Introduction: The content of this article is a summary of the reference article at the end of the article, and I have compiled the text according to my own habits and my feelings about Heidi Rama's life.
Heidi Rama, the mother of "WiFi", should be no less well-known in China than Claude Shannon. Luo Yonghao also mentioned her in the "beautiful is not like the strength faction" link at the nut mobile phone conference.
But many people, especially non-communications professionals, may not understand what Hedy Lamarr's specific job is and how much she contributes to communications.
At present, there is only one patent that can be found in her communication: https://www.google.com/patents/US2292387?hl=zh-CN, and the invention is frequency hopping technology
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > details the invention of frequency hopping technology</h1>
The first inventor of frequency hopping was the pianist George Antheil, a friend of Hedy Lamarr. In fact, according to common sense, the first inventor should have made a greater contribution, but he is not known to everyone, let alone the praise of the "father of WiFi" and the "father of CDMA".
Heidi Rama's ex-husband, an arms dealer, had spoken to Heidi about the use of wireless remote-controlled torpedoes.
Remote-controlled torpedoes are technically possible, but a major drawback of the utility species is that the enemy can apply an interference signal at the control frequency, which deflects the torpedo from the target.
Later, when Heidi was listening to Ansel playing the piano, she saw that tapping different keys would make different sounds, so she took inspiration from it and proposed that if she kept changing the frequency of the control signal randomly, so that the enemy could not guess, wouldn't it be okay?
In this way, unless the enemy can quickly detect the frequency swap, or simply interfere with all the frequency bands at the same time (Note: Da Liu wrote a full-band blocking interference book and adopted this same end-of-the-line setting), otherwise the enemy's interference will be much less affected.
Ansel proposed a specific implementation method when the same code of the torpedo receiver and the ship's transmitter are installed, so that the two operate at the same time, according to the predetermined code synchronous adjustment of the transmission and reception frequencies.
The two continued to study the idea, drawing on the principle of automatically playing the piano (an existing mechanism) to achieve synchronization between the sender and the receiver, the two invented the technology together, and on August 11, 1942, the U.S. Patent Office obtained a patent called the Secret Communications System, and subsequently gave the patent to the U.S. government (patent number 2,292,387" patent for the "Confidential Communications System", after the war, " It is said that "the government confiscated her patent, believing it to be an adversary invention – a technology that attracted the attention of the U.S. Department of Defense and made it top secret). However, because the two were not engineers or scientists, and the related machinery was too large to be placed in the torpedo, it was not taken seriously by the military and did not produce physical objects. At that time, the invention of transistors and integrated circuits was not yet invented, and it was difficult to cram huge tube equipment into torpedoes, so the Navy rejected this idea. It's not what the outside world is rumored to be, the Navy is a bunch of fools who don't value this patent. In fact, such a modern case is Motorola's Iridium project.
In the summer of 1940, Ansel met Hedy Lamarr, an actress who had emigrated from Europe, at a party when Rama was separated from her second husband, Gene Markey. Rama invited Ansel into his home and jokingly asked him how to enlarge his breasts. Later they discussed more serious topics, and Rama remembered her first arms dealer husband, Fritz Mandl, who had heard Nazi officials at a dinner party talk about how to manipulate torpedoes. If you use the remote control directly, it is easy to be disturbed by the same frequency signal and deflect the torpedo from the target, one afternoon Ansel carelessly played the piano, Rama thought that if changing the piano button can change the sound, then changing the radio signal frequency can also change the signal. If you constantly change the signal frequency randomly, the interference effect of the enemy will be much reduced. Ansel came up with a way to do it, using 16 automatic pianos in Ballet Mecanique in 1926, which were driven by drums. This frequency hopping spread spectrum can be accomplished when the same coded drum is installed in the receiver of the torpedo and the transmitter of the ship, so that the two can operate at the same time.
This patent is the frequency hopping technology that was later used to resist interference, also known as "spread spectrum technology".
Frequency hopping, as the name suggests: the frequency is changed every time there is a communication. As shown in the figure below, there is noise interference in fb.17~fb.20 because the frequency hopping technique can be used to avoid the interference channel to continue communication.
