Every year, we will undergo a physical examination, see the report of the extra "polyps" will become very anxious, these small things growing in the body, which are precancerous signs, which are benign changes, which need surgery?
Today, we use an article to clarify the things related to the "polyps" in the body.
First, what do we often call "polyps"?
Polyps, in short, are extra vegetations that grow in the hollow organs of the human body. In other words, on the tissue that should have been smooth and smooth, there was a piece of meat that was not very long and protruded [1].
According to the location of the length, the name is different, such as growing in the nasal cavity, gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, uterus, bladder, urethra, vocal cords and other places, it is called nasal polyps, stomach polyps, intestinal polyps, gallbladder polyps, uterine polyps and so on.
(Nasal polyps)
Second, what is the feeling of polyps in different parts?
When long polyps, especially polyps are very hidden, basically there is no feeling, most people are treating other diseases in related areas, or only discovered during physical examinations.
Stomach polyps: generally there is no feeling, most people are in the stomach when checking other problems in the stomach, such as gastritis, do gastroscopy only found. Occasionally, people experience pain, black stools, nausea, and vomiting [2,3,4].
Intestinal polyps: generally there is no discomfort, some people do colonoscopy when enteritis is onset, incidentally see the polyps, a small number of cases may have diarrhea, stool shape changes [5, 6].
(Intestinal polyps)
Nasal polyps: When the polyps are small, they do not feel, and when they grow up, they block the airways, and there will be nasal congestion, poor breathing, loss of smell, or repeated rhinitis [7,8].
Uterine polyps: some do not show up, but some experience irregular menstruation, intermenstrual bleeding, excessive menstrual volume, vaginal bleeding after menopause, and inability to conceive [9-11].
Vocal cord polyps: Most cause hoarseness and, in severe cases, difficulty breathing. Therefore, it is also a kind of polyp that is relatively easy to find [12].
Gallbladder polyps: there is often no discomfort in the early stages, most of the gallbladder polyps are found during the physical examination of B ultrasound, and some gallbladder surgery is found to have a polyp. A very small number of people will have pain, nausea, vomiting, and other conditions that are not specific [13,14].
So, the polyps come quietly, many people don't know, feel uncomfortable, it's too late!
Third, these people are prone to polyps, and they need to be vigilant during physical examination!
Gastric polyps: people with chronic gastritis; Helicobacter pylori infection (HP); familial adenomatous polyposis; or people who regularly take certain stomach medications, such as proton pump inhibitors [2,3,4].
Intestinal polyps: people older than 50 years of age; people with inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes; people with the disease in the family; people who smoke, drink alcohol, or are obese [5,6].
Nasal polyps: people with asthma/allergic fungal sinusitis; sensitivity to aspirin; vitamin D deficiency; people with nasal polyps in the home [7,8].
Uterine polyps: perimenopause or postmenopausal; hypertension; obese populations [9-11].
(Uterine polyps)
Vocal cord polyps: people who need to use more voices, such as teachers, singers, etc., as well as people with vocal cord inflammation and long-term smoking [12].
Gallbladder polyps: people associated with age, sex (which occurs more likely in men than women), smoking, hepatitis B, cholecystitis, or gallstones, and hyperlipidemia [13,14].
4. Which polyps will become cancerous?
Most polyps are very well-behaved and friendly, but there is also a risk of cancer, don't take it lightly! It is usually judged according to the type, size, and number of polyps.
Gastric polyps: most of them are benign, but adenomatous polyps, larger than 2 cm in diameter, should be paid special attention to, and the risk of cancer is relatively high [2,3,4].
Intestinal polyps: larger than 1 cm, adenomas, growing in the left half of the colon, as well as people who are fat (really do not discriminate against fat people), people with fatty liver, metabolic syndrome, the risk of cancer is relatively high [5,6].
Uterine polyps: most of them are also benign, but at > 60 years of age, abnormal uterine bleeding, obesity, and polycystic ovaries confer, and the risk of cancer is higher [9-11].
Gallbladder polyps: most are benign, but polyps > 10 mm in diameter, > 50 years of age, multiple polyps, and a combination of gallbladder stones, etc., the risk of malignancy increases [13,14].
Nasal polyps and vocal cord polyps: generally benign and at low risk of cancer [7,8,12].
Therefore, don't underestimate the polyps, maybe one day it will defect, not obedient, and can't get along well in their own bodies.
5. If you find a polyp, do you want to cut it?
Gastric polyps [2-4]: whether to be cut or not, the score is seen, such as small polyps that are not adenomas, generally not uncomfortable, and rarely become cancerous, and doctors may recommend regular examinations, without the need for surgical removal; while large polyps, adenomas and familial adenomatous polyposis, because of the possibility of cancer, are generally removed under gastroscopy.
Intestinal polyps: if it is a polyp < 1 cm, some tissue can be taken under the colonoscopy for examination, whether there is a possibility of cancer, there is no possibility of cancer can be temporarily left untreated, follow-up observation, > 1 cm or there is a possibility of cancer, resection with forceps or wire rings under colonoscopy (polypsectomy), or minimally invasive removal with laparoscopic surgery [5,6].
(Removal of colon polyps)
Nasal polyps: it is relatively easy to recur, so it is generally considered to spray some drugs to control inflammation and shrink polyps at the beginning, and if the drugs are not useful, nasal endoscopic surgery is considered to remove polyps [7,8].
Uterine polyps: small polyps without symptoms can be treated without treatment, reviewed regularly, or take some hormonal drugs to alleviate the symptoms of polyps. If there is a possibility of cancer, hysteroscopy can be used for surgical resection depending on the condition [9-11].
Vocal cord polyps: because of the influence on vocalization, surgery is generally used, depending on the size and location of the vocal cord polyps, and common surgical methods are electronic nasopharyngeal or fibroglassoscopic resection [12].
Gallbladder polyps: polyps >1 cm in diameter, > 50 years of age, suspected of cancerous risk, rapid growth rate, need to undergo surgical resection, if not willing to undergo surgical resection, but also follow-up observation for half a year to one year [13,14].
Having said so much, in a word: life is not easy, and it is good to do and cherish "rest".
If you can still get along with each other, we will accompany each other for a ride, and if you can't get along with each other, you will cut it and don't stay! The key is to remember to go to the hospital for early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, otherwise you can only regret it.
bibliography:
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[4] Stomach polyps. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
/stomach-polyps
Liu Daojiang. Clinical analysis of factors related to the pathogenesis of colorectal polyps[D].Jiangxi:Nanchang University,2019.
[6] Colon polyps.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/
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Wang Lin. Histopathological control of different types of nasal polyps[D].Southwest Medical University, 2019.
[8] Nasal polyps.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nasal-polyps/
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Lin Junmin, Chen Yanru, Liu Lianlian, et al. Research progress on factors related to the incidence of endometrial polyps and their relationship with infertility[J].Chinese Journal of Maternal and Child Health,2016,31(14):2978-2980.
[10] HUANG Lihua,XIANG Mei. New advances in the study of endometrial polyps[J].International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,2014,41(1):43-46.
[11] Uterine.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709
Wu Qizong. Clinical analysis of influencing factors of postoperative recurrence of vocal cord polyps[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Medical University,2019.
Lü Fujun,Zhang Dong,Liu Jiangwei. Research progress on the genesis of gallbladder polyps[J].Advances in Modern Biomedicine,2010,10(24):4785-4787.
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