Gardens, I believe that everyone is not unfamiliar, in some tourist attractions can often see their figures, the general garden has rockeries, small rivers and even relatively small waterfalls, flowers and grass insects and fish needless to say, pavilion loft is also available. Before the ordinary garden, it was the garden, that is, the royal garden.
Since the ancient imperial garden, the emperors of successive dynasties have had the idea of building gardens, and the emperor has always been particularly attentive to the construction of gardens. Some people will say that the royal garden is not a place to admire the flowers, purely for the emperor's personal entertainment and relaxation? If that's what you think, you'd be sorely mistaken. The emperor built the garden in fact, there are many factors, the closed office space makes the emperor diligent, so in order to facilitate the handling of government affairs decided to build a garden, said that for the sake of diligence Many people have expressed doubts, how can such a place with flowers and grasses handle political affairs with peace of mind? Let's take an example, such as the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty's requirements for the emperor are still relatively high, and the first rule handed down from the ancestors is that as an emperor, you must be diligent. It can be seen that the emperor does not think about how to do every day. At first, the place where the emperor handled government affairs was that the gates were closed, and the high walls blocked a lot of scenery and pleasure, coupled with the sweltering heat and humidity in the summer, even if you want to be diligent, you can't calm down and work.
The emperors felt that such a working environment was too humiliating, and they were also emperors, so they decided to build themselves some other place to work. After thinking about it, no matter what kind of building is built, it can't escape the hot and humid properties, so just build a garden.
In the north, the emperor of the capital city will generally flee to other places in the summer to escape the summer, so it is too inconvenient, the boat and car are not to say, some important things are easy to delay, so the garden can not be repaired outside, at this time the garden of the royal garden should come out.
Of course, this is also allowed by the financial situation of the country, the emperor is not like an ordinary person, he can work and study at any time in the shade of a tree, and as the supreme leader of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, his garden construction naturally cannot be sloppy. At first, the garden was built for diligence, so of course, it should not be built with the goal of playing, and everywhere should reflect their own diligent style. In the past generations of the garden wall basically set up a qinzheng hall, which is the emperor's special office place, the fresh environment and the open garden wall make the emperor feel relaxed, and finally achieved the purpose of comfortable office.
In the major TV series, we often see the emperor summoning some ministers to the imperial garden to "talk", such a bridge section in the TV is generally not very serious, but in fact, the emperor will indeed use the garden as a place for himself and the minister to meet, which is not a greedy thing. They will also summon the emissaries of the foreign domains they need to meet to the Royal Garden, on the one hand, out of their own pride, they want to show foreigners whether my courtyard is particularly domineering, on the other hand, it is easy to reduce people's psychological pressure in a relatively wide place, get better conversation results, and seek benefits for the country.
Some emperors were more satisfied with the way of working and resting in the garden, and even lived in the garden for a long time, often meeting in the garden, and meeting with the ministers to discuss important matters was also something they often did in the garden. From this time on, the garden was no longer just a garden full of flowers and plants, but another miyagi city with the color of diligence. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty scrupulously abided by his duty, obeyed the teachings of his ancestors, and became a diligent emperor, which was unparalleled in this regard.
The construction of the garden should be based on certain rules and regulations, not designed or built out of thin air, in line with the ceremonial system, maintaining the royal rule is the basic principle of construction
Although the construction of the garden is intended to work in a more relaxed environment, there should still be systems and rules. For example, the garden should follow the principle of normal palace when building, the garden is divided into two parts, the palace naturally refers to the place outside the palace, these are not often involved by the emperor, and the garden is very different, each dynasty has different materials, rules and traditions in the construction of the garden, they have specially formulated relevant regulations to restrict the construction of the garden. Although it is a garden, it should also be divided into front and back and emphasis like a palace. During the Song Dynasty, the "Construction of the French Style" appeared, which required craftsmen to build the emperor's garden reasonably and legally.