Spread spectrum technology has played a great role in CDMA and Wi-Fi.
As a result, Heidi Rama received the E-Border Fund – Pioneer Award at the age of 83. The Foundation calls her: The Mother of CDMA! By this time, George Antheil, the "father of WiFi" and the "father of CDMA," had already traveled west (George Antheil, born July 8, 1900 – died February 12, 1959 – died in New York City, USA).
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > why is it said that the mother of CMDA/WIFI is Heidi Rama</h1>
Personally, I think that the first idea was indeed the first conceived by Heidi Rama, and the second, perhaps his name. Her legendary life has made people who are not related to communications or computers also know more about her entertainment news. After all, she is a beautiful female star in Hollywood, who has founded her own film company, known as "the most beautiful woman in the world", and is also the world's first actress to appear naked, the first actress to "climax" in the movie, and even alarmed the Pope.
She has a near-perfect face, the dream lover of almost all men, the object of envy of all women.
Even Vivien Leigh (left: Vivien Leigh, right: Heidi Rama), the heroine of "Gone with the Wind", is secretly happy to be said to look like Heidi Rama.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the legendary life of Heidi Rama</h1>
Heidi Rama is not her original name. Her original name was Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler.
She was born on 9 September 1914 to a prominent family in Vienna, the musical capital of Austria. Her father, Emile Kisler, was an Austrian Jew and a well-known banker in the region, giving Heidi superior living conditions and a good education. Her mother, Gertrude Lichtwitz, from Budapest, the capital of Hungary, was a beautiful pianist who often attended high-society banquets and loved perfumes and banquet dresses. All of this had a major impact on Heidi's life.
Heidi grew up in a well-off family, her parents loved, and because she was an only child, she was pampered from an early age. In her later years, she recalled her childhood and said sadly: "At that time, all I saw were beautiful things, operas, horses..." It can be seen that when she was young, she lived a completely white, rich and carefree life.
Although the mother had always wanted a boy, she was not very happy with Heidi. But her father pampered her and passed on his preference for technology to her.
Unlike most girls at the time, who loved science, Heidi had been interested in electronics since she was 5 years old, and she would take the radio apart and reassemble it back.
Her son showed the music box in a documentary. Nearly a century later, the clockwork and mechanism are intact and still produce crisp music.
Heidi Rama began studying ballet and piano at the age of 10, and as a teenager she became obsessed with acting.
Heidi's father, although a bank director, was also interested in technology.
When Heidi went out for a walk with her father, his father would tell her how the tram worked and so on.
For Heidi, her father's place in her mind is irreplaceable. On the other hand, her father was also Heidi's enlightenment teacher.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > childhood Heidi</h1>
When I grew up, I was different from other girls, I liked chemistry class the most, my math scores were also very good, and I also studied communication engineering.
After graduating from high school, she began to study acting (she was educated from an early age and was basically very comprehensive, painting, dancing, and music).
Despite her parents' objections, Heidi Rama, who was obsessed with acting, even gave up her communications major and followed the theater director Max Reinhardt to Berlin, Germany. Initially she could only act as a field note.
In 1930, with her outstanding appearance and desire to perform, she soon ushered in her first big-screen work" "Money on the Street", when she was only 16 years old.
In 1932, a Czechoslovak film company invited her to be the heroine of the film Ecstasy, but on the condition that there would be nude shots during filming.
Considering the producers' promise to take the film internationally, our avant-garde Miss Heidi agreed without hesitation.
You know, this is Europe in 1932, and the status and openness of women's ideas are far from the current level.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the first actress to appear in full nude, Heidi Rama</h1>
In 1933, "The Haunted" premiered in Czechoslovakia, and Heidi became the world's first actress to appear fully naked. The film was banned in many countries for its ten-minute nude footage. Even the Pope stood up and denounced her.
