Let's look at how the world has changed over the past 30 years by comparing the world atlases published in 1992, 2001, 2010, 2019.
We compare Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, North America, South America, Arctic Ocean, Antarctica by country and region.
Title III: Africa - Malawi
The Republic of Malawi .)
【Area】 118,484 square kilometers.
【Population】 19.13 million (2020). The vast majority are Bantu-speaking blacks. The main ethnic groups are the Cheva, Longwei and Yao. The official languages are English and Chichiva. About 69 per cent of the inhabitants are Protestant and Catholic, 25 per cent are Muslims and the rest are primitive religions.
Lilongwe has a population of about 1.122 million (2020).
【Important Holidays】 Heroes' Day (January 15), Martyrs' Day (March 3), Labor Day (May 6), Freedom Day (June 14), National Day (July 6).
【Geography】Landlocked countries in southeast Africa, with Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania as neighbors. 3/4 of the country is 1000 to 1500 meters above sea level. It has a savannah climate. Moderate rainfall and a mild climate. The average annual temperature is around 20°C, and there are three seasons: cool and dry (May to August), hot (September to November), and rain (December to April). The maximum temperature in the hot season is 29 °C, and the minimum temperature in the cool dry season is 7 °C. The average annual precipitation is 1000 to 1500 mm.
【History】 In the 16th century, the Bantu people began to enter the northwest area of Lake Malawi (formerly known as Lake Nyasa) in large numbers and settled in Malawi and adjacent areas. In 1891 the British officially declared the area a "British Central African Protectorate", also known as Nyasaland. In October 1953, the British forcibly formed Nyasaland into the Central African Federation with Southern Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia). On 1 February 1963, the Central African Federation disintegrated and Nyasaland became self-governing. It became independent on 6 July 1964 and was renamed Malawi. The Republic was proclaimed on 6 July 1966. Malawi Congress Party Chairman Hastings Banda is president for life.
【Administrative Divisions】The country is divided into three regions (Region) in the north, central and southern districts, and 28 counties (Districts) are established under the district. There are also 4 cities.
Malawi had a population of 9.4 million in 1990 and a GDP per capita of US$ 199.
Malawi had a population of 11.15 million in 2000 and a GDP per capita of $156.
Malawi had a population of 14.54 million in 2010 and a GDP per capita of $478.
Malawi had a population of 19.13 million in 2020 and a GDP per capita of $636.
About 86 percent of the country's population is engaged in agriculture, and its economy is very backward, it is a least developed country recognized by the United Nations, and its economic development is heavily dependent on foreign aid. It is one of the major tobacco producers in Africa, and tobacco exports account for 70% of the country's foreign exchange earnings. Its Burley smoke (Burley) is of high quality and enjoys a high reputation in the world tobacco industry.
Since the mid-1990s, the Malaysian government has pursued privatization and poverty alleviation programs, but economic development has been hampered by Western accusations of corruption and aid freezes. After Bingu Mutarika came to power, he worked hard to improve relations with the West, and the West gradually resumed aid and the economic situation tended to improve. The Growth and Development Strategy has been implemented since 2005, with the support of the International Monetary Fund. As a result of the government's increase in agricultural inputs and the expansion of the implementation of the agricultural subsidy program, Malaysia has achieved food self-sufficiency for many consecutive years, and the economic growth rate has exceeded 7% for six consecutive years (2005-2010). In the first half of 2011, There was a crisis of foreign exchange and fuel shortages in Malaysia, which sparked nationwide demonstrations and riots. In April 2012, after Joyce Banda became president, he eased relations with the West, focused on foreign aid, and launched a series of economic reform measures, which improved Malaysia's economic situation. However, due to the "cash gate" scandal exposed by the Banda government and continued to ferment, western traditional donors have suspended budget support to the Malaysian government, and the economy is once again facing severe challenges. In 2014, after Peter Mutarica came to power, he stepped up reforms and introduced policies and measures to attract investment and promote trade, and the economy remained relatively stable. However, since 2015, affected by the El Niño phenomenon, droughts and floods have been frequent, and the losses in traditional grain-producing areas have been serious, which has had a greater impact on Malaysia's grain production and economic development. Since Chakwila came to power, the new Government of Malaysia has attached great importance to economic development and has initially formulated three pillars and key areas. The three pillars are to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth, enhance market economic stability, and strengthen fiscal and financial management. Key development areas include solving the problem of power shortage through various forms, accelerating the construction of water conservancy infrastructure such as water supply, and focusing on improving the level of agricultural development.
In 2020, the economy will be greatly affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic.
【Industry】 It is mainly the primary product processing industry, including tobacco, tea, sugar, winemaking, cotton spinning, vegetable oil, building materials and food processing.
【Agriculture】 Agriculture is a pillar industry of the national economy. Agricultural output accounted for 27% of GDP in 2019. 38% of the country's land is arable. The main food crops are corn, sorghum, millet, beans, rice, cassava and so on. The main cash crops are tobacco, tea, sugar cane, etc., and it is one of the largest tobacco producers in Africa. Animal husbandry is based on raising cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens. Lake Malawi and the upper reaches of the Shire River are the main fish-producing areas. About 240,000 people are engaged in fishing in the country.
【Tourism】 In recent years, Malaysia has vigorously improved its tourism facilities, and tourism has developed rapidly. In 2015, the tourism industry achieved an output value of 221 billion kwacha, accounting for 7.2% of GDP. Tourists mainly come from Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Tanzania and the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries. The main tourist attractions are Lake Malawi, national parks, hunting areas and nature reserves.