In the stills of "Emperor Wu of Han", the reaction is that the scholars of the Han Dynasty abused the foundation and laid the foundation in the period from Emperor Wu to Emperor Xuan
The source of the Han Dynasty's classics into the world was basically laid in the period from Emperor Wu of han to Emperor Xuan. The rise of scholar politics also meant the formation of the shi clan mountain, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it evolved into a group of celebrities with door valve forces. Once this kind of force is formed, it means that the warriors will form a solid political alliance through the relationship between in-laws and teachers and friends, and this alliance has the flexibility of advancing in the north and retreating in the opposition.
Do not underestimate the way in-laws and teachers and friends are allied, in the era of Confucianism as an absolute will, father and son, husband and wife, master and apprentice, and friends are the humanistic relations that are highly valued in society, and in addition to these four ethical concepts, they are kings and subjects. This means that when a scholar enters the dynasty as an official, although he is in a relationship with the emperor of the Han Dynasty, he is a high-ranking, or a king who is easy to bend, and at a glance, the whole government and the public are full of a network of scholars who are mutually each other. Readers, think, in other words, can you sit back and watch this hidden power exist without being moved?
As we said in the previous lecture, as early as the Western Han Wu Emperor's Dynasty, the old Confucian Gongsun Hong, who had already made a worldly contribution to the scholars, was the old Confucian Gongsun Hong. Although this old man of Gongsun had a loss of private morality, he spelled out a position for the soldiers in the real vanity fair. In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, even the Liu clan had to respect the Confucian classics, and Zongzheng Liu Xiang and his son Liu Xin were very proficient in Confucian classics and the study of the sons. These scholars of the clan and the elite of the Eastern Han Dynasty have one thing in common, that is, when they enter the field of scholars, they do not want to share a piece of the pie with the vanity fair, but to do things with a realistic idealistic view.
Liu Xiang, the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was a scholar of the Liu clan
For example, the Han Yuan Emperor wanted to hold the famous general Chen Tang responsible, the general Chen Tang was greedy, and the killing of the Xiongnu Shan Yu was also a corrective act, but Chen Tang's surprise beheading of the Xiongnu Shan Yu was a foreign affairs action for the Western Han Dynasty that could gain long-term benefits despite taking risks. Confucians, who were well versed in the rules of the officialdom, would certainly consider problems for the emperor from the perspective of the emperor, and Chen Tang's correction would damage the emperor's prestige and may also trigger the desperate desire of the border generals to take risks.
It is actually politically rational to think about the problem in this way, but if we think about it from the perspective of higher security interests, Chen Tang's killing of Zhi Zhidan yu can directly deter the Xiongnu nobles who hold a wait-and-see attitude, making them more inclined to submit to the Han Dynasty. If Chen Tang is punished too heavily, it will make the border general tie his hands and feet, and it will also make the relatives and enemies happy. Zongzheng Liu Xiang advised the emperor from one point of view, and as for how to restrain the generals from acting rashly, it was only a matter of administrative details. Liu Xiang was such an idealized scholar, and Xun Yu, who assisted Cao Cao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was also such an ideal personality, but this ideal personality was more down-to-earth than the utopian ideal personality.
After all, Liu Xiang and Xun Yu are the elites among the scholars, and the production of elite figures needs a secular utilitarian soil, because the shaping of the elite needs genuine financial support, and the scholar clan is the soil for the elite to obtain support, but at the beginning of its birth, it was to let the scholars obtain political capital, not to cultivate the elite scholars, so even if there is no elite people, the politics of the scholars only lacks a little touching and admirable wonderful, but it does not affect it to continue to be boring.
The Emperor Of Guangwu, Liu Xiu, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and a large number of his heroes were born of Confucianism
From Liu Xiang's body, we can see an interesting phenomenon, that is, when Liu Surnamed Zongshi was playing games with the Shiren group, he also had to merge with the Shiren clique, and Liu Xiu, the Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Yuntai generals under his command, were mostly born in Confucianism, and the career of the military was only their amateur choice, or a choice forced out by the times. Emperor Guangwu himself, with the ability to "teach art and discuss the Tao", Liu Xiu's love will often defeat the famous general Deng Yu, and he once traveled with Liu Xiu to study in Chang'an. After the end of the martial arts, Deng Yu, like the common warriors, focused on running the family business. In the Han Dynasty, there was a tradition of so-called "successive generations of classics", and the families of scholars who entered the world with the study of scriptures should pass on this art to future generations, and also serve as a business for them to attract social prestige, so the "classics of the past generations" slowly became the "secretaries of the past generations", and the potential role of classics was continuously revealed through the generations of children and protégés as officials.
Empress Deng, a prominent female politician
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, filial piety and honest officials could be recruited by the public government, and "filial piety" and "honesty", as private virtues promoted by Confucianism, were turned into socialized public virtues. Emperor Cao Cao of Weiwu, at the age of twenty, became a Lang official through filial piety, and his brothers Cao Ren and Cao Hong, whose words were "Zi Xiao" and "Zi Lian", it is not difficult to see that filial piety has influenced the customs. Deng Yu had thirteen sons, and these sons basically enjoyed the reputation of filial piety, and it should be known that only well-known filial piety is the real capital, and when the cost seeds accumulated by this reputation sprouted in Deng Sui, Deng Yu's granddaughter, this woman who grew up in a scholar family and was familiar with the history of the scriptures and "beautiful and beautiful" already basically possessed the endowment of a female politician. Deng Sui also lived up to the gift of heaven and became the outstanding politician empress dowager of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Deng family also had another political identity - foreign relatives. The Deng family has always been humble and guarded in the game of the royal family, which has won them a lot of praise, including the smoothness of filial piety, but after the death of Empress Deng, the Deng family also has no shortage of declining fate.
Ma Yuan, a famous family in the early Han Dynasty, was also difficult to escape the haze of being a foreign relative because of the pepper house, and his descendant Ma Chao was quite famous in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty
After the nightmare of Wang Mang's usurpation of han at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty was particularly suspicious of foreign relatives, and even the reward of merit would be deliberately alienated because of the relatives of the Jiaofang. Therefore, in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the fate of foreign relatives was often covered with a layer of gray sand, even if it was the famous generals Ma Yuan and Dou Xian, who had distinguished themselves, their fate was not lacking in sadness. However, the Ma clan has a deep ancestral shadow after all, as early as the Warring States period, the famous general Zhao Hao, who had made the Qin general Wang Qi yu return, was ma yuan's ancestor, Ma Yuan was awarded the title of Ma Fujun, and future generations took "ma" as their clan. According to the "Classics", the Western Liang warlords Ma Teng and Ma Chao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty were father and son, that is, after Ma Yuan.
Then, whether it means that if you are a foreign relative of the Eastern Han Dynasty, you may be in danger; if you become a foreign relative, whether you can still find a way to retreat, we will know below.