It was the first "two-point" and completely naked film in the history of world cinema, showing Heidi Rama's delicate face and youthful carcass. In 1933, the film caused a sensation in that conservative era, which shocked the audience and brought a lot of criticism, in which Ichigo, although she was famous, was not a good reputation. Heidi Lamar later recalled: "I remember the premiere of 'Haunted' very clearly, when I saw my bare ass shaking on the screen, my parents sitting there stunned. ”
She marries an old man in the movie and later runs away... She just ran naked out of the woods... Also fell in love with a young man, had "unspeakable things", and "had an unashamed orgasm"... It's a fierce woman...
However, Heidi's bold performance in this film became the first sexual scene in the history of human cinema, which is of epoch-making significance.
But At that time, Europe was still relatively conservative, Heidi was constantly subjected to fierce criticism, and even the pope came forward to accuse, Heidi was still facing a lot of public pressure at that time.
Her bold and uninhibited performance in this movie tells us that she is definitely not such a simple and ignorant girl, and her ideas will never be compromised because of anyone! She never cared! "If you use your imagination, you can see any actress naked," she said. ”
At the age of 19, Heidi married an Austrian arms dealer, Henry Ford of Austria, allied with the Nazis.
Heidi knows that a lot of rich men want a beautiful "vase" wife, and she's that "vase" wife.
After marriage, she was her husband's weapon at German and Italian naval banquets, where she sat and flaunted her beauty — Mandel also used Heidi's beauty to take her to various high-class social venues every day to please Nazis such as Hitler and Mussolini for commercial gain.
In the social arena of social circles with military and political leaders of various countries, Mandel always carries Heidi with him, and her beauty and elegance are Mandel's magic weapons for wandering in the military and political circles of various countries. The "Mandels" were so impressed that Heidi could not shy away from even talking about weapons technology at conferences, which also brought a lot of help to her later inventions.
You know, although our Heidi is an actress, she was a communication major at that time.
With such a beautiful wife, this man is very uneasy. He asks the maid to listen to Heidi's phone calls and firmly believes that Heidi is having an affair.
In order to make his wife no longer be watched by others, Mandel even spared no expense to collect copies of "The Haunted". And forbiding his wife to get involved in the film industry again, and not allowing her to go out casually, this is a very painful thing for Heidi.
Although Mandel, like Heidi, was an Austrian Jew, he supported the Nazis and was on good terms with Hitler and Mussolini. But Heidi had been a staunch anti-Nazi all her life, and there was an irreconcilable conflict between them.
Heidi later tried to stay away from the man at all costs, and she even fled to the brothel posing as a prostitute to escape Mandel's mandell.
World War II was on the verge of erupting, and Jews were severely persecuted. Heidi's father died, which was undoubtedly a great blow to Heidi.
One day in 1937, Heidi Rama fled to Paris by accompanying her first husband, Mandel, to a dinner party (after she had stunned the maid and housekeeper at the ball with a pre-prepared drug, she escaped from the toilet window, ran to the train station, boarded the last train to Paris), and left her pro-Nazi husband (Heidi Lamar was adamantly anti-Nazi). By the way, the "military secrets" of Nazi wireless communications were also brought to the Allies. These secrets are mainly "command guidance" systems based on radio-secrecy communications, which are used to automatically control weapons and strike targets with precision, but in order to prevent radio commands from being stolen by enemy forces, a series of radiocommunication secrecy technologies need to be developed - the well-educated Heidi Rama secretly absorbed many valuable forward-looking concepts.
Heidi and her mother then fled to London, England, where they lived in peace for a while.
One day they went to the movies, and it was a MOVIE BY MGM that had the iconic Lion label on the opening. Heidi was eager to go to MGM to develop, and she got on the boat of Louis B. Mayer, MGM's producer at the time, perhaps to make some beauty plan, and Louis felt that the woman must sign.
At Meyer's recommendation, she successfully broke into Hollywood and signed a filming contract with MGM. To wash away the influence of her previous nude scenes, she changed her name to Hedy Lamarr — a name derived from Barbara Lamarr, a great beauty from the silent film period. MGM positioned her as "the most beautiful woman in the world", focusing on her skin. Perhaps, it is precisely because Heidi Lamar is so beautiful that when people enjoy her films, in addition to reveling in her beauty, they have no intention of paying attention to her acting skills, and she is branded with a vase.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the star road of slavery</h1>
Unbeknownst to Heidi, however, that while Hollywood was booming at the time, Louis's whole system of stars was actually slavery. He signed a group of actors and actresses who had fled the war from Europe at a low price, brought them to the United States to develop, and not only arranged countless jobs to make it difficult for them to rest, but also gave them only a very low salary.
