The Republic of Ireland is located in the southern part of the island of Ireland in the northwest corner of Europe.
The island of Ireland is the third largest island in Europe, the Republic of Ireland covers an area of more than 70,000 square kilometers, accounting for five-sixths of the island, and the remaining northern Ireland in the northeast corner belongs to the United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom is Ireland's only land neighbor, and the two countries have a 360-kilometer border.
The Republic of Ireland is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and has a total coastline of 1448 km.
The island of Ireland has undergone two large-scale glaciations in its geological history, and the coastline has been described by glaciers in a complex and diverse way. (What is Glacier Point here)
On the west coast there is also a cliff that leads to the sea, the Moher Cliff, and the wind is so strong that the dogs will take off at any time.
The Irish Sea, located on the eastern side of the island of Ireland, separates the island from the island of Great Britain, and is only 17.6 km at its narrowest point.
In 7000 BC, residents crossed the narrow strait from the British Isles to Ireland to make a living hunting.
The Tombs of Newgrange left by the ancients are older than the History of Stonehenge in England and the Pyramids in Egypt.
Greenland
Ireland's terrain is high and low in the north and south, and the Karantuer Peak in the Kaili Mountains at the southwest end is 1038 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the country.
The central part is an open plain about 100 meters above sea level, covering more than half of the total area, scattered with lakes left by glaciation. (What is glacial lake point here)
Ireland has a mild temperate oceanic climate, with 200 to 250 rainy days a year on the West Coast.
Most of the land is covered with green grasslands, and Ireland is the world's largest exporter of live cattle.
The whole country is a huge golf course, full of unbridled green, also known as the Emerald Isle Nation.
The Irish also love green, and the national flower is the green clover.
In winter, large numbers of migratory birds fly in from Greenland and Iceland, including three-quarters of the world's Greenland white swans.
Because of the wet and gloomy weather, the Irish drank very arrogantly, almost synonymous with drunkards in history.
When children perform well, they will be rewarded with cider by their parents, and even drink coffee with some wine.
The Guinness Black Brewery in Dublin, Ireland, set the Guinness World Record for the sake of bragging while drinking alcohol.
celt
Around the 6th century BC, a group of blond-haired, burly Celts came to the island of Ireland.
The Celts were a notorious fighting people in Europe who soon conquered the early settlers of Ireland.
The harp, the traditional instrument of the Celts, is painted on the coat of arms of Ireland today.
A variant of Celtic is the first official language of the country in Ireland today, first appearing in stone carvings in the 5th century AD.
On November 1, the Celtic New Year, young people gather to wear ghost masks and carry lanterns to send ghosts home.
This became the origin of Halloween today.
Because Ireland did not produce pumpkins, the earliest lanterns were made of turnips, a vegetable that looked like a radish.
Patrick
The Celts were a rough and warlike people, with little culture and no love to learn.
In the 5th century, an English boy named Patrick was kidnapped by Irish pirates and lived in Ireland for several years as a shepherd.
Patrick was originally a rebellious boy who didn't believe in religion, but the hard days of Irish sheep herding brought him closer to God.
After returning to his hometown, he returned to Ireland again, determined to reform the barbarians.
Patrick exhorted people to believe in God in Ireland, and monasteries became local schools, libraries, and institutions of higher learning.
The barbarians were successfully transformed into a people who were sincerely religious, studied Latin and had a full spiritual life.
When the European continent was invaded by barbarians and Christian civilization was nearly extinct, Ireland became the surviving place of Christian civilization, and Irish missionaries spread the gospel throughout Europe.
This year, there are still 91% catholics among The Irish, and there is a far greater passion for religion than in other European countries.
The Irish government has designated the day of Patrick's death as St. Patrick's Day, which is also Ireland's national day.
Today, St. Patrick's Day, which falls on March 17 every year, has become a worldwide holiday, and people walking around in green hats are seen on the streets of many cosmopolitan cities.
British lord
The good days were not long, and from the 12th century AD, the British began to fight the Irish idea.
In 1316, the King began appointing a viceroy of Ireland to rule Ireland for seven centuries.
The idea of the British lord is three words - Anglinization, encouraging British Protestant immigration.
Protestantism and Catholicism are two branches of Christianity, and religious differences have been the source of centuries of hatred, misunderstanding, and conflict between the two countries.
Like most of the world's colonies, the British felt that they were the best of the best, and their noble temperament was natural.
They felled extensively, plundered land, monopolized the wool trade, and vilified the Irish.
The Irish were required to speak English, were forbidden to play the flute and dance, had no freedom of faith, and were required to pay fines for Catholicism.
Unable even to cultivate their own land freely, most Irish were forced to work for British landowners who had never been to Ireland.