Feudal thought is deeply rooted, which makes architecture also appear in the shadow of feudal thought, where it should be built as a key point, where it should pay attention to harmony and symmetry, this is all stipulated. The courtyard composition and scene steps must conform to the constraints and hierarchy of etiquette. The emperor built his garden so well in order to maintain his rule, and only when the emperor did his duty and obeyed the etiquette could he ask the people to support the ritual law.
The layout first requires symmetry, which is the aesthetic concept of Chinese since ancient times, neat and tidy always looks beautiful, but in ancient times it was not only for the sake of looking beautiful, but also contains rich philosophical ideas, important palaces are often placed in the most central place, this arrangement is around the center point, and other scenery is arranged in turn as a foil on both sides of the central axis.
At the same time, there are mountains, water, flowers, and birds in the garden, just like a small world, which also shows the supreme status of the emperor, as the emperor, he has the entire Jiangshan, so the reduction of the Jiangshan to the emperor's back garden is also a confirmation of the emperor's identity and dominance. Some emperors felt that the ordinary back garden could not express my ambition at all, and I was still better than the emperors of previous generations, so he was not satisfied with the construction area and financial expenditure of the emperors.
They will spend a lot of money, material and manpower to build the most perfect and luxurious garden. At this time, the emperor's desire to be diligent had been slowly invaded by the idea of solipsism, and the construction of the garden had become a piece of the emperor's heart disease. In fact, the things that express the status of the emperor are not only the scope and size of the court, but also can be seen in the clothes that the emperor usually wears. The animals carved on the walls are generally dragons, and on the outer walls are some other animals, staying farther away like the dragon's assistants.
Foreign ministers or foreign envoys brought some specialties and strange things, and the emperor would put them all in the garden. Because the emperor has all the things under the heavens, which also shows the beautiful situation of great unification, so there should be rare treasures from all over the world in the royal garden, and such a concept of great unity often runs through the legs of slaves, and in order to find the world's rare treasures for the emperor, it is also a great effort. For example, the Old Summer Palace. First of all, the Yuanmingyuan is very atmospheric in layout, very much in line with the standards of the royal garden, and secondly, the things stored in it are even more abundant, and the territory is surrounded by nine islands, symbolizing Kyushu.
The emperor's superstition and play psychology is also one of the reasons that affect the construction of the garden, there are many temples representing religion in the garden, and the development of the nature of play is gradually valued, and the construction of the garden is only for work, which is still not very convincing. First of all, the ancient understanding of religion is actually not so profound, people are just willing to believe in those gods that do not exist, there is no specific religious worship, the emperor is the same, no matter what faith, the emperor is willing to try. Superstition was something that everyone in ancient times had, and their understanding of natural and man-made disasters was not very much, and science was even more ignorant, so they often burned incense and worshiped the Buddha, eager to be cared for.
Spiritual satisfaction and physical comfort must exist at the same time, which can reach the peak of life, so the emperor's garden also has an entertainment role. He put the best species in the world into his garden, and he couldn't see the water town of Jiangnan without going south. Of course, the garden can not be thousands of years of landscapes and water, so it will also be boring to see, so with the development of the times, the emperors began to transform the entertainment facilities of the garden.
The opera stage is the favorite place of the emperors and empresses of the past, and the singers are the best in the capital and take them directly to the palace to write new plays for the stage. The palace ladies are proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting in order to come in handy at this time, the emperor likes to enjoy music and dance, and there will be musicians and dancers who come up to enjoy themselves when they are feasting, so these are also indispensable, and some emperors will arrange juggling and pot throwing places, which must be increased according to their own situation. But the addition of entertainment facilities to the garden meant that the original purpose of the garden was not the only purpose.
In summary of the above, the garden is really not something that can be built casually, not only to comply with the ritual law but also to have a special feng shui master and a religious altar as a foil, the image of the king's nine-five supreme beings must also be reflected in the landscape, which is also too many rules, but the purpose of diligence is finally achieved, and there can be additional entertainment gains, no wonder the emperors are scrambling to build the garden.
丨 Editor: Zhang Kaida 丨 Arrangement: Lv Qingqing
丨 Content source: Ancient Homestead