After Confucius's death, what etiquette did the disciples use to serve Confucius?

Micro-Chinese Studies

Credit: Zhang Zhengyi

Finally, the fortieth

【Original】

Those who are pawns and disciples are suspicious of obeying the master (Note 1). Zi Gong Yue: "The funeral of Xifuzi (Note 2) Yan Huiye, if he loses his son and has no clothes, the same is true of the path of losing his son." Now please let the widow be as obedient as the bereaved father. So the disciples all took the clothes and added hemp (Note 3). (Note 4) is made by 绖 (Note 5). Zi Xia Yue: "Entering Yi Qi can be lived (Note 6), but out is not quilted." Zi You said: "I have heard of the masters: if you lose your friends, you will live in a house, and if you go out, you will not; if you are honored, although you are out of the house, you can also." ”

At the funeral of Confucius, Gongxi Chi (Note 7) was in charge of the funeral. 唅 is named after the three shells of shumi (Note 8), one of the ten garments (Note 9), one of the imperial dresses, one of the crowns of the crown of the crown of zhangfu (Note 10), the ring of the elephant (Note 11), the diameter of which is five inches and the qi group (Note 12), the four inches of the tong coffin, the five inches of the cypress coffin, and the temple of the temple (Note 13). Shi Phi, Zhou Ye; Shi Chong, Yin Ye; Silk Lian, Shi Yi, Xia Ye (Note 14). Combined with the Three Kings Ceremony, so respect the master, and Prepare Guye.

【Notes】

(Note 1) Those who are suspicious of the disciple: the original word "doubt" is removed, the sentence is incomplete, according to the four libraries, the same text supplement.

(Note 2) Funeral: Mourning. There was no "zigzag" before the four libraries and the same text.

(Note 3) Hanging clothes and adding hemp: hanging clothes, mourning clothes. Hemp refers to the hemp band used in mourning clothes.

(Note 4): To.

(Note 5) by 绖 (dié): by, with. Quilt, the hemp belt in ancient mourning clothes, tied on the head or waist, the head is called the first quilt, and the one at the waist is called the waist quilt.

(Note 6) Ju: Siku ben, the same text as "also".

(Note 7) Gong Xi Chi: A disciple of Confucius. The surname is Gongxi, the name is Chi, and the character Zihua. 赤, 原脱, according to the four libraries, the same text supplement.

(Note 8) 唅 (hàn) to thin rice three shells: 唅, in ancient times, Na zhu, jade, shells, rice, etc. into the mouth of the deceased. Siku was originally "contained". Shu rice, Wang Su note: "Shu, japonica rice." The Book of Rites is known as Rice and Jia Shu. "Bay, four library books, the same text as "with".

(Note 9) Chèn: Raider, a full set of clothes. Weighing, quantifier, refers to a complete set of clothes, "Zuo Chuan" Min Gong Er Nian Du pre-note: "The clothing list is compounded." ”

(Note 10) Jia Chao Fu I, Crown of Crown Zhangfu: Chao Fu, one of the Zhou Dynasty Xuan Guan costumes, specifically refers to the costumes of Xuan Guan, Silk Clothes, and Plain Clothes. The first "crown" means "wear" and the second "crown" means "hat". Zhang Fu, a kind of hat of the Shang Dynasty. "Li Ji Confucian Xing": "Qiu Shaojulu, the clothes of Fengye; the long residence of the Song, the crown of the crown of The Crown Of Zhangfu." Sun Xidan explained: "Zhang Fu, the name of Yin Xuanguan, the title of Song Renguan." Since Confucius liked to wear it, later generations used "Zhang Fu" to refer specifically to the crown of the Confucians.

(Note 11) Wearing elephant rings: pei, through "pei", wearing. Elephant ring, ivory ring.

(Note 12) Five inches in diameter and qí group: qi, pale. Group silk, ancient jade pendant on the ribbon for jade, here refers to the ribbon used to tie the elephant ring. Wang Su's note: "Qi (四庫本作 "group"), variegated. Group silk, so tie the elephant ring. ”

(Note 13) Shà (饬寺置翣à): Temple, where the coffin is parked. 翣, the decoration of the coffin at the time of the funeral in ancient times, Zhu Junsheng's "Shuowen Tongxun Dingsheng Qianbu": "Shiben: 'King Wu Zuoyi.' 'In The Chinese system, with wood as the kuang (i.e., the frame), three feet wide, two feet and four inches high, clothed with canvas, and the handle is five feet long. Coffin car line, holding on both sides to follow. According to the palm fan of the present day, the ancient book of doubt is based on feathers, the same as the feather cover, and the future generations are clothed, or seated. "Temple, four libraries, the same text as "coffin wall".

