Su Shi's life was spent in eunuchs and degrading experiences, and his footprints spread all over the country. His footprints have traveled to more than 90 cities, and it can be said that he has been on the road all his life. He has read thousands of books, traveled thousands of miles, experienced glory and setbacks, served as Zhizhou and Shangshu, and also experienced nine deaths. He traveled from the northernmost tip of China to the southernmost tip of China, from the cold climate to the tropical climate of Hainan Island.
Some people summarize Su Dongpo's life as "eight three four one", of course, this is simply to outline Su Shi's footprints: "eight" refers to Meizhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou, which is where Su Shi served as Zhizhou; "three" refers to the Shangshu who served as the official, the soldier, and the ceremonial department; "four" refers to the life stations of Huangzhou, Ruzhou, Huizhou, and Danzhou; "one" refers to the most glorious moment of Su Shi's career - The Hanlin scholar Zhizhi Zhizhi.
Meizhou is the hometown of Su Shi. He left as a young man, and after that, he was involuntary, and no matter where he went to work or was relegated, he never set foot in his homeland again.
He and his childhood brother Su Rui drifted independently, gathering less and leaving more, until the end of his life, and finally buried in a foreign land. Meizhou is the starting point of Su Shi's "a smoke and rain in his life", and it is also his dream home when he "came to the night and suddenly returned to his hometown".
Hangzhou is where Su Shi served as a magistrate twice. The first was in the fourth year of Xi Ning (1071), when Su Shi was appointed as the Tongju of Hangzhou, and the second was in the fourth year of Yuan You (1089) when he served as the Governor of Hangzhou. Here, Su Shi not only left behind the poem "It is always appropriate to make the West Lake better than the West Lake, light makeup and thick makeup", but also built water conservancy projects, sanitation facilities and safety facilities.
However, Su Shi wrote in his "Self-titled Portrait of Jinshan" in his later years: "Ask RuPing's life and deeds, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou", these three places are the most important life stations on Su Shishi's journey. It can be said with certainty that these three places were the trough period of Su Shi's life, but it was precisely these three places that achieved the peak of Su Shi's literature and career.
The importance of Huangzhou goes without saying. The Huangzhou period was the trough of Su Shi's life, and although Su Shi's residence in the Huangzhou period had disappeared into the smoke and dust of history, Chibi and Dongpo were everywhere to be found. Just near Chibi, the landscape changes too much. If it is said that thousands of years ago, Su Shi in Chibi could only think of the ancient battlefield where "the trees were ashes and smoke", today's people can only think of the trip of Chibi where "the breeze is coming, the water waves are not happy".
In the few years he lived in Huangzhou, Su Shi not only penetrated his life, but also reached an unprecedented peak in literary and artistic creation, such as "Chibi Fu", "Hou Chibi Fu", "Ji Chengtian Temple Night Tour" and "Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Huaigu", which were masterpieces of his Huangzhou period. In terms of calligraphy, he created the "Huangzhou Cold Food Post", which has the reputation of "the third line of the world".
Huizhou, with its beautiful scenery, has become a place where Su Shi is incomparably nostalgic. Pen and ink melt between the landscape and water, and there are heirloom articles. "At four o'clock in the spring under Luofu Mountain, Lu Orange And Yellow Plum was new. Three hundred litchi in a day, not to quit being a Lingnanian. ”
This is a poem written by Su Shi when he was eating lychees in Huizhou, and the poem is titled "Huizhou A Must". We have reason to believe that this is the most vivid advertising copy written by Su Shi for Lychee in Huizhou.
Huizhou West Lake is named after Su Shi and is also famous because of Su Shi. Shortly after arriving in Huizhou, Su Shi drunkenly wrote after a lake tour: The dream has not been exhausted, and the forest smoke and moon shine on the West Lake. It is also written in the "Gift of Tan Show": Looking at the three thousand miles north of the West Lake, the levee is rising across the autumn water.
After the spread of Su Shi's poetry, Huizhou West Lake has almost become a scenic spot comparable to Hangzhou West Lake and Fuyang West Lake. It can also be said that Su Shi's poems are the earliest tourism propaganda copy of Huizhou West Lake.
