which is known as the "first garden on the sea".
From the Zhangjia Garden, the premier civic activity venue in Shanghai at the end of the Qing Dynasty, it gradually evolved into various civil buildings after 1918, and has developed and survived to this day, becoming the largest Shikumen architectural complex in Shanghai in the middle and late period.
After a century of ups and downs, in 2018, Zhangyuan ushered in a historical moment for her, and the Jing'an District Government launched the Zhangyuan Urban Renewal Project. It took several years to complete all the expropriation work, and the project officially entered the renewal construction stage in the second half of last year.
How will Zhang Yuan be preserved and protected? How will the Shikumen building be revitalized and utilized? Before the festival, the reporter came to Zhang Garden with questions, followed the craftsmen who repaired the old house, went deep into the alley, walked into the old house, and found out.
(i)
"The entire project will go through two time nodes, and the 11 historic buildings west of Taixing Road have been reinforced and repaired and will be opened to the public by July 1 this year." Looking in the direction of The finger of Ma Lin, general manager of Shanghai Jing'an Urban Renewal Construction and Development Co., Ltd., the building complex in front of him has been covered with dust nets, "These old houses are already 'elderly people', most of them suffer from 'osteoporosis', and before entering the details of repair, they must first be reinforced." ”
Load-bearing structures such as beams, columns, and walls are the key protection objects of reinforcement. Shikumen old house is a brick and wood structure, many years of wind and rain erosion, many of the wall old bricks have weathered, wooden beams and columns have been loosened, "before the start of the construction of the old house carried out a 'physical examination', partial planing of loose floor or floor tiles, found that some of the beams and columns connected to the foundation of the bottom, some by termite erosion, some due to moisture has rotted, load-bearing force function greatly weakened." A teacher at the scene further explained: "Therefore, while reinforcing the bottom foundation, we also added reinforced columns on the side of the wooden pillars to make the overall structure of the house more solid. ”
The Zhangyuan Shikumen Conservation Development Project is a deep organic integration of the protection of excellent historical buildings and urban renewal, Ma Lin said: "The western part of Taixing Road, which was opened earlier, will introduce first-line brands to settle in through cultural integration, space reshaping and functional reengineering, and create a new landmark for cultural and commercial punching. ”
(ii)
For the project team, the biggest challenge is the east part of Taixing Road, where underground space will be developed in the future, "the negative three floors will be equipped with an underground garage to alleviate the surrounding parking difficulties, and the underground transfer of the third line of the Nanjing West Road Metro will also be realized." A staff member at the scene revealed to reporters.
Excavating underground space, how to ensure the safety of century-old buildings on the ground? "The building will be translated to make room for underground excavation."
Zhangyuan is close to the land of Nanjing West Road, before the underground space operation, will use the two vacant land in the north and south of the plot, like children playing "Huarong Road", panning a house, excavating an underground space, excavating well, building a foundation, and then moving the old house back to the original place, "the project is not only complex, but also extremely difficult, the amount is also very large." "It is expected that at least a dozen buildings will be translated, which may set a record for the largest number of old buildings in Shanghai at the same time."
After completing the translation and returning to its original position, it will enter the stage of detailed repair of the old building, which will be performed by the "Shanghai Craftsman" Wu Gongbao team to perform the "rejuvenation magic hand", so that the historical building will be repaired as old as the old, and the old appearance will be replaced.
"It's unprecedented to repair such a large number of Shikumen buildings at one time!" "Rongkangli, Zhenxingli, Deqingli, Yongning Lane... A hundred years ago, the 28 owners left 28 different forms and different structures of Shikumen buildings for Zhang Yuan according to their own preferences, Wu Gongbao said: "The door of the Guangshi Kumen, some using brick carvings, some using water brushed stone, the carving of the door head is even more varied, some are Western-style hairy stem flower elements, some are integrated with Chinese bat elements, Chinese and Western..."
Although it was not yet the turn of the detail repair engineering team to enter, Lao Wu could not wait, taking advantage of the other work at hand a few years ago, and rushed to the construction site to carefully study the old houses.
(iii)
"Zhang Yuan Dake Hall, typical Chinese and Western style Shikumen house, zigzag structure, with a small garden..." The reporter followed Master Wu through the small garden to the front hall, Western-style fireplace, parquet floor tiles, European-style diagonal ceiling... Built in 1928, the Zhangyuan Grand Guest Hall is one of the most famous buildings east of Taixing Road in Zhangyuan, and was originally owned by Zhang Zhisheng, an important figure in Shanghai's banking and financial industry at that time.