Potato crisis
In order to meet britain's own needs, all land in Ireland is monocultural potatoes.
Pairing potatoes with dairy, vegetables or fish is authentic Irish cuisine.
To this day, Ireland is affectionately known as Potato Island, and potato pancakes, potato stews are the most common delicacies.
But for the Irish in the 19th century, potatoes were almost the only source of food, and about 3 million farmers also made their living by growing potatoes.
In this fragile agricultural economy, ireland was hit by a potato blight for three consecutive years, beginning in 1845, with 90% of potatoes failing.
The British government deliberately concealed the disaster and blocked the relief of other countries, resulting in an unprecedented famine that starved 1.1 million Irish people to death.
When Ireland was starving, it was still exporting a lot of food for Britain.
A large number of Irish had to flee their homes, and a country lost a quarter of its population in ten years.
In 1851 alone, the United States received 962,000 Irish immigrants, and American railroad terminals were filled with Irish laborers.
Professional anti-British
The Great Famine put Ireland on a path of resistance that was left to life and death.
With bitter hatred, he professionally resisted the British for hundreds of years, constantly revolted, and was constantly suppressed.
In the end, the British Empire hung up most of the world and never won the hard bone of Ireland.
In December 1921, the British government was forced to sign the Anglo-Irish Treaty with Ireland, recognizing the independence of the 26 Catholic counties in southern Ireland.
The treaty that divided Ireland soon sparked a bloody civil war in which brothers and sisters were killed.
The IRA, made up of Irish Catholics, became a small detachment to fight the British, and it was just as good as it could be, and it used violence to express its political demands.
More than 3,000 people, half of them innocent civilians and children, died in a series of bombings from Northern Ireland to London.
In 1949, the Republic of Ireland was established, through the muddy and bloody swamps, and finally broke away from the Commonwealth and became a fully independent country.
Two countries close at hand have come all the way in this mutual harm, and all the turmoil is the price of countless lives.
Zombie音乐：The Cranberries - Stars: The Best Of The Cranberries 1992-2002
European Tigers
At the beginning of the 20th century, Ireland fought a civil war and a trade war with Britain, and the economy was very bad, and it was the poorest and most backward desert island in Europe.
Soon people realized that nationalism did not help the country to become rich and strong, and in time took an export-oriented open path.
In 1965, it signed a free trade agreement with the United Kingdom to reduce tariffs, and actively joined the European Community in 1973.
Because Ireland is the only English-speaking country in Europe except the United Kingdom, foreign companies in the electronics, engineering and pharmaceutical industries around the world have invested in Ireland, one-third of which come from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany.
The Irish government was willing to pay for education, and in 1996 it achieved free higher education in the country.
Trinity College Dublin is one of the best universities in the world, and the library is on par with the British Library.
In the 1990s, Ireland became the fastest growing country in Europe and was known as the Little Tiger of Europe.
By 1996, GDP per capita officially surpassed that of the United Kingdom, which was Ireland's largest trading partner.
The gas bag of that year has become today's Ireland, one of the richest countries in the world (GDP per capita of $80,000, twice that of the United Kingdom).
Go global
It is often said that a suffering nation gives birth to great literature and art.
Ireland is rich in literary masters, with a country of less than 5 million people holding four Nobel Prizes in Literature (Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Beckett and Heaney).
"When You're Old" is Yeats's masterpiece.
When You're Old Music: Zhao Zhao - When You're Old
The Irish folk dance tap dance, known as the floor elves, swept the world with Irish immigrants.
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The Irish composer John Field invented the musical form of nocturne, which had a huge influence on the later Liszt and Chopin.
There is also the rock band U2 that has influenced the world, Enya's natural sound, and pop music has become a huge industry in Ireland.
Only Time音乐：Enya - A Day Without Rain
From the music and dance that went to the world to the artists in the streets and alleys, the power of art to point directly to the human heart vented the tragic song of this nation's suffering struggle.
The Irish are warm and welcoming, with their music and wine all over the world, and green Irish pubs can be seen all over the world.
After irish immigrants came to the United States, they went from being poor and hard laborers to entering politics because they spoke English well and could speak well, and achieved great success.
One-third of presidents in U.S. history have been of Irish descent, including Roosevelt, Kennedy, Bush, and others.
The Irish carried pumpkin lanterns that were abundant in the United States and spread Halloween all over the world.
Talk about wine
Breathtaking wilderness mountains, idyllic pastorals, and hard-won peace soothe the centuries-old wounds of this green island.
People talked about wine and sang indulgently.
Singing about the peasants who work in the fields, singing about the pious monks, singing about the drunkards who let loose and laugh.
May we live in a world where music is louder than cannon fire, art longer than war, and warmth always more moving than hatred.