Su Shi did many things for the local people in Huizhou, including promoting education, and wrote 160 poems and dozens of essays, which made Huizhou famous all over the world, and the literati and inkers were proud to come to Huizhou to meet and even run a college, which made Huizhou talented. The Qing Dynasty poet Jiang Fengchen said: "Once the Po Gong who is in the South China Sea, the world does not dare to underestimate Huizhou." ”
Huizhou has beautiful scenery and Huizhou's simple folk customs, so that Su Shi has the feeling of "not quitting being a Lingnanian", and he really bought land to build a house and plans to live for a long time. After the house was completed, he lived for more than two months, and a paper transfer order came to Lingnan, and Su Shi crossed the Qiongzhou Strait and came to Danzhou, Hainan.
Danzhou was the last place where Su Shi lived. Similarly, who lived in Hainan for three years was another peak period for Su Shi's creation. Here, he continued his reflections on life and politics, and completed important academic works such as "Yi Chuan", "Analects of the Analects", and "Book Biography". Su Shi's literary creations during the Danzhou period in Hainan were later compiled into "Overseas Collections".
Su Dongpo stayed in Hainan for three years, a paper transfer order across the Qiongzhou Strait, summoned Su Shi back to Beijing, the people of Hainan did not give up their return, put wine to give each other, Su Shi composed "Farewell to Hainan Li Min Table" to comfort the pain of parting:
I am a native of Hainan, parasitizing The Western Shu Prefecture.
Suddenly cross the sea, such as a long trip.
Life and death dreams, the three are not inferior.
Zhijun no longer sees, wants to go and stay less.
Su Shi is like this, he always has a power, beyond adversity and sorrow, to turn his hometown into a hometown. Three years of danzhou life experience has long made this place his second hometown in life.
Su Shi's sincere expression of "this peace of mind is my hometown" reflects his true feelings for the local people, just as he wrote in his poem to Su Rui: "Heaven regards me as a mizi, and it is necessary to leave this intention desolate." He was a year who made a public opinion chronicle, Hainan Wanli True Hometown! ”
Before coming to Hainan, Su Shi still had some worries, and at this time this worry was swept away: first, because Su Shi was used to life here, he no longer cared about the material living conditions of hardship, but could accept them very calmly; second, because he was open-minded and optimistic, positive and upbeat, and his mentality of peace of mind played an important role.
Su Shi was self-sufficient in Hainan and personally engaged in production work, he rented a small piece of land from others and grew vegetables himself, so as to do so. Fresh vegetables have become the standard for three meals a day throughout the year on Su Shi's table.
In the poem "Picking Vegetables", he wrote: "Autumn frost dew fills the East Garden, and reeds give birth to children and grandchildren." I was full with He Zeng, and I didn't know how to eat chicken and dolphin. In the poem "He Tao Yan Di Shi Chun Huai Gu Tian She", he also wrote: "Borrow me three acres of land, and tie the knot as a neighbor." If the tongue can be learned, it will become a mother of Lai. ”
In this way, Su Shi quickly adapted to life in Hainan, and when he embarked on the second New Year festival in Hainan, Su Shi gladly wrote a song "Minus Magnolia Lichun", which is a New Year greeting and a New Year hymn. In the history of mainland words, this is the first enthusiastic hymn to the Spring of Hainan. The original words are as follows:
Spring cow spring staff, infinite spring wind comes to the sea. Poop spring worker, dyed peach red like flesh red.
Spring is spring, and a spring breeze blows wine to wake up. Not like the end of the world, rolling up the poplar flowers like snowflakes.
The poem was written in Danzhou, Hainan Island. In the Song Dynasty, Hainan was the "end of the world" in the eyes of the world, and it was a distant place. Before Su Shi, there were also literati and inkers who flowed here, and they also wrote poems describing the scenery of Hainan, but most of them were faced with the scenery of a foreign country, and the sadness of drifting and wandering arose. Su Shi's words, however, use cheerful and jumping brushstrokes to highlight the brilliant spring light and vibrant nature of Hainan Island.
Su Shi is different from other literati who came to Hainan, and he does not wander on the surface in a sloppy way, but sincerely and from the mainland.