Heidi's acting skills are not good, but she is beautiful and sexy. The quality of louis's films for Heidi is uneven, and all Heidi can do is play a "vase". Despite this, Heidi became famous all over the world and became a superstar of the moment.
At that time, every woman wanted to be Heidi, every man wanted to date Heidi, and even Kennedy could not escape the beauty barrier.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > failed marriage/brilliant creation/miserable life</h1>
Heidi fell in love with a writer and producer, Keane Markey, and the two even adopted a child, and soon after the marriage, Keane began dating other actresses.
The marriage failed, Heidi's career fell into a trough, and the contradiction with Louis deepened. Soon after, Heidi persuaded Louis to star in "Boom Town" and play with the famous Hollywood actor Clark Gable. Unexpectedly, this film became a hit, followed by endless work, but Heidi started her own invention in the gap between work.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Heidi's creative thinking</h1>
Heidi made inventing creation herself as her hobby, and the first thing she tried to invent was compression coke. Heidi considered that many people could not taste Coke during the war, so she hired chemists to make compressed "Coke effervescent tablets" and put her ideas into practice.
But because it did not take into account the different intensities of water in different regions, this little invention failed.
She also worked with Howard Hughes, the largest U.S. aircraft manufacturer and a realistic prototype of "Iron Man Father," to remodel the shape of airplane wings.
When World War II broke out in 1939, wireless communication was transmitted simultaneously on a separate channel, and the enemy could easily detect the guide channel, so it could effectively jam the signal. Countries are trying their best to avoid enemy interference and improve the accuracy of their long-range attacks such as torpedoes.
In 1940, a ship was hit by a torpedo, killing and injuring him. At this time, Heidi had the idea of designing torpedoes for the Navy.
She envisions transmitting information simultaneously on both ends of the torpedo transmission and reception, with several narrow channels transmitted in a random sequence of channels and the receiving end combining discrete signals in the same order. In this way, for the receiver who does not know the channel sequence, the received signal is noise. At the same time, since the receiving end only needs to be sensitive to specific sequence signals in several special frequency bands, immunity to general noise is good. And the enemy cannot achieve full-band interference.
But how to do this, she had no idea for a while. Heidi Lamar became acquainted with the legendary musician George Antel.
Musician George Anteil. Antel was one of the top figures in the avant-garde composing world at that time, composing and performing "Aircraft Sonata", "Jazz Sonata", "Death of the Machine" and other pieces, and became famous. In 1933, Antel began to compose film music for Hollywood and began to study the human endocrine.
At first, Heidi Rama only saw Antel as a body shape expert and asked him for some ways to maintain a good body shape (at first, Heidi only regarded Antel as a gland specialist and asked him how to make her breasts bigger). But then in an inadvertent conversation, Heidi Rama talked about her vision for a secret radio communication. Antel proposed that the practice of automatic pianos can be borrowed to achieve this concept of "spread spectrum". The automatic piano is much like an old-fashioned computer, brought in by reading in numbered punched paper.
As a result, the two invented "frequency hopping technology", which laid the foundation for today's CDMA, WiFi and Bluetooth technologies. Without Heidi, it could be said that we probably didn't know when WiFi would be available.
The patent note describes a communication method for guiding torpedoes: a synchronous means of communication between the transmitter and receiver between the carrier frequencies over a fixed period of time. The carrier frequency synchronization number used by the transmitter (aircraft) and receiver (torpedo) is controlled by a device similar to an automatic piano music tube, which has a unique sequence of 88 possible steps. By sending only a small fraction of the entire message at each frequency, the torpedo can be manipulated. Attempts to interfere with communications can usually only be made by one channel at a time, while information on other channels is sufficient to ensure that the torpedo makes the necessary correction of direction to hit the target.