(Note 14) Shi Phi, Zhou Ye; Shi Chong, Yin Ye; Silk (tāo) Lian, Shi Yi (zhào), Xia Ye: Wang Su Note: "Phi, coffin (original "Hub", according to the Siku Ben) line to lead the coffin. Chong, Chongya, Jingqi ornament (Sikuben has the word "also" after that). Silk training, with Jingzhi Du (this sentence Siku ben as "to practice the silk jing of the bar"), in (siku ben as "this") buried the car built also. Shu Lian (Shu Lian, Si Ku Ben as "旌之缁布") Guangchong Chang Xun Yue 旐也 (also, Si Ku Ben No). Phi, "Li Ji Tan Bow Shang" Zheng Xuan's note: "Coffin line clip the coffin." "That is, a funeral instrument made of cloth, it is first tied to a coffin, and then tied on both sides of the coffin, for the mourner to either lead or pull, to prevent tilting." Chong, "Li Ji Tan Bow Shang" Zheng Xuan's note: "Teeth, Jingqi ornament also." "That is, chongya, a tooth-like ornament around the flag. Silk, through "Tao", wrapped, set. Practice, white cloth. 旐, the flag that led the coffin during the funeral in the old days, is commonly known as the soul flag.

【General Solution】

After Confucius's death, the disciples did not know what mourning clothes to wear for his husband, and Zigong said: "In the past, Mr. Yan Hui handled the funeral just as he handled the funeral for his son, but he did not wear a mourning dress, and the same was true for Zilu. Now please serve your husband's funeral as if you were mourning your father, but you don't have to wear the corresponding mourning clothes. So Confucius's disciples all put on mourning clothes and tied ties. When you go out, just wear a hemp belt. Zixia said: "Tie a hemp belt at home, you don't have to tie it when you go out." Ziyou said: "I have heard my husband say: to serve the funeral of a friend, when you are at home, you don't have to tie it when you go out; it is okay to serve the mourning of someone you respect, even if you wear it with hemp." ”

When handling Confucius's funeral, Gong Xichi was in charge of funeral affairs. The body of Confucius contained japonica rice and three shells, wore eleven sets of clothes, plus a set of imperial robes, wore the crown of Zhang Fu, wore an ivory ring, five inches in diameter, and was tied with a ribbon of pale color. The inner coffin made of paulownia wood is four inches thick, and the outer coffin made of cypress wood is five inches thick. The coffin was decorated, and a fan was also set up outside the coffin. A cloak was set up, which was the etiquette of the Zhou people; the chongya was set up, which was the etiquette of the Yin people; the white veil was wrapped around the flagpole and the soul banner was set up, which was the etiquette of the Xia people. The use of the etiquette of three generations of kings is to honor the teacher, but also to preserve the ancient rites.

Source: "Confucius Language"

Author: Yang Chaoming Song Lilin

About the Author/Profile/

Yang Chaoming

Famous contemporary scholars, Confucians, and historians.

He is a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the president, professor and doctoral supervisor of the Confucius Institute of China. He is currently an academic committee member of the Confucius Foundation of China, an editorial board member of Confucius Studies, and the deputy director of the Nishan World Confucianism Center.

Song Lilin

He studied Confucianism under Professor Yang Chaoming, director of the Confucius and Chinese Culture Research Office of the School of History (Confucius) Culture of Qufu Normal University, deputy director of the Center for Traditional Chinese Studies, and distinguished researcher of the Confucius Institute of China.

What is home style

...........................

A reinforced concrete house is stationed in people, with the temperature called home, the family has a good, upward wish, remind each other, supervise each other, is the tutor; in order to be effective, to assist the tutor to advance smoothly and agree with each other, is the family rules; the good, upward wish is summarized into a refined word, is the family training. The core values of socialism are the Chinese's motto. Writing the names of more people in the family and the family in the book is the family tree.

In the family, for a good and upward wish, to achieve the yearning for a better life, the process of tutoring, refining the family training, establishing the family rules, and formulating the family tree is collectively referred to as the family style.

——Zhang Jianyun