In 1097, the 62-year-old Su Shi came to Hainan Island, and in the "Danzhou People's Temple" built for him, Su Shi, who was over the age of Hua Jia, and his son Su Guo spent about 3 years. When he first arrived in Danzhou, Su Shi's impression of this place was: "There is no meat to eat here, no medicine for illness, no room to live in, no friends out, no charcoal in winter, and no cold spring in summer."
However, Su Shi's openness and optimism carved in his bones once again showed amazing strength, he was not knocked down by the scene and reality in front of him, in the absence of materials, Su Shi led everyone to farm together, and also entrusted people to bring grain seeds from the Central Plains, and improved the rice transplanter that was invented in Huangzhou for everyone to use, which was the first rice transplanter on Hainan Island.
Later, Su Shi saw that the locals had been drinking the river for a long time and were often sick, so he led everyone to dig the first well in the local area. Later generations remembered this move and named the well "Dongpo Well", which is still used today. In addition, Su Shi personally became a doctor and opened the first hospital in Hainan.
Su Shi's influence on Hainan culture was enormous, and it set a precedent for Hainan cultural education. Before Su Dongpo came to Hainan, Hainan did not produce a single literati who entered his career through the imperial examination.
During the multi-day inspection, Su Shi found that this place was far from advanced culture and education, so Su Shi spontaneously became a teacher, first sold his belt, and then with the help of the locals, raised money to build an ordinary thatched hut that could no longer be ordinary.
Su Shi named the school "Zaijiutang", which was also the first school in the history of Hainan. This name has a great origin, and it is based on the allusion of "carrying wine and asking characters" in the "Book of Han and Yang Xiong's Biography". Judging from the name, Su Shi was full of confidence in his dissemination of knowledge and culture in Danzhou, and at the same time placed good hopes on Danzhou's cultural and educational undertakings.
At that time, not only the local people of Danzhou, but also many people from other parts of Hainan also came to listen to Su Shi's lectures, and under Su Shi's efforts, "the sound of books was loud and the strings were everywhere", and reading and studying became a common practice.
Among the students was Jiang Tangzuo, a student from Qiongzhou, whose culture class was particularly prominent, and Su Shi praised him as "majestic and changeable in literary style, with the style of a Zhongzhou scholar". Before Su Shi left Hainan, he encouraged him to take the imperial examination and wrote two lines of poetry on his fan: "Canghai He once broke the earth's vein, and the white robe ended up breaking the heavens", saying that in the future, if he had a title on the gold list, he would make up this poem for him.
Three years later, Jiang Tangzuo was indeed named in the gold list, so he wanted to tell Su Shi the good news at the first time, and only after inquiring from many sources did he learn that Su Shi had died in Changzhou on the way back to the north. Later, Jiang Tangzuo met Su Zhi in Ruyang, Henan, Su Ru took the fan, surprised by the five flavors of miscellaneous Chen, and then wrote the second half of the poem for Jiang Tangzuo: "There is a different aroma between the growing grass, and the ancient ginger under the wind flow." Suitable for the Qiongguan Fish Dragon Grotto, show the Yangcheng Hanmo Field. The vicissitudes of the sea he once broke the vein of the earth, and the white robe ended up breaking the heavens. Jinyi is seen by thousands of people today, and the east slope of the first letter has long eyesight. ”
From Su Shi's New Year greetings, "Minus Magnolia Lichun", it can be seen that Su Shi's enthusiasm for this land is embedded.
The first sentence of this word and the first sentence of the next film all originate from the custom of Lichun. In ancient times, the Book of Etiquette of the Later Han Dynasty recorded: "Erect a green banner, and cultivate people outside the door to show the people (the people). "Spring cows refer to mud cows. The spring wand refers to the cultivator standing with a ploughing stick; the spring banner, or "green banner", refers to the flag. Chunsheng, a kind of paper-cutting, cut into patterns or words, also known as scissors, caisheng, is also a custom to represent spring.