In the mid-1950s, the U.S. Navy patented Hoffman Radio to produce sonar buoys and radios that accompany aircraft. Eventually, Hoffmann Radio completed this frequency hopping machinery. On this basis, the military developed a number of products, including a remotely controlled drone used in the Vietnam War. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, "frequency hopping" formed a naval blockade between warships in the form of covert communications. Because the information was still extremely confidential, the Hoffman technicians had no idea that the patent was made by an actress and a musician.
After the end of the Cold War, the U.S. military lifted the regulation of "frequency hopping" technology and allowed it to be commercialized. At the same time, the development of electronic transistors has made the implementation of "frequency hopping" technology more and more simple. The conversion of the frequency synchronization method from mechanical to electronic has facilitated its universal realization. Electronic communication and wireless technology have been greatly developed, and mobile phones, satellite communications, wireless networks and other technologies have led the information age.
The Navy rudely told Heidi that if you went to sell war bonds to soldiers instead of sitting there designing your torpedoes, it would help the war a lot, and the design of the torpedo was left to the experts to do.
Heidi is very smart, no matter what she does, she is always very innovative and always does a very good job.
Heidi proved her selflessness with practical actions, and she actively participated in the sale of war bonds and toured the country for the government. She gave a speech and came up with the idea of "auctioning Heidi's Kiss," setting a record for raising $25 million on a tour ($7 million sold in one day), the equivalent of $350 million in the United States in 2016, with even top stars like Hepburn and Monroe bowing down.
Heidi was 27 at the time, and she went out to entertain soldiers in Hollywood restaurants, dance to them, give them autographs, and exchange her kisses for war bonds.
However, Heidi was not a U.S. citizen at the time, and she was used to sell war bonds. And when she asks how her patent is, she is turned away by the sentence "You are not a U.S. citizen", regardless of your identity when you are needed, and when she rejects you, she talks about your identity, which is something that Heidi can't understand even when she is old.
Having an unpleasant fight with Louis, Heidi began making independent films. In the 1940s, the film industry system did not allow movie stars to lose control, but Heidi could escape control and become an independent filmmaker, even now very avant-garde.
After heidi went through two failed marriages, she was lost and even addicted to drugs.
She experienced six failed marriages in her life, each of which devastated Heidi.
Arms dealers, oil tycoons, screenwriters, etc. have all been her husbands, and she has experienced the terrible emotional encounters of being suspected, being spied on, imprisoned, cheating, betraying, and even losing her son again and again.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Heidi Rama was a perfect loser</h1>
Her perfection lies in her intelligence and beauty; her failure also lies in her intelligence and beauty. Heidi Rama is remembered for her beauty, but after her death, it is her talent that is praised!
Her beauty brought her popularity, so that she continued to pick up films under the pressure of big studios.
After entering Hollywood, Heidi Lamar worked on 25 plays with people like Clark Gable, and also broke the convention of blonde women dominating the screen because of the elegant dark-haired beauty portrayed in the film Algiers.
She's been stunning in Hollywood for nearly 40 years, working with several film stars, including Clark Gable, but never winning any awards. Even in the era of color films, when new idols such as Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe swept the world, she was still in "Overlord Demon" at the age of nearly 50, turning everyone upside down with her beauty, making many actresses who were at the right age sigh to themselves.
However, Heidi's talent for acting can only be regarded as mediocre. His entire acting career has been about showing off his unparalleled charm on the silver screen. Although she has participated in 25 plays, her works are remembered as beautiful, or beautiful, and there are no classic works left in later generations.
To keep her awake, the studio called in a "feel-good" doctor to "recharge her energy."
He said it was a vitamin with a special effect, but it was actually methamphetamine.
The drugs turned her into a monster, and that gentle and beautiful Heidi disappeared.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Heidi obsessed with plastic surgery</h1>
From her 40s, Heidi became obsessed with plastic surgery.
Even with plastic surgery, Heidi is a trailblazer. She asked the doctor to cut the line of wrinkles, remove excess skin, and leave the scar in an invisible place such as leg bending and behind the ear, which was later known as "skinlift".
But Heidi's later cosmetic surgery failed, and her beauty not only did not return to the past, but also became unbearable. In her later years, Heidi, although not depressed, was also very sloppy.