Zhang Yuan Da Ke Tang
This three-story brick and wood structure house with a construction area of 933 square meters is one of the best-preserved buildings in ZhangYuan, but it has also undergone many renovations, the internal structure has been modified a lot, and the hardware components of doors and windows are not the original, "especially the three floors, the changes are particularly large, and now it seems that the north and south sides of the floor are at a height, in fact, the north side is a split-level, is a concave room, when repaired, it must be restored to its original appearance." ”
Touch the doorknob and look at the latch on the pane, "It is not an old object, and then I will consider the old houses of the same period, especially to see if the hardware of that era is left in other houses in Zhang Yuan, and try to restore the same same objects to replace." ”
Mosaic floor tiles
As he was speaking, Master Wu squatted down, by the light projected outside the door, carefully looked at a few floor tiles with some damage along the corners, "There are two main ways to repair, one is to use brick powder and clay, and mix similar colors to fill the damaged hooks, if it is a large area of damage, you have to use the second program, entrust a professional masonry processing plant to sample, and analyze the floor tiles, using the old process, processing similar floor tiles." ”
After studying the floor tiles, going out, walking into the alley a few steps, a wall a little farther away attracted everyone's attention. Only to see that the gray and white wall skin was dug up, revealing the "true appearance" of the wall, but looking closely at the brick body, the internal parts have been potholed and the damage is very serious.
"This is the old wound left by the wrong repair means in the past to the old house, simply and rudely paint the outer wall, draw a simulated brick line, think it is decorated with a new one, but in fact, it is not, so that it is like covering the old brick wall with a layer of film, the old brick can not breathe, 'sick', once the brick body is loose inside, it undoubtedly caused an immeasurable safety hazard to the old house."
A floor tile, a green brick, in the eyes of Master Wu, they are all "cytokines" that maintain whether the old house can "prolong life", rejuvenate, activate the green brick "cell" of the old house, and can also take the two methods of "filling" and "changing".
"Small hairy diseases, slightly weathered green bricks on the outside, generally take brick powder to fill, the interior necrotic green bricks, we will carefully extract them, replaced by the homogeneous green bricks processed by the brick factory to replace." The replacement of green bricks is also very exquisite, Master Wu said, after the original bricks extracted after research, the color is the key, "green bricks, green bricks, don't simply think that it is blue, some are dark green bricks, some are gray green bricks, there are green bricks, and there is a trace of red in the green ... Before processing, the color matching not only tests the master's eyesight, but also tests the master's experience, otherwise the bricks fired have a color difference with the whole wall, is it not necessary to make a 'big flower face'? ”
Repairing old houses, pay attention to slow work out of fine work, 63-year-old Wu Gongbao, although he has long passed the retirement age, he is well versed in carpentry, lacquer, masonry, one hand has long been pure fire, "thinking of working for a few more years, with a few more apprentices with aura, when they have work in their eyes, when they have work in their hands, they can rest assured that these 'treasures' that have been repaired in their hands over the years will be handed over to their hands, and there will be successors, and the artistic value and use value of these old houses can be well continued." ”
(iv)
Following Master Wu through the deep alleys, the reporter listened to the subtle changes of various external balconies, looked at the exquisite outline of the gables to pick out the lines, and couldn't help but marvel at the exquisite skills of the old craftsmen nearly a hundred years ago. Will this repair be recorded for future references?
A "protective label" posted on a window door seems to give the answer. Look closely at each "protection label" with the building's protection number, protected parts... Originally, as early as 2016, the Jing Resettlement Industry Group had begun to establish a "Zhangyuan Historical Building Database" housing file for the historical buildings of Zhangyuan, which lasted for 3 years, gathering 5 professional units and 40 technical personnel to participate together.
"For each house in Zhangyuan, 'one file after another' has been established, and the contents of the archives include building overview, housing information, basic materials, historical drawings, current status drawings, property information, video data, process descriptions, protection and control suggestions, etc., as well as the changes in occupants over the decades." Shi Junlun, chairman of Shanghai Jing Resettlement Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., said that "one building and one file" is of great significance to retaining historical and cultural resources and driving the establishment of a new urban renewal model in the central urban area, hoping to form a replicable and generalizable mechanism.
"Protection first, culture as the soul, people-oriented", Zhangyuan Urban Renewal Project focuses on the protection of historical buildings and the continuation of the cultural context. Shi Junlun said that in the process of promoting the project, they will do their best to protect the texture and spatial scale of Shikumen Lane, and will also meet new needs, achieve revitalization and utilization, and continue the cultural roots.
Among them, in terms of cultural inheritance and integration, according to the plan, a cultural performance center and cultural exhibition center will be built at the north and south ends of Zhangyuan.
The Cultural Performing Arts Center will introduce performing arts culture with drama and opera as the carrier, and display traditional Chinese culture with intangible cultural heritage as the core. The Cultural Exhibition Center plans to set up the Shikumen Architecture Museum of China featuring experiences, showing the architectural culture characterized by the revitalization and utilization of Shikumen architecture.
The renovation of two art venues and the old building in Zhangyuan East is expected to be completed by the end of 2026.
sprint! New landmarks
Plan to move fast, only for the day! In Shanghai, a large number of new landmarks are being stepped up. Some of them are new engines driving regional development, some are new momentum representing the future direction, and some are new supplies leading to a better life.
"New Year Walk grassroots - sprint! "New Landmarks" takes you in advance to punch in the new scenery of these cities, and the new highlights of high-quality development.
Source: Shanghai News Broadcasting