This poem is divided into two parts, the first and second sentences of the first and second sentences explain the customs of establishing spring, and the second sentence is written "spring wind":
The first is "infinite spring wind comes to the sea", Su Shi's poem "Dan Er" also said: "Hanging down under the clouds of the heavens and the female, happy to come to the sea with the male wind". The wind comes from the sea, not only writing about the characteristics of being located on the island, but also the realm is magnificent, which makes people feel comfortable; the second is "a gust of spring wind blowing wine to wake up", pointing out that the spring wine at the feast of the spring ceremony is intoxicating, full of interest, and full of interest. Both writings of "Spring Breeze" powerfully reinforce the cheerful tone of the whole word.
The other sentences in the word are all descriptions of the scenery of Hainan Island: the upper film writes peach blossoms, and the lower film writes Yang flowers, which are red and white, which is particularly charming. The peach blossoms are so delicate and beautiful that they make the writer think that this is the divine skill of the spring wind to invite the spring god, dyeing the peach blossoms as bright red as flesh. Here the personification of the spring god shows the kindness of the Creator and the milk of all things on earth.
Yang Hua is so soft and delicate, but it is the finishing touch. Danzhou has a tropical monsoon climate, and in the spring season, the snow is still in the north, and the poplar flowers in Hainan have bloomed. Su Shi used snowflakes that hainan did not have to compare the yang flowers seen earlier in Hainan, so isn't Hainan the same scenery as the Central Plains? So the lyricist issued an exclamation of "not like the end of the world".
The writing style of this song is characterized by the extensive use of homologous words. The use of the same word repeatedly at intervals is called "class word", and if the class word is used consecutively, it is called "overlapping words", such as Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound", "Seeking and Seeking, Cold and Clear, Miserable and Miserable Relatives".
Su Shi has a total of eight sentences, sharing seven "spring" words, two of which are "spring wind", but not evenly configured, some sentences are two, some sentences are one, and three sentences are not used, which seems to be staggered; instead of using the words "spring", sentences such as "dyed peach like flesh red" and "rolled up poplar flowers like snowflakes", but two "red" words and two "flower" words are used respectively.
In fact, when Su Shi wrote this word, he did not intend to express such a complex change, he was only inspired by the spring color of Hainan, and wrote this word in one breath, so it was natural and real, simple and touching, without the slightest drawback of playing with skills.
After Su Shi left Hainan, in order to commemorate this cultural disseminator, the people of Hainan expanded the "Zaijiu Hall", the place where Su Shi once taught, and the now famous Danzhou "Dongpo Academy" was expanded on the basis of the "Zaijiu Hall".
Danzhou, Hainan is the last place of Su Shi's demeaning, and the people of Hainan here will always remember Su Shi, the first talent of the Northern Song Dynasty. Hainan's "first rice transplanter, first well, first hospital, first academy, and first jinshi" all arose because of Su Shi.
Danzhou is famous at home and abroad because of Dongpo Academy, and the local history records that "Song Suwen Gong's who is dan'er, who preaches the Tao, who teaches rixing, and the prosperity of Qiongzhou's humanities, is actually from the public enlightenment." ”
Su Shi poured his heart and blood in Danzhou, Hainan, he lamented that "nine deaths in the southern wilderness I do not hate, Ziyou Qi is the crown of life", people have always regarded Su Shi as a pioneer and sower of Danzhou culture, and have deep respect for him. Danzhou still has Dongpo Village, Dongpo Well, Dongpo Tian, Dongpo Road, Dongpo Bridge, Dongpo Hat, etc., and even the language has "Dongpo dialect".
Su Shi traveled throughout most of China in his lifetime, either traveling eunuchs or degrading, but he always had feelings for the place he visited, which reflected his open outlook on life that was at ease with his encounters.
Mr. Lin Yutang had a wonderful evaluation of Su Shi: "Su Dongpo's character has the depth, breadth, and humor of a versatile genius, a high degree of intelligence, a naïve and innocent heart, as Jesus said, with the wisdom of a snake and the gentleness and generosity of a pigeon. In his works, his nature is revealed, solemn and harmonious, vivid and powerful, although it must be different according to the situation, but it is not true and sincere, completely heartfelt. ”
Again, the small talk poems throw bricks and jade, borrowing this passage from Mr. Lin Yutang, to make a perfect ending to this article.