Heidi once became the focus of media ridicule, and some people remade Heidi's films deliberately scandalized and satirized her, and slowly, Heidi stopped appearing in public, and even her granddaughter only had two sides of her in her life.
Heidi's life was not happy, and in her later years she was even more miserable. Her son once said that Heidi wanted the world to remember her.
In her later years, she was madly obsessed with plastic surgery, and she didn't know whether to save her face or change her appearance.
She used drugs, theft, etc. to comfort her depression.
Perhaps because of the extreme praise of the first half of her life, she attracted countless lights, the invention patent was used by countless people, and everyone seemed to have forgotten her in her later years. While there is no shortage of wealth, personal achievements have not been met for a long time.
Acquitted after being charged with theft in 1965;
Fined in 1971 for false accusations of rape;
In 1991 he was arrested again on charges of theft.
In 1997, Heidi was awarded the "Electronic Frontier Foundation" Pioneer Award – when CDMA-based communication technology began to enter popular life, the scientific community remembered Heidi, who was already 83 years old.
In the same year, the Electronic Frontier Foundation awarded the 83-year-old pioneer award to her "Electronic Border Fund", recognizing her contribution to wireless communications. Her worth as an inventor is finally recognized by the world.
On January 19, 2000, Heidi Rama passed away at the age of 86. That same year, the World Communications Association gave her a high evaluation, calling her a figure who has made significant contributions to humanity and posthumously recognized her as the originator of CDMA technology.
In 2003, Boeing ran a series of promotional ads honoring the woman in tech.
In 2004, Heidi's son, Anthony Loder, made a documentary, Born Heidi Rama, in honor of his extraordinary mother. As he put it: "Although she has been forgotten by everyone, everything she has done still affects generations of people." (Anthony Rod later became chairman of the U.S. Telephone Bureau, fate...) ）
In 2014, Heidi was inducted into the American Inventors Hall of Fame. Heidi did not make a single profit from her invention patents in her lifetime, and her inventions, as the basis of wireless signal technology, directly gave birth to GPS technology, WiFi technology, Bluetooth and military satellites, with a total valuation of more than $30 billion.
On November 9, 2015, Google searched the homepage for a 1 minute and 16 seconds animated video designed to commemorate Heidi Rama's 101st birthday. That same year, photographs of Heidi Lamar's youth were again on the cover of magazines—no longer entertaining gossip, but American Inventions and Technological Heritage magazine.
Heidi was the first to use her wisdom to change the world by using frequency jumps to expand communication capacity and keep information private.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, frequency hopping technology played a great role and its value gradually emerged.
In 1985, an unknown small company in the United States quietly developed a CDMA wireless digital communication system on the basis of frequency hopping technology, which is Qualcomm. Qualcomm has become a fortune 500 company, and Heidi, the inventor of its theoretical source, has almost been forgotten!
In 1997, CDMA-based 3G technology began to enter people's field of vision, and the scientific community called the 83-year-old beauty the "mother of frequency hopping".
In 2005, Mork, a well-known engineer and analyst in the global telecommunications and communications technology industry, described this genius in his biography Qualcomm Equation: "As long as you have used a mobile phone, you must understand and thank her." You know, the contribution of this sexy female star to the global wireless communication technology has not been matched so far. ”
Reference Articles:
The embodiment of beauty and wisdom, the mother of CDMA, Heitilama https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28871851
Heidi Rama: From Nude Star to U.S. Department of Defense Inventor http://war.163.com/special/renwuhedylamarr/
At the age of 16, she filmed a scale scene, and she was the first fully naked orgasm in film history, which is definitely beyond your imagination! https://www.sohu.com/a/247568010_100126906
The first woman to orgasm naked on the screen still makes you want to stop every day https://movie.douban.com/review/9587960/
Yousee Rama: The first wireless goddess to shoot nude scenes, known as the mother of CDMA https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1608842333335408314
The first woman to be completely naked in the film - Heidi Rama, who is also the mother of WIFI https://www.sohu.com/a/205720882_99968636
https://www.zhihu.com/question/20949168/answer/